Gadolinium

Gadolinium (Gd)

element with the atomic number of 64
Atomic Number64
Atomic Weight157.25
mass number158
Group
Period6
Blockf
proton64 p+
neutron94 n0
electron64 e-
Animated Bohr model of Gd (Gadolinium)

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Atomic Radius
molar volume
covalent radius
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals radius
density
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Gadolinium0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

energy
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
ionization energy of Gd (Gadolinium)
enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
electron
electron shell2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Bohr model: Gd (Gadolinium)
valence electron2
Lewis structure: Gd (Gadolinium)
electron configuration[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f7 5d1 6s2
Enhanced Bohr model of Gd (Gadolinium)
Orbital Diagram of Gd (Gadolinium)
oxidation number0, 1, 2, 3
electronegativity
1.2
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
Melting Point
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
color
Silver
appearancesilvery white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
electrical resistivity
superconductivity
magnetism
typeferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
0.26
speed of sound
classification
CategoryLanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number26
Mendeleev Number27
Pettifor Number27
Geochemical Classrare earth & related
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
49,000
Neutron Mass Absorption
7.3
quantum number9D2
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Gadolinium

Stable Isotopes5
Unstable Isotopes35
Natural Isotopes7
Isotopic Composition15824.84%15824.84%16021.86%16021.86%15620.47%15620.47%15514.80%15514.80%15715.65%15715.65%1542.18%1542.18%1520.20%1520.20%

133Gd

mass number133
neutron number69
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

134Gd

mass number134
neutron number70
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

135Gd

mass number135
neutron number71
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.1 ± 0.2 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1996
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)2%

136Gd

mass number136
neutron number72
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2000
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

137Gd

mass number137
neutron number73
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.2 ± 0.2 s
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1999
parity

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

138Gd

mass number138
neutron number74
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4.7 ± 0.9 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1985
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

139Gd

mass number139
neutron number75
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
5.7 ± 0.3 s
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1983
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

140Gd

mass number140
neutron number76
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
15.8 ± 0.4 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1985
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
e+ (positron emission)67%
ϵ (electron capture)33%

141Gd

mass number141
neutron number77
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
14 ± 4 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1986
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.03%

142Gd

mass number142
neutron number78
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
70.2 ± 0.6 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1986
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
ϵ (electron capture)52%
e+ (positron emission)48%

143Gd

mass number143
neutron number79
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
39 ± 2 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1975
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)

144Gd

mass number144
neutron number80
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4.47 ± 0.06 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1968
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

145Gd

mass number145
neutron number81
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
23 ± 0.4 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1959
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

146Gd

mass number146
neutron number82
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
48.27 ± 0.09 d
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1957
parity+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

147Gd

mass number147
neutron number83
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.29142857142857 ± 0.025714285714286
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
38.06 ± 0.12 h
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1957
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

148Gd

mass number148
neutron number84
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
71.3 ± 1 y
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1953
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

149Gd

mass number149
neutron number85
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.25142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
9.28 ± 0.1 d
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1951
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)4.3%

150Gd

mass number150
neutron number86
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.79 ± 0.08 My
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1953
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

151Gd

mass number151
neutron number87
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.22 ± 0.017142857142857
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
123.9 ± 1 d
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1950
parity-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%
α (α emission)1.1%

152Gd

mass number152
neutron number88
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
0.2 ± 0.03
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
108 ± 8 Ty
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1938
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

153Gd

mass number153
neutron number89
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.25333333333333 ± 0.053333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
240.6 ± 0.7 d
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1947
parity-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

154Gd

mass number154
neutron number90
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
2.18 ± 0.02
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1938
parity+

155Gd

mass number155
neutron number91
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0.17273333333333 ± 0.00026666666666667
natural abundance
14.8 ± 0.09
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1.27 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention1933
parity-

156Gd

mass number156
neutron number92
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
20.47 ± 0.03
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
parity+

157Gd

mass number157
neutron number93
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0.22653333333333 ± 0.0004
natural abundance
15.65 ± 0.04
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1.35 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention1933
parity-

158Gd

mass number158
neutron number94
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
24.84 ± 0.08
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
parity+

159Gd

mass number159
neutron number95
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0.29333333333333 ± 0.02
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
18.479 ± 0.004 h
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1949
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

160Gd

mass number160
neutron number96
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
21.86 ± 0.03
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
parity+

decay modeintensity
(double β decay)

161Gd

mass number161
neutron number97
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.646 ± 0.003 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1949
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

162Gd

mass number162
neutron number98
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
8.4 ± 0.2 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1967
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

163Gd

mass number163
neutron number99
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
68 ± 3 s
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1982
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

164Gd

mass number164
neutron number100
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
45 ± 3 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1988
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

165Gd

mass number165
neutron number101
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
11.6 ± 1 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1998
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

166Gd

mass number166
neutron number102
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
5.1 ± 0.8 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2005
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

167Gd

mass number167
neutron number103
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4.2 ± 0.3 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2012
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

168Gd

mass number168
neutron number104
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.03 ± 0.16 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1985
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

169Gd

mass number169
neutron number105
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
750 ± 210 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2012
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

170Gd

mass number170
neutron number106
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
420 ± 130 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2012
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

171Gd

mass number171
neutron number107
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2018
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

172Gd

mass number172
neutron number108
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2018
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
Gadolinium

kōrero nehe

discoverer or inventorJean de Marignac
location of discoverySwitzerland
time of discovery or invention1880
etymologyNamed after the mineral gadolinite.
pronunciationGAD-eh-LIN-i-em (Ingarihi)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (Moana nui)
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)
0.000023 %
natural abundance (Te Rā)
0.0000002 %
Abundance in Universe
0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.2565
2p4.2946
2s16.783
3d13.723
3p19.8508
3s20.2903
4d34.3664
4f38.9864
4p31.3532
4s30.556
5p47.236
5s45.118
6s55.7854