Gadolinium (Gd)

Gadolinium is the 64th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Gd and atomic number of 64. It has an atomic weight of 157.25 and a mass number of 158. Gadolinium has sixty-four protons and ninety-four neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-four electrons in six shells. It is located in group zero, period six and block f of the periodic table. Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Seven natural, stable isotopes are known in addition to eleven artificial isotopes. Gd-155 and Gd-157 and the best neutron absorbers of all elements. Gadolinium compounds are used in electronics. Discovered by J.C.G Marignac in 1880.

Atomic Number	64
Atomic Weight	157.25
Mass Number	158

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	64 p⁺
Neutrons	94 n⁰
Electrons	64 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	180 pm 277 pm
Molar Volume	19.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	169 pm 135 pm 132 pm 196 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	93.8 pm 100 pm 105.3 pm 110.7 pm
Crystal Radius	107.8 pm 114 pm 119.3 pm 124.7 pm
Van der Waals Radius	234 pm 271 pm 336.8 pm
Density	7.9 g/cm³ 7,400 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	6.149796 eV/particle 12.09 eV/particle 20.63 eV/particle 44 eV/particle 64.76 eV/particle 89 eV/particle 106 eV/particle 123 eV/particle 144 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 183 eV/particle 213 eV/particle 246 eV/particle 268 eV/particle 288 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 352 eV/particle 380 eV/particle 565 eV/particle 601 eV/particle 639 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 719 eV/particle 761 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 851 eV/particle 895 eV/particle 937 eV/particle 1,100 eV/particle 1,142 eV/particle 1,189 eV/particle 1,233 eV/particle 1,321 eV/particle 1,368 eV/particle 1,481 eV/particle 1,532.35 eV/particle 2,621 eV/particle 2,720 eV/particle 2,827 eV/particle 2,941 eV/particle 3,050 eV/particle 3,160 eV/particle 3,312 eV/particle 3,424 eV/particle 3,550 eV/particle 3,660 eV/particle 3,980 eV/particle 4,080 eV/particle 4,191 eV/particle 4,294 eV/particle 4,578 eV/particle 4,693 eV/particle 4,914 eV/particle 5,025 eV/particle 11,273 eV/particle 11,552 eV/particle 11,861 eV/particle 12,147 eV/particle 13,183 eV/particle 13,521 eV/particle 13,943 eV/particle 14,224.57 eV/particle 57,783.9 eV/particle 59,065.52 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	398 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	397.5 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2

Valence Electrons	2

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3
Electronegativity	0.1944 1.2
Electrophilicity
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,546.15 K
Melting Point	1,586.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Gadolinium is a Silver. Gd has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #45ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #45ffc7. The Appearance of Element 64 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #45ffc7 #45ffc7
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion	0.0000094 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	37.03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.236 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	0.77 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000013 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	ferromagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point	292 K
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Gadolinium is HEX. The lattice constant of Gd is 3.64 Å. The lattice angles of Element 64 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.64 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Gadolinium has a Vickers of 570 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Gd is 38 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 64 is 22 GPa. The Young Modulus of Gadolinium (Gd) is 55 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Gadolinium is 0.26. The Speed of Sound of Gd is 2680 m/s.
Hardness	570 MPa
Bulk Modulus	38 GPa
Shear Modulus	22 GPa
Young Modulus	55 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.26
Speed of Sound	2,680 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Gadolinium is 26. The Mendeleev Number of Gd is 27. The Pettifor Number of Element 64 is 27. The Geochemical Class of Gadolinium (Gd) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Gadolinium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	26
Mendeleev Number	27
Pettifor Number	27
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Gadolinium is 158 plus or minus 20 a₀. Gd has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2340 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 64 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Gadolinium (Gd) is 49000. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Gadolinium is 7.3. The Quantum Numbers of Gd is 9D2. The Space Group of Element 64 is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	158 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,340 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	49,000
Neutron Mass Absorption	7.3
Quantum Numbers	9D2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Gadolinium

Stable Isotopes	7
Unstable Isotopes	33
Radioactive Isotopes	34

¹³³Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.961288 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹³³Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁴Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.955416 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹³⁴Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁵Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.952496 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor
Half Life	1.1 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	+

¹³⁵Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	2%

¹³⁶Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.9473 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2000
Parity	+

¹³⁶Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁷Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.94502 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor
Half Life	2.2 ± 0.2 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity

¹³⁷Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁸Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.940247 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor	0
Half Life	4.7 ± 0.9 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

¹³⁸Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.93813 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor
Half Life	5.7 ± 0.3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	-

¹³⁹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴⁰Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.933674 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor	0
Half Life	15.8 ± 0.4 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	67%
ϵ (electron capture)	33%

¹⁴¹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.932126 ± 0.000021213 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor
Half Life	14 ± 4 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

¹⁴¹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.03%

¹⁴²Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.928116 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor	0
Half Life	70.2 ± 0.6 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

¹⁴²Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	52%
e⁺ (positron emission)	48%

¹⁴³Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.926750678 ± 0.000215032 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor
Half Life	39 ± 2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

¹⁴³Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	%

¹⁴⁴Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.922963 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor	0
Half Life	4.47 ± 0.06 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

¹⁴⁴Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁵Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.921710051 ± 0.000021165 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor
Half Life	23 ± 0.4 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

¹⁴⁵Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁶Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.918318513 ± 0.000004376 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor	0
Half Life	48.27 ± 0.09 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

¹⁴⁶Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁴⁷Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.919101014 ± 0.000002025 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor	0.29142857142857 ± 0.025714285714286
Half Life	38.06 ± 0.12 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹⁴⁷Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁸Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	147.918121414 ± 0.000001566 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor	0
Half Life	71.3 ± 1 y
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

¹⁴⁸Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹⁴⁹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.919347666 ± 0.000003553 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor	0.25142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	9.28 ± 0.1 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

¹⁴⁹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	4.3%

¹⁵⁰Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	149.918663949 ± 0.0000065 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.79 ± 0.08 My
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

¹⁵⁰Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹⁵¹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	150.920354922 ± 0.000003212 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor	0.22 ± 0.017142857142857
Half Life	123.9 ± 1 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

¹⁵¹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%
α (α emission)	1.1%

¹⁵²Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 0.2 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	151.919798414 ± 0.000001081 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor	0
Half Life	108 ± 8 Ty
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

¹⁵²Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹⁵³Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	152.921756945 ± 0.000001075 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor	0.25333333333333 ± 0.053333333333333
Half Life	240.6 ± 0.7 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

¹⁵³Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁴Gd

Abundance	2.18 ± 0.02
Relative Atomic Mass	153.920872974 ± 0.000001066 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

¹⁵⁵Gd

Abundance	14.8 ± 0.09
Relative Atomic Mass	154.922629356 ± 0.000001055 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor	-0.17273333333333 ± 0.00026666666666667
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.27 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	-

¹⁵⁶Gd

Abundance	20.47 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	155.92213012 ± 0.000001054 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁵⁷Gd

Abundance	15.65 ± 0.04
Relative Atomic Mass	156.923967424 ± 0.000001048 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor	-0.22653333333333 ± 0.0004
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.35 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	-

¹⁵⁸Gd

Abundance	24.84 ± 0.08
Relative Atomic Mass	157.9241112 ± 0.000001048 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁵⁹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	158.926395822 ± 0.000001051 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor	-0.29333333333333 ± 0.02
Half Life	18.479 ± 0.004 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

¹⁵⁹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁰Gd

Abundance	21.86 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	159.927061202 ± 0.000001206 Da
Mass Number	160
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁶⁰Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁶¹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	160.929676267 ± 0.000001614 Da
Mass Number	161
G-Factor
Half Life	3.646 ± 0.003 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

¹⁶¹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶²Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	161.930991812 ± 0.000004254 Da
Mass Number	162
G-Factor	0
Half Life	8.4 ± 0.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

¹⁶²Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶³Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	162.93409664 ± 0.000000855 Da
Mass Number	163
G-Factor
Half Life	68 ± 3 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

¹⁶³Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁴Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	163.935916193 ± 0.000001073 Da
Mass Number	164
G-Factor	0
Half Life	45 ± 3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

¹⁶⁴Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁵Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	164.93931708 ± 0.0000014 Da
Mass Number	165
G-Factor
Half Life	11.6 ± 1 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	-

¹⁶⁵Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁶Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	165.941630413 ± 0.0000017 Da
Mass Number	166
G-Factor	0
Half Life	5.1 ± 0.8 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	+

¹⁶⁶Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁷Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	166.945490012 ± 0.000005596 Da
Mass Number	167
G-Factor
Half Life	4.2 ± 0.3 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁶⁷Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁸Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	167.948309 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	168
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.03 ± 0.16 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

¹⁶⁸Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	168.952882 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	169
G-Factor
Half Life	750 ± 210 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁶⁹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷⁰Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	169.956146 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	170
G-Factor	0
Half Life	420 ± 130 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁷⁰Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷¹Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	170.961127 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	171
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁷¹Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷²Gd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	171.964605 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	172
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁷²Gd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who separated its oxide. He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite. The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886. From gadolinite, a mineral named for Gadolin, a Finnish chemist

Discoverers	Jean de Marignac
Discovery Location	Switzerland
Discovery Year	1880
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after the mineral gadolinite.
Pronunciation	GAD-eh-LIN-i-em (English)

Gadolinium is considered to be moderately toxic

Gadolinium has the highest neutron cross-section among any stable nuclides

Uses

Gadolinium is used to make gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications. It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs. Used in steel alloying agents and the manufacture of electronic components.

Sources

Found with other rare earths in gadolinite and monazite sand.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	6.2 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.0000007 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000023 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000002 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.2565
2	p	4.2946
2	s	16.783
3	d	13.723
3	p	19.8508
3	s	20.2903
4	d	34.3664
4	f	38.9864
4	p	31.3532
4	s	30.556
5	p	47.236
5	s	45.118
6	s	55.7854

Gadolinium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3522
CAS Registry Number	7440-54-2
ChEBI ID	33375
ChemSpider ID	22418
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID3017234
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID5037234
Den Store Danske ID	gadolinium
DrugBank ID	12091
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.329
Elhuyar ZTH ID	024379
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/gadolinium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	gadolinium
Freebase ID	/m/025rs3m
GND ID	4155786-4
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0110874
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2339174
HSDB ID	7536
InChI	InChI=1S/Gd
InChIKey	UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Gadolinium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85052688
MeSH descriptor ID	D005682
Namuwiki ID	가돌리늄
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007555550305171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	156576
OpenAlex ID	C557651011
PDB ligand ID	GD
PDB structure ID	1H87
PDB structure ID	3CQR
PDB structure ID	5FIS
PDB structure ID	4TWS
PDB structure ID	3ATB
PDB structure ID	3ZXS
PDB structure ID	3ATD
PDB structure ID	4AHY
PDB structure ID	4AHX
PDB structure ID	4AHZ
PDB structure ID	5F6T
PDB structure ID	4AHW
PDB structure ID	4DW0
PDB structure ID	5C6I
PDB structure ID	3ZTY
PDB structure ID	2HHM
PDB structure ID	5C6J
PDB structure ID	4AI2
PDB structure ID	4AI3
PDB structure ID	4AI0
PDB structure ID	4AI1
PDB structure ID	5KLF
PDB structure ID	4PHB
PDB structure ID	4L12
PDB structure ID	3H9V
PDB structure ID	3VDZ
PDB structure ID	4N5R
PDB structure ID	1IMA
PDB structure ID	1IMB
PDB structure ID	2YEU
PDB structure ID	2TRC
PDB structure ID	4D1O
PDB structure ID	1V8M
PDB structure ID	1ISR
PDB structure ID	5IWT
PDB structure ID	1B9Y
PDB structure ID	2P80
PDB structure ID	3AKC
PDB structure ID	4D1P
PDB structure ID	1B9X
PDB structure ID	3VX0
PDB structure ID	4X8I
PDB structure ID	5C6L
Probes And Drugs ID	PD058685
PubChem CID	23982
Quora topic ID	Gadolinium
RxNorm ID	1310171
Römpp online ID	RD-07-00021
Store norske leksikon ID	gadolinium
Treccani ID	gadolinio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	443891
UNII	AU0V1LM3JT
USGS Thesaurus ID	1459
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14662219-n
ZVG number	7640

Gadolinium (Gd)

Properties

Isotopes of Gadolinium

133Gd

133Gd Decay Modes

134Gd

134Gd Decay Modes

135Gd

135Gd Decay Modes

136Gd

136Gd Decay Modes

137Gd

137Gd Decay Modes

138Gd

138Gd Decay Modes

139Gd

139Gd Decay Modes

140Gd

140Gd Decay Modes

141Gd

141Gd Decay Modes

142Gd

142Gd Decay Modes

143Gd

143Gd Decay Modes

144Gd

144Gd Decay Modes

145Gd

145Gd Decay Modes

146Gd

146Gd Decay Modes

147Gd

147Gd Decay Modes

148Gd

148Gd Decay Modes

149Gd

149Gd Decay Modes

150Gd

150Gd Decay Modes

151Gd

151Gd Decay Modes

152Gd

152Gd Decay Modes

153Gd

153Gd Decay Modes

154Gd

155Gd

156Gd

157Gd

158Gd

159Gd

159Gd Decay Modes

160Gd

160Gd Decay Modes

161Gd

161Gd Decay Modes

162Gd

162Gd Decay Modes

163Gd

163Gd Decay Modes

164Gd

164Gd Decay Modes

165Gd

165Gd Decay Modes

166Gd

166Gd Decay Modes

167Gd

167Gd Decay Modes

168Gd

168Gd Decay Modes

169Gd

169Gd Decay Modes

170Gd

170Gd Decay Modes

171Gd

171Gd Decay Modes

172Gd

172Gd Decay Modes