Cadmium (Cd)

Cadmium is the 48th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Cd and atomic number of 48. It has an atomic weight of 112.414 and a mass number of 114. Cadmium has forty-eight protons and sixty-six neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-eight electrons in five shells. It is located in group twelve, period five and block d of the periodic table. Soft bluish metal belonging to group 12 of the periodic table. Extremely toxic even in low concentrations. Chemically similar to zinc, but lends itself to more complex compounds. Discovered in 1817 by F. Stromeyer.

Atomic Number	48
Atomic Weight	112.414
Mass Number	114

Group	12
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	48 p⁺
Neutrons	66 n⁰
Electrons	48 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	155 pm 238 pm
Molar Volume	13.1 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	136 pm 144 pm 160 pm 144 pm
Metallic Radius	138 pm 151 pm
Ionic Radius	78 pm 87 pm 95 pm 103 pm 110 pm 131 pm
Crystal Radius	92 pm 101 pm 109 pm 117 pm 124 pm 145 pm
Van der Waals Radius	220 pm 218 pm 250 pm 284.8 pm
Density	8.69 g/cm³ 7,996 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	8.993822 eV/particle 16.908312 eV/particle 37.47 eV/particle 51 eV/particle 67.9 eV/particle 87 eV/particle 105 eV/particle 130.1 eV/particle 150 eV/particle 173 eV/particle 195 eV/particle 218 eV/particle 305 eV/particle 329 eV/particle 358 eV/particle 385 eV/particle 421 eV/particle 452.55 eV/particle 513 eV/particle 546.19 eV/particle 963 eV/particle 1,026 eV/particle 1,095 eV/particle 1,167 eV/particle 1,237 eV/particle 1,320 eV/particle 1,400 eV/particle 1,477 eV/particle 1,558 eV/particle 1,635 eV/particle 1,852 eV/particle 1,917.9 eV/particle 1,997.9 eV/particle 2,091 eV/particle 2,195 eV/particle 2,250 eV/particle 2,427 eV/particle 2,498.615 eV/particle 5,839 eV/particle 6,039 eV/particle 6,257 eV/particle 6,460 eV/particle 6,870 eV/particle 7,109 eV/particle 7,414 eV/particle 7,607.945 eV/particle 31,451.06 eV/particle 32,341.49 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	59.1 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	6.11 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	111.8 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s²

Oxidation States	-2, 1, 2
Electronegativity	8.995 eV/particle 0.1504066 1.69
Electrophilicity Index
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,040.15 K
Melting Point	594.219 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Cadmium is a Silver. Cd has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #ffd98f, and MOLCAS GV of #ffd98f. The Appearance of Element 48 is silvery bluish-gray metallic.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #ffd98f #ffd98f
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	96.9 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000308 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	26.02 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.232 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	14 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000007000000000002 m Ω
Superconducting Point	0.517 K
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000023 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000259 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000199
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Cadmium is HEX. The lattice constant of Cd is 2.98 Å. The lattice angles of Element 48 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	2.98 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Cadmium has a Brinell of 203 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 2 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Cd is 42 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 48 is 19 GPa. The Young Modulus of Cadmium (Cd) is 50 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Cadmium is 0.3. The Speed of Sound of Cd is 2310 m/s.
Hardness	203 MPa 2 MPa
Bulk Modulus	42 GPa
Shear Modulus	19 GPa
Young's Modulus	50 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.3
Speed of Sound	2,310 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Cadmium is IIB. The IUPAC Group of Cd is IIB. The Glawe Number of Element 48 is 75. The Mendeleev Number of Cadmium (Cd) is 78. The Pettifor Number of Cadmium is 75. The Goldschmidt Class of Cd is chalcophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIB
IUPAC Group	IIB
Glawe Number	75
Mendeleev Number	78
Pettifor Number	75
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	chalcophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Cadmium is 46 plus or minus 2 a₀. Cd has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 405 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 48 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Cadmium (Cd) is 2450. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Cadmium is 1.4. The Quantum Numbers of Cd is 1S0. The Space Group of Element 48 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	46 ± 2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	405 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	2,450
Neutron Mass Absorption	1.4
Quantum Numbers	1S0
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Cadmium

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	39
Natural Isotopes	8

⁹⁴Cd

Mass Number	94
Neutron Number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	93.956586 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁹⁵Cd

Mass Number	95
Neutron Number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	94.949483 ± 0.000607 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	32 ± 3 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2011
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	4.6%

⁹⁶Cd

Mass Number	96
Neutron Number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	95.940341 ± 0.00044 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1,003 ± 47 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%

⁹⁷Cd

Mass Number	97
Neutron Number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	96.934799343 ± 0.000451073 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.16 ± 0.05 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.4%

⁹⁸Cd

Mass Number	98
Neutron Number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	97.927389315 ± 0.000055605 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.29 ± 0.1 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.029%

⁹⁹Cd

Mass Number	99
Neutron Number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	98.924925845 ± 0.0000017 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17 ± 1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.21%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	1%

¹⁰⁰Cd

Mass Number	100
Neutron Number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	99.920348829 ± 0.0000018 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	49.1 ± 0.5 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰¹Cd

Mass Number	101
Neutron Number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	100.918586209 ± 0.0000016 Da
G-Factor	-0.3588 ± 0.00016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.36 ± 0.05 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.177 ± 0.007
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰²Cd

Mass Number	102
Neutron Number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	101.914481797 ± 0.000001784 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.5 ± 0.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰³Cd

Mass Number	103
Neutron Number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	102.913416922 ± 0.000001943 Da
G-Factor	-0.33944 ± 0.00016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.3 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.007 ± 0.003
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁴Cd

Mass Number	104
Neutron Number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	103.909856228 ± 0.000001795 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	57.7 ± 1 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁵Cd

Mass Number	105
Neutron Number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	104.909463893 ± 0.000001494 Da
G-Factor	-0.29528 ± 0.00016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	55.5 ± 0.4 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.377 ± 0.015
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁶Cd

Mass Number	106
Neutron Number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	105.906459791 ± 0.000001184 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	1.245 ± 0.022
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁰⁷Cd

Mass Number	107
Neutron Number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	106.906612049 ± 0.000001782 Da
G-Factor	-0.24564 ± 0.00012
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.5 ± 0.02 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.6 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1946
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁸Cd

Mass Number	108
Neutron Number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	107.904183588 ± 0.000001205 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.888 ± 0.011
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁰⁹Cd

Mass Number	109
Neutron Number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	108.904986697 ± 0.000001649 Da
G-Factor	-0.33064 ± 0.00016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	461.3 ± 0.5 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.6 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹¹⁰Cd

Mass Number	110
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	109.90300747 ± 0.000000407 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	12.47 ± 0.061
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹¹¹Cd

Mass Number	111
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	110.904183776 ± 0.000000383 Da
G-Factor	-1.188 ± 0.0006
Abundance	12.795 ± 0.012
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹¹²Cd

Mass Number	112
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	111.902763896 ± 0.000000268 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	24.109 ± 0.007
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹¹³Cd

Mass Number	113
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	112.904408105 ± 0.000000262 Da
G-Factor	-1.2426 ± 0.0006
Abundance	12.227 ± 0.007
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.04 ± 0.05 Py
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Cd

Mass Number	114
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	113.903364998 ± 0.000000296 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	28.754 ± 0.081
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

¹¹⁵Cd

Mass Number	115
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	114.905437426 ± 0.000000699 Da
G-Factor	-1.2966 ± 0.0004
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	53.46 ± 0.05 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁶Cd

Mass Number	116
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	115.90476323 ± 0.000000172 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	7.512 ± 0.054
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	26.9 ± 0.9 Ey
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁷Cd

Mass Number	117
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	116.907226039 ± 0.000001087 Da
G-Factor	-1.485 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.503 ± 0.005 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁸Cd

Mass Number	118
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	117.906921956 ± 0.000021471 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	50.3 ± 0.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁹Cd

Mass Number	119
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	118.909847052 ± 0.000040467 Da
G-Factor	-1.8376 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.69 ± 0.02 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁰Cd

Mass Number	120
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	119.909868065 ± 0.000004 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	50.8 ± 0.21 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²¹Cd

Mass Number	121
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	120.91296366 ± 0.000002085 Da
G-Factor	0.41733333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.5 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²²Cd

Mass Number	122
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	121.91345905 ± 0.000002468 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.24 ± 0.03 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²³Cd

Mass Number	123
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	122.91689246 ± 0.000002894 Da
G-Factor	0.52566666666667 ± 0.00046666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.1 ± 0.02 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁴Cd

Mass Number	124
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	123.917659772 ± 0.0000028 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.25 ± 0.02 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁵Cd

Mass Number	125
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	124.92125759 ± 0.0000031 Da
G-Factor	0.57273333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	680 ± 40 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.209 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁶Cd

Mass Number	126
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	125.92243029 ± 0.000002473 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	512 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁷Cd

Mass Number	127
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	126.926203291 ± 0.000006656 Da
G-Factor	0.58473333333333 ± 0.00053333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	480 ± 100 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.239 ± 0.011
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²⁸Cd

Mass Number	128
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	127.927816778 ± 0.000006905 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	246 ± 2 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²⁹Cd

Mass Number	129
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	128.932235597 ± 0.0000057 Da
G-Factor	-0.12821818181818 ± 0.00010909090909091
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	147 ± 3 ms
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.132 ± 0.009
Discovery Year	2003
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹³⁰Cd

Mass Number	130
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	129.934387563 ± 0.000024 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	126.8 ± 1.8 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.5%

¹³¹Cd

Mass Number	131
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	130.94072774 ± 0.000020653 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	98 ± 2 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2000
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³²Cd

Mass Number	132
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	131.945823136 ± 0.000064485 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	84 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2000
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	60%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³³Cd

Mass Number	133
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	132.952614 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	61 ± 6 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³⁴Cd

Mass Number	134
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	133.957638 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	65 ± 15 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2015
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³⁵Cd

Mass Number	135
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	134.964766 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Cadmium was discovered by German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817 as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Stromeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine (zinc carbonate) changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. Cadmium was independently discovered by German chemist Karl Hermann in 1818. From the Latin word cadmia, Greek kadmeia - the ancient name for calamine, zinc carbonate

Discoverers	Fredrich Stromeyer
Discovery Location	Germany
Discovery Year	1817
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: kadmeia (ancient name for calamine (zinc oxide)).
Pronunciation	KAD-me-em (English)

Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic

Cadmium is a soft metal which is easily cut with a knife

Uses

Cadmium is a key component in battery production. It is also is used in electroplating. Cadmium oxide is used in black and white television phosphors and in the blue and green phosphors for color television picture tubes. Cadmium is used as a barrier to control neutrons in nuclear fission. Used in nickel-cadmium batteries. Also in electroplating steel and in the manufacture of berings. Its compounds are found in paint pigments and a wide variety of intense colors. Boiling cadmium gives off a weird, yellow-colored vapor that is poisonous.

Sources

Obtained as a by product of zinc refining.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.15 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00011 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)	0.00007 %
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000044 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000006 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9744
2	p	4.091
2	s	12.6142
3	d	14.3931
3	p	17.3085
3	s	17.1588
4	d	32.1232
4	p	28.5888
4	s	27.1308
5	s	39.808

Also Known As

Cd
element 48
48Cd

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålkadmium
GermanCadmium
Frenchcadmium
Italiancadmio
Dutchcadmium
Norwegian Nynorskkadmium
Swedishkadmium
Danishcadmium
Hungariankadmium
Polishkadm
Afrikaanskadmium
Amharicካድሚየም
AragoneseCadmio
Arabicكادميوم
AzerbaijaniKadmium
BelarusianКадмій
Bulgarianкадмий
Banglaক্যাডমিয়াম
BretonKadmiom
Bosniankadmij
Catalancadmi
CorsicanCadmiu
Czechkadmium
ChuvashКадми
WelshCadmiwm
Greekκάδμιο
Esperantokadmio
Spanishcadmio
Estoniankaadmium
Basquekadmio
Persianکادمیم
Finnishkadmium
FriulianCadmi
IrishCaidmiam
GalicianCadmio
ManxCadmium
Hakka Chinesecadmium
Hebrewקדמיום
Hindiकैडमियम
Fiji HindiCadmium
CroatianKadmij
Haitian CreoleKadmyòm
Armenianկադմիում
Interlinguacadmium
Indonesiankadmium
Idokadmio
Icelandickadmín
Japaneseカドミウム
Lojbanjinmrkadmu
JavaneseKadmium
Georgianკადმიუმი
KazakhКадмий
Kannadaಕ್ಯಾಡ್ಮಿಯಂ
Korean카드뮴
KurdishKadmiyûm
KomiКадмий
Latincadmium
LuxembourgishCadmium
LigurianCadmio
LithuanianKadmis
Latviankadmijs
MacedonianКадмиум
Malayalamകാഡ്മിയം
Marathiकॅडमियम
Western MariКадмий
MalayKadmium
Low GermanCadmium
OccitanCadmi
Punjabiਕੈਡਮੀਅਮ
Western Panjabiکیڈمیم
Portuguesecádmio
QuechuaKadmiyu
Romaniancadmiu
Russianкадмий
Siciliancadmiu
Serbo-CroatianKadmijum
Slovakkadmium
SlovenianKadmij
AlbanianKadmiumi
Serbianкадмијум
Saterland FrisianCadmium
SwahiliCadimi
Tamilகாட்மியம்
Thaiแคดเมียม
TurkishKadmiyum
UkrainianКадмій
Urduکیڈمیئم
UzbekKadmiy
VepsKadmii
Vietnamesecadmi
WarayCadmyo
KalmykКадмиум
Yiddishקאדמיום
YorubaKadmium
Chinese鎘
German (Switzerland)Cadmium
English (Canada)Cadmium
English (United Kingdom)cadmium
Portuguese (Brazil)cádmio
Cantonese鎘
CebuanoKadmyo
Central Kurdishکادمیۆم
Gujaratiકેડમિયમ
Serbian (Ecuador)кадмијум
Odiaକ୍ୟାଡ଼ମିଅମ
TatarКадмий
PiedmonteseCadmio
Scotscadmium
BashkirКадмий
SomaliKaadmiyaam
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)кадм
Teluguకాడ్మియం
Newariक्याड्मियम
AromanianCadmiu
LimburgishCadmium
KyrgyzКадмий
cdoGáik
FaroeseKadmium
Nepaliक्याड्मियम
Sanskritक्याड्मियम
LombardCadmio
Maltesekadmju
Scottish GaelicCadmium
TajikКадмий
Paliक्याड्मियम
Mongolianкадми
Min Nan ChineseCadmium
Bhojpuriकैडमियम
Tibetanཁེ་ཌི་ནིམ།
AsturianCadmiu
Literary Chinese鎘
TagalogKadmiyo
oloKadmii
kbpKadɩmɩyɔm
Lingua Franca Novacadmio
Wu Chinese镉
Northern FrisianKadmium
Chinese (Traditional)鎘
Chinese (Taiwan)鎘
Uyghurكادمىي
Chinese (Simplified)镉
SundaneseKadmium
SardinianCàdmiu
Burmeseကတ်မီယမ်
Moroccan Arabicكادميوم
Egyptian Arabicكادميوم
Pashtoکادميوم
CornishKadmiom
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鎘
Manipuriꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ
BalineseKadmium
BikolKadmyo
MalagasyKadmiôma
Skolt Samikadmium
Northern Samikadmium
Inari Samikadmium
GandaKadimiyaamu
Korean (North Korea)카드미움

Cadmium on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_1178
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011018
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3062
BNCF Thesaurus ID	21231
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11956626p
CAB ID	77907
CA PROP 65 ID	cadmium
CAS Registry Number	7440-43-9
CPV Supplementary	AA23
Canadian Encyclopedia article ID	cadmium
ChEBI ID	22977
ChemSpider ID	22410
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14751000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID303940
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID1023940
Den Store Danske ID	cadmium
DrugBank ID	14085
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.320
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	204030
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/cadmium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	cadmium
EuroVoc ID	3836
Freebase ID	/m/025tksd
GND ID	4009274-4
Golden ID	Cadmium-G5W3
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0086991
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2032091
HCIS ID	781
HCIS ID	782
HSDB ID	282
ICSC ID	0020
InChI	InChI=1S/Cd
InChIKey	BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Cadmium
KEGG ID	C01413
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/KADMI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85018635
MeSH descriptor ID	D002104
NDL Authority ID	00564385
NKCR AUT ID	ph121389
Namuwiki ID	카드뮴
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007293660605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	468
OpenAlex ID	C544657597
OpenAlex ID	C2909340425
PSH ID	5789
Probes And Drugs ID	PD085662
PubChem CID	23973
Quora topic ID	Cadmium-element
RKD thesaurus ID	74902
RxNorm ID	1362694
STW Thesaurus for Economics ID	18237-0
ScienceDirect topic ID	agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cadmium
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kadmium
Store norske leksikon ID	kadmium
Treccani ID	cadmio
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/7801
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	8913
UNBIS Thesaurus ID	1000770
UNII	00BH33GNGH
USGS Thesaurus ID	1417
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Cadmium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14656622-n
YSO ID	10160
ZVG number	8360
ZVG number	535087

Cadmium (Cd)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Cadmium

94Cd

95Cd

96Cd

97Cd

98Cd

99Cd

100Cd

101Cd

102Cd

103Cd

104Cd

105Cd

106Cd

107Cd

108Cd

109Cd

110Cd

111Cd

112Cd

113Cd

114Cd

115Cd

116Cd

117Cd

118Cd

119Cd

120Cd

121Cd

122Cd

123Cd

124Cd

125Cd

126Cd

127Cd

128Cd

129Cd

130Cd

131Cd

132Cd

133Cd

134Cd

135Cd