Atomic Number | 1 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 1.008 |
Mass Number | 1 |
Group | 1 |
---|---|
Period | 1 |
Block | s |
Protons | 1 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 0 n0 |
Electrons | 1 e- |
Atomic Radius | 25 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 14.1 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 32 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | -38 pm
|
Crystal Radius | -24 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
110 pm
|
Density | 0.000082 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.754195 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 13.598434005136 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 0.904 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 0.117 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 217.998 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 |
Electron Configuration | 1s1 |
Oxidation States | -1, 1 |
Electronegativity | 2.2
|
Electrophilicity | 2.00476999140139 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Gas |
Gas Phase | Diatomic |
Boiling Point | 20.271 K
|
Melting Point | 13.99 K
|
Critical Pressure | 1.2858 MPa
|
Critical Temperature | 32.938 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Colorless
|
Appearance | colorless gas |
Refractive Index | 1.000132
|
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 0.1815 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | 28.836 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 14.304 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | 7/5 |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000248 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.00000000004999 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.00000000223
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.75 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | 1,270 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Other nonmetals, Nonmetals |
CAS Group | IA |
IUPAC Group | IA |
Glawe Number | 103 |
Mendeleev Number | 105 |
Pettifor Number | 103 |
Geochemical Class | volatile |
Goldschmidt Class | atmophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 6.499026705 a₀
|
Allotropes | Dihydrogen |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.332
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011
|
Quantum Numbers | 2S1/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 5 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 5 |
Abundance | 99.9855 ± 0.0078
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 1 |
G-Factor | 5.585694702 ± 0.000000018
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 0.0145 ± 0.0078
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 2 |
G-Factor | 0.857438231 ± 0.000000005
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1932 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 3 |
G-Factor | 5.95792492 ± 0.000000028
|
Half Life | 12.32 ± 0.02 y
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 4 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 139 ± 10 ys
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 5 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 86 ± 6 ys
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2n (2-neutron emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 6 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 294 ± 67 ys
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1984 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) | % |
3n (3-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 7 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 652 ± 558 ys
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2003 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Henry Cavendish was the first to distinguish hydrogen from other gases in 1766 when he prepared it by reacting hydrochloric acid with zinc. In 1670, English scientist Robert Boyle had observed its production by reacting strong acids with metals. French scientist Antoine Lavoisier later named the element hydrogen in 1783. From the Greek word hydro (water), and genes (forming)
Discoverers | Henry Cavendish |
---|---|
Discovery Location | England |
Discovery Year | 1766 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: hydro (water) and genes (generate) |
Pronunciation | HI-dreh-jen (English) |
Commercial quantities are produced by reacting superheated steam with methane or carbon. In lab work from reaction of metals with acid solutions or electrolysis.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 1,400 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | 108,000 mg/L
|
Abundance in Human Body | 10 %
|
Abundance in Meteor | 2.4 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 75 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 75 %
|
1 | s | 0 |