Galij[um] (Ga)

hemijski element sa simbolom Ga i atomskim brojem 31

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Weight	69.723
Maseni broj	69

Group	13
Period	4
Block	p

Proton	31 p⁺
Neutron	38 n⁰
Elektron	31 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of Ga (Galij[um])

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	130 pm 233 pm
Molarni volumen	11,8 cm³/mol
covalent radius	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
Ionski radijus	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Van der Waalsov radijus	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438,3 pm
gustoća	5,91 g/cm³ 6.095 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energija

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,43 eV/particle
ionization energy	5,9993018 eV/particle 20,51514 eV/particle 30,726 eV/particle 63,241 eV/particle 86,01 eV/particle 112,7 eV/particle 140,8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471,2 eV/particle 508,82 eV/particle 548,31 eV/particle 599,8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765,7 eV/particle 807,308 eV/particle 2.010 eV/particle 2.129 eV/particle 2.258 eV/particle 2.391 eV/particle 2.543,9 eV/particle 2.683 eV/particle 2.868 eV/particle 2.984,426 eV/particle 12.696,5569 eV/particle 13.239,488 eV/particle

Toplota isparavanja	270,3 kJ/mol
toplota topljenja	5,59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271,96 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 3

Valentni elektron	3 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

oksidacijsko stanje	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegativnost	10,39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0,927762651403701 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2.502,15 K
Melting Point	302,9146 K
critical pressure
Kritična temperatura
Trojna tačka	302,9166 K
appearance
boja	Silver #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
appearance	silver-white
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	28,1 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,373 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Specifična električna provodljivost	7,1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000014 Ω*m
Superprovodljivost	1,083 K
Magnetizam
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,0000177
magnetic ordering
Kirijeva tačka
Néel temperature
struktura
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
lattice constant	4,51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	60 MPa 1,5 MPa
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
Brzina zvuka	2.740 m/s
klasifikacija
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2,9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0015
Kvantni brojevi	2P1/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

Maseni broj	56
broj neutrona	25
Relative Atomic Mass	55,995878 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

Maseni broj	57
broj neutrona	26
Relative Atomic Mass	56,983457 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

Maseni broj	58
broj neutrona	27
Relative Atomic Mass	57,974729 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

Maseni broj	59
broj neutrona	28
Relative Atomic Mass	58,963757 ± 0,000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

Maseni broj	60
broj neutrona	29
Relative Atomic Mass	59,957498 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	72,4 ± 1,7 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

Maseni broj	61
broj neutrona	30
Relative Atomic Mass	60,949398861 ± 0,000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	165,9 ± 2,5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

Maseni broj	62
broj neutrona	31
Relative Atomic Mass	61,944189639 ± 0,000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	116,122 ± 0,021 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1978
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

Maseni broj	63
broj neutrona	32
Relative Atomic Mass	62,939294194 ± 0,0000014 Da
g-factor	0,097866666666667 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	32,4 ± 0,5 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,212 ± 0,014
datum otkrića	1965
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

Maseni broj	64
broj neutrona	33
Relative Atomic Mass	63,936840366 ± 0,000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,627 ± 0,012 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1953
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

Maseni broj	65
broj neutrona	34
Relative Atomic Mass	64,932734424 ± 0,000000849 Da
g-factor	1,182 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	15,133 ± 0,028 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,21 ± 0,015
datum otkrića	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

Maseni broj	66
broj neutrona	35
Relative Atomic Mass	65,931589766 ± 0,000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	9,304 ± 0,008 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

Maseni broj	67
broj neutrona	36
Relative Atomic Mass	66,928202276 ± 0,000001262 Da
g-factor	1,2329333333333 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	3,2617 ± 0,0004 d
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,197 ± 0,002
datum otkrića	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

Maseni broj	68
broj neutrona	37
Relative Atomic Mass	67,927980161 ± 0,000001535 Da
g-factor	0,01174 ± 0,00007
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	67,842 ± 0,016 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,0277 ± 0,0014
datum otkrića	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

Maseni broj	69
broj neutrona	38
Relative Atomic Mass	68,925573528 ± 0,000001285 Da
g-factor	1,3433466666667 ± 0,00004
natural abundance	60,108 ± 0,05
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,171 ± 0,002
datum otkrića	1923
parity	-

⁷⁰Ga

Maseni broj	70
broj neutrona	39
Relative Atomic Mass	69,926021914 ± 0,000001289 Da
g-factor	0,571 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21,14 ± 0,05 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,105 ± 0,007
datum otkrića	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

Maseni broj	71
broj neutrona	40
Relative Atomic Mass	70,924702554 ± 0,00000087 Da
g-factor	1,7068866666667 ± 0,00006
natural abundance	39,892 ± 0,05
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,107 ± 0,001
datum otkrića	1923
parity	-

⁷²Ga

Maseni broj	72
broj neutrona	41
Relative Atomic Mass	71,926367452 ± 0,000000878 Da
g-factor	-0,044046666666667 ± 0,0000066666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	14,025 ± 0,01 h
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,53 ± 0,006
datum otkrića	1939
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

Maseni broj	73
broj neutrona	42
Relative Atomic Mass	72,92517468 ± 0,0000018 Da
g-factor	0,13933333333333 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	4,86 ± 0,03 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1949
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

Maseni broj	74
broj neutrona	43
Relative Atomic Mass	73,926945725 ± 0,000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0,026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	8,12 ± 0,12 m
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,55 ± 0,04
datum otkrića	1956
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

Maseni broj	75
broj neutrona	44
Relative Atomic Mass	74,926504484 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	1,2233333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	126 ± 2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,285 ± 0,017
datum otkrića	1960
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

Maseni broj	76
broj neutrona	45
Relative Atomic Mass	75,928827624 ± 0,0000021 Da
g-factor	-0,4725 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	30,6 ± 0,6 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
datum otkrića	1961
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

Maseni broj	77
broj neutrona	46
Relative Atomic Mass	76,929154299 ± 0,0000026 Da
g-factor	1,3453333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	13,2 ± 0,2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,208 ± 0,013
datum otkrića	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

Maseni broj	78
broj neutrona	47
Relative Atomic Mass	77,931610854 ± 0,000001127 Da
g-factor	-0,607 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	5,09 ± 0,05 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
datum otkrića	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

Maseni broj	79
broj neutrona	48
Relative Atomic Mass	78,932851582 ± 0,000001296 Da
g-factor	0,69733333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,848 ± 0,003 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,158 ± 0,01
datum otkrića	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

Maseni broj	80
broj neutrona	49
Relative Atomic Mass	79,936420773 ± 0,000003103 Da
g-factor	0,006 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,9 ± 0,1 s
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,38 ± 0,02
datum otkrića	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

Maseni broj	81
broj neutrona	50
Relative Atomic Mass	80,938133841 ± 0,000003503 Da
g-factor	0,6984 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,217 ± 0,005 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,048 ± 0,008
datum otkrića	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

Maseni broj	82
broj neutrona	51
Relative Atomic Mass	81,943176531 ± 0,000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	600 ± 2 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

Maseni broj	83
broj neutrona	52
Relative Atomic Mass	82,9471203 ± 0,000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	310 ± 0,7 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

Maseni broj	84
broj neutrona	53
Relative Atomic Mass	83,952663 ± 0,000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	97,6 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1991
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

Maseni broj	85
broj neutrona	54
Relative Atomic Mass	84,957333 ± 0,00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	95,3 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

Maseni broj	86
broj neutrona	55
Relative Atomic Mass	85,963757 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	49 ± 2 ms
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1997
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

Maseni broj	87
broj neutrona	56
Relative Atomic Mass	86,969007 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	29 ± 4 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

Maseni broj	88
broj neutrona	57
Relative Atomic Mass	87,975963 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

historija

otkrivač ili izumitelj	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
mjesto otkrića	France
datum otkrića	1875
Etimologija	Latin: Gallia (France).
pronunciation	GAL-i-em (engleski)

izvor

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (okean)	0,00003 mg/L
natural abundance (ljudsko tijelo)
natural abundance (Meteoroidi)	0,00076 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Galij[um] on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3523
BNCF pojmovnik	69456
BNF kod	11955437j
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX536285
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	gallium
CAB ID	164018
CAS broj	7440-55-3
CPV Supplementary	AA29
ChEBI ID	49631
ChemSpider ID	4514603
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14762000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047661
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064696
Den Store Danske ID	gallium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.330
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	210921
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/gallium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	gallium
French Vikidia ID	Gallium
GND	4155859-5
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2341876
HSDB ID	6956
ID Quora teme	Gallium
ID na KBpediji	Gallium
InChIKey	GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChl	InChI=1S/Ga
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/GALLI.html
LCCN	sh85052848
MeSH ID	D005708
NALT ID	42220
NE.se ID	gallium
NKC identifikator	ph301361
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558076805171
National Library of Latvia ID	000302873
OmegaWiki određeno značenje	159177
OpenAlex ID	C550372918
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtp0jS51rXL1
PSH ID	5793
PubChem ID (CID)	5360835
RxNorm ID	1310124
Römpp online ID	RD-07-00102
Spanish Vikidia ID	Galio
Store norske leksikon ID	gallium
Treccani ID	gallio
UNII	CH46OC8YV4
USGS Thesaurus ID	1460
Web NDL autoriteti	00562254
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14662434-n
YSO ID	28650
ZVG broj	8260
broj na Freebaseu	/m/025rs35

Galij[um] (Ga)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

historija

izvor

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga