Carbon, Kulstof (C)

grundstof med atomnummer 6

Atomnummer	6
Atommasse	12.011
mass number	12

Gruppe	14
Periode	2
Blok	p

proton	6 p⁺
neutron	6 n⁰
elektron	6 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of C (Carbon, Kulstof)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5,3 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
Ionisk radius	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Van der Waals-radius	170 pm 170 pm 389,83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385,1 pm
massefylde	2,2 g/cm³

Kemisk Egenskab

energi

proton affinity
electron affinity	1,262119 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	11,260296 eV/particle 24,3845 eV/particle 47,88778 eV/particle 64,49358 eV/particle 392,0905 eV/particle 489,993177 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme
smeltevarme
standard enthalpy of formation	716,87 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 4

Valenselektron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Oxidationstrin	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativitet	15,05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1,960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase	Fast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	4.098,15 K
Smeltepunkt	4.762,15 K 4.713,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt	4.762,15 K 10.300 kPa
appearance
farve	Sort #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
Brydningsindeks	2,417
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	1,59 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8,517 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,709 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	0,1 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00001 Ω*m
superledning
Magnetisme
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,000014
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	Simpel Hexagonal (DIA)
lattice constant	3,57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed	0,5 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	33 GPa
Forskydningsmodul
E-modul
Poissons forhold
speed of sound	18.350 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Andre ikke-metaller, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11,3 ± 0,2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46,6 a₀ 47,9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0,0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,000015
quantum number	3P0
rumgruppe	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

mass number	8
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8,037643039 ± 0,000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,5 ± 1,4 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1974
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

mass number	9
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9,031037202 ± 0,000002293 Da
g-factor	0,9276 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	126,5 ± 0,9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1964
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

mass number	10
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10,016853217 ± 0,000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	19,3011 ± 0,0015 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1949
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

mass number	11
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11,011432597 ± 0,000000064 Da
g-factor	-0,64266666666667 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	20,3402 ± 0,0053 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0333 ± 0,0002
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

mass number	12
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98,94 ± 0,06
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1919
Paritet	+

¹³C

mass number	13
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13,00335483534 ± 0,00000000025 Da
g-factor	1,404738 ± 0,000008
natural abundance	1,06 ± 0,06
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1929
Paritet	-

¹⁴C

mass number	14
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14,00324198862 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	5,7 ± 0,03 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1936
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

mass number	15
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15,010599256 ± 0,000000858 Da
g-factor	3,44 ± 0,018
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,449 ± 0,005 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1950
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

mass number	16
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16,014701255 ± 0,00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	750 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1961
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

mass number	17
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17,02257865 ± 0,000018641 Da
g-factor	0,50533333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	193 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1968
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

mass number	18
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18,02675193 ± 0,000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	92 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1969
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

mass number	19
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19,034797594 ± 0,000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	46,2 ± 2,3 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1974
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

mass number	20
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20,040261732 ± 0,000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	16 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

mass number	21
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21,049 ± 0,00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
n (neutron emission)

²²C

mass number	22
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22,05755399 ± 0,000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	6,2 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1986
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

mass number	23
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23,06889 ± 0,00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
n (neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Known to the ancients
fundsted
opdagelsesdato
etymologi	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
udtale	KAR-ben (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)	23 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	1,5 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,3 %
Abundance in Universe	0,5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Carbon, Kulstof on ChemicalAid

AUT NKC	ph158523
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300264720
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3180
BNCF	18855
BNE-identifikator	XX526055
BNF	11976417k
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	kohlenstoff
CAS-nummer	7440-44-0
ChEBI-ID	33415
ChemSpider ID	4575370
CosIng number	95647
Cultureel Woordenboek identifikationskode	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/koolstof
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID407391
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9027651
Den Store Danske-ID	carbon
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.321
Enciclopedia Treccani	carbonio
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/carbon-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	carbone
English Vikidia ID	Carbon
EuroVoc ID	5261
Freebase-ID	/m/025tfgm
French Vikidia ID	Carbone
GND-identifikator	4164538-8
ICSC ID	0702
IUPAC Gold Book ID	C00821
InChI	InChI=1S/C
InChIKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Carbonio
KBpedia ID	Carbon
KEGG-ID	C06265
Klexikon article ID	Kohlenstoff
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/UGLEROD.html
LCAuth	sh85020090
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	113504
MeSH ID	D002244
NDL-nummer	00572686
NE.se ID	kol
Namuwiki ID	탄소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007283488605171
OmegaWiki-betydningsdefinition	484
OpenAlex ID	C2993252241
PSH-ID	5796
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143905
PubChem CID	5462310
Quora emne-ID	Carbon-element-1
Quora emne-ID	Carbon
Römpp online ID	RD-11-01491
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1106726
Spanish Vikidia ID	Carbono
Store katalanske encyklopædi-ID	0088553
Store norske leksikon-ID	karbon
Store russiske encyklopædi Online-ID	4214872
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10638575
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/728
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	8964
UNESCO-tesaurus identifikationskode	concept4645
USGS Thesaurus ID	1420
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Element", "Carbon"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14657384-n
YSO ID	138
ZVG-nummer	8040
nLab ID	carbon

Carbon, Kulstof (C)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C