Hafnium (Hf)

Hafnium is the 72nd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Hf and atomic number of 72. It has an atomic weight of 178.49 and a mass number of 180. Hafnium has seventy-two protons and one hundred eight neutrons in its nucleus, and seventy-two electrons in six shells. It is located in group four, period six and block d of the periodic table. Silvery lustrous metallic transition element. Used in tungsten alloys in filaments and electrodes, also acts as a neutron absorber. First reported by Urbain in 1911, existence was finally established in 1923 by D. Coster, G.C. de Hevesy in 1923.

Atomic Number	72
Atomic Weight	178.49
Mass Number	180

Group	4
Period	6
Block	d

Protons	72 p⁺
Neutrons	108 n⁰
Electrons	72 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	155 pm 264 pm
Molar Volume	13.6 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	152 pm 128 pm 122 pm 175 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 159 pm
Ionic Radius	58 pm 71 pm 76 pm 83 pm
Crystal Radius	72 pm 85 pm 90 pm 97 pm
Van der Waals Radius	225 pm 223 pm 253 pm 314.1 pm
Density	13.3 g/cm³ 12,000 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.014 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	6.82507 eV/particle 15 eV/particle 23.28 eV/particle 33.37 eV/particle 68.375 eV/particle 98 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 157 eV/particle 187 eV/particle 209 eV/particle 230 eV/particle 270 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 334 eV/particle 359 eV/particle 399 eV/particle 440 eV/particle 481 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 560 eV/particle 610 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 730 eV/particle 772 eV/particle 1,002 eV/particle 1,047 eV/particle 1,094 eV/particle 1,146 eV/particle 1,195 eV/particle 1,245 eV/particle 1,311 eV/particle 1,362 eV/particle 1,417 eV/particle 1,467 eV/particle 1,669 eV/particle 1,719 eV/particle 1,776 eV/particle 1,827 eV/particle 1,963 eV/particle 2,022 eV/particle 2,159 eV/particle 2,218.9 eV/particle 3,741 eV/particle 3,858 eV/particle 3,984 eV/particle 4,118 eV/particle 4,246 eV/particle 4,372 eV/particle 4,573 eV/particle 4,703 eV/particle 4,846 eV/particle 4,980 eV/particle 5,350 eV/particle 5,468 eV/particle 5,595 eV/particle 5,713 eV/particle 6,149 eV/particle 6,284 eV/particle 6,545 eV/particle 6,674 eV/particle 14,678 eV/particle 14,999 eV/particle 15,351 eV/particle 15,680 eV/particle 17,280 eV/particle 17,680 eV/particle 18,180 eV/particle 18,502.32 eV/particle 74,565.93 eV/particle 76,077.8 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	575 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	25.1 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	618.4 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

Oxidation States	-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	6.83 eV/particle 0.229987 1.3
Electrophilicity Index	0.8583981383413326 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	4,873.15 K
Melting Point	2,506.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Hafnium is a Gray. Hf has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #4dc2ff, and MOLCAS GV of #4dc2ff. The Appearance of Element 72 is steel gray.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #4dc2ff #4dc2ff
Appearance	steel gray
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	23 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000059 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.73 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.144 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	3.3 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000003 Ω*m
Superconducting Point	0.128 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000053 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000946 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0000705
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Hafnium is HEX. The lattice constant of Hf is 3.2 Å. The lattice angles of Element 72 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.2 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Hafnium has a Brinell of 1700 MPa, Mohs hardness of 5.5 MPa, and Vickers of 1760 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Hf is 110 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 72 is 30 GPa. The Young Modulus of Hafnium (Hf) is 78 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Hafnium is 0.37. The Speed of Sound of Hf is 3010 m/s.
Hardness	1,700 MPa 5.5 MPa 1,760 MPa
Bulk Modulus	110 GPa
Shear Modulus	30 GPa
Young's Modulus	78 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.37
Speed of Sound	3,010 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Hafnium is IVA. The IUPAC Group of Hf is IVB. The Glawe Number of Element 72 is 50. The Mendeleev Number of Hafnium (Hf) is 45. The Pettifor Number of Hafnium is 50. The Geochemical Class of Hf is high field strength. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 72 is litophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	IVA
IUPAC Group	IVB
Glawe Number	50
Mendeleev Number	45
Pettifor Number	50
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Hafnium is 103 plus or minus 6 a₀. Hf has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 1040 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 72 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Hafnium (Hf) is 104. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Hafnium is 0.02. The Quantum Numbers of Hf is 3F2. The Space Group of Element 72 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	103 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1,040 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	104
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.02
Quantum Numbers	3F2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Hafnium

Stable Isotopes	5
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	6

¹⁵³Hf

Mass Number	153
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	152.970692 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2000
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁴Hf

Mass Number	154
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	153.964863 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2 ± 1 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁵⁵Hf

Mass Number	155
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	154.963167 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	843 ± 30 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁵⁶Hf

Mass Number	156
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	155.959399083 ± 0.000160752 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23 ± 1 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁷Hf

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	156.958288 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	115 ± 1 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	14%

¹⁵⁸Hf

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	157.954801217 ± 0.00001878 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.85 ± 0.07 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	55.7%
α (α emission)	44.3%

¹⁵⁹Hf

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	158.953995837 ± 0.000018049 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.2 ± 0.1 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	65%
α (α emission)	35%

¹⁶⁰Hf

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	159.950682728 ± 0.000010241 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.6 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.3%
α (α emission)	0.7%

¹⁶¹Hf

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	160.950277927 ± 0.000025174 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.71%
α (α emission)	0.29%

¹⁶²Hf

Mass Number	162
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	161.947215526 ± 0.00000961 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	39.4 ± 0.9 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.992%
α (α emission)	0.008%

¹⁶³Hf

Mass Number	163
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	162.947107211 ± 0.000027582 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	40 ± 0.6 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁶⁴Hf

Mass Number	164
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	163.944370709 ± 0.000016975 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	111 ± 8 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁵Hf

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	164.944567 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	76 ± 4 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁶Hf

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	165.94218 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.77 ± 0.3 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁷Hf

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	166.9426 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.05 ± 0.05 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁸Hf

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	167.940568 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	25.95 ± 0.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	98%
e⁺ (positron emission)	2%

¹⁶⁹Hf

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	168.941259 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.24 ± 0.04 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁰Hf

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	169.939609 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	16.01 ± 0.13 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷¹Hf

Mass Number	171
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	170.940492 ± 0.000031 Da
G-Factor	-0.19257142857143 ± 0.0034285714285714
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	12.1 ± 0.4 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.46 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²Hf

Mass Number	172
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	171.939449716 ± 0.000026224 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.87 ± 0.03 y
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷³Hf

Mass Number	173
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	172.940513 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	1.004 ± 0.014
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.6 ± 0.1 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴Hf

Mass Number	174
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	173.940048377 ± 0.000002425 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.16 ± 0.12
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2 ± 0.4 Py
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁷⁵Hf

Mass Number	175
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	174.941511424 ± 0.00000245 Da
G-Factor	-0.2708 ± 0.0036
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	70.65 ± 0.19 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.72 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁶Hf

Mass Number	176
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	175.941409797 ± 0.000001591 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	5.26 ± 0.7
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁷⁷Hf

Mass Number	177
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	176.943230187 ± 0.000001514 Da
G-Factor	0.226 ± 0.00025714285714286
Abundance	18.6 ± 0.16
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.37 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	-

¹⁷⁸Hf

Mass Number	178
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	177.943708322 ± 0.000001519 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	27.28 ± 0.28
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁷⁹Hf

Mass Number	179
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	178.945825705 ± 0.00000152 Da
G-Factor	-0.14197777777778 ± 0.00031111111111111
Abundance	13.62 ± 0.11
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.79 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁸⁰Hf

Mass Number	180
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	179.946559537 ± 0.000001525 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	35.08 ± 0.33
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁸¹Hf

Mass Number	181
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	180.949110834 ± 0.000001527 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	42.39 ± 0.06 d
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸²Hf

Mass Number	182
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	181.950563684 ± 0.000006619 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.9 ± 0.09 My
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸³Hf

Mass Number	183
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	182.953533203 ± 0.000032251 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.018 ± 0.002 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁴Hf

Mass Number	184
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	183.955448507 ± 0.000042625 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.12 ± 0.05 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁵Hf

Mass Number	185
Neutron Number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	184.958862 ± 0.000069 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.6 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁶Hf

Mass Number	186
Neutron Number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	185.960897 ± 0.000055 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.6 ± 1.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁷Hf

Mass Number	187
Neutron Number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	186.964573 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁸Hf

Mass Number	188
Neutron Number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	187.966903 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁹Hf

Mass Number	189
Neutron Number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	188.970853 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰Hf

Mass Number	190
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	189.973376 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

History

In 1911, Georges Urbain claimed to have found the element in rare-earth residues which was shown later to be a mixture of already discovered lanthanides. Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922. Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924. From Hafinia, the Latin name for Copenhagen

Discoverers	Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
Discovery Location	Denmark
Discovery Year	1923
Etymology (Name Origin)	From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
Pronunciation	HAF-ni-em (English)

Hafnium is considered to be non-toxic

In powdered form, hafnium is pyrophoric and can ignite spontaneously in air

Uses

Hafnium oxide-based compounds are being introduced into silicon-based chips to produce smaller, more energy efficient and performance packed processors. Most of the hafnium produced is used in the production of control rods for nuclear reactors. Hafnium is also used in photographic flash bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic equipment as cathodes and capacitors. Used in reactor control rods because of its ability to absorb neutrons.

Sources

Obtained from mineral zircon or baddeleyite.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	3 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.000007 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000017 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.3984
2	p	4.4012
2	s	18.8102
3	d	13.5702
3	p	21.0168
3	s	21.6885
4	d	36.476
4	f	39.7904
4	p	34.0704
4	s	33.0228
5	d	55.3805
5	p	52.415
5	s	50.167
6	s	62.8356

Also Known As

Hf
element 72
72Hf

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålhafnium
Frenchhafnium
Italianafnio
Norwegian Nynorskhafnium
Danishhafnium
Swedishhafnium
GermanHafnium
Hungarianhafnium
Polishhafn
Afrikaanshafnium
Amharicሀፍኒየም
Aragonesehafnio
Arabicهافنيوم
Azerbaijanihafnium
Belarusianгафній
Bulgarianхафний
Banglaহ্যাফনিয়াম
Bretonhafniom
Bosnianhafnij
Catalanhafni
Corsicanafniu
Czechhafnium
Chuvashгафни
Welshhafniwm
Greekάφνιο
Esperantohafnio
Spanishhafnio
Estonianhafnium
Basquehafnio
Persianهافنیم
Finnishhafnium
Friulianafni
Irishhaifniam
Galicianhafnio
Manxhafnium
Hakka Chinesehafnium
Hebrewהפניום
Fiji HindiHafnium
Croatianhafnij
Armenianհաֆնիում
Interlinguahafnium
Indonesianhafnium
Idohafnio
Icelandichafnín
Japaneseハフニウム
Lojbanjinmrxafni
Javanesehafnium
Georgianჰაფნიუმი
Kazakhгафний
Korean하프늄
Kurdishhafniyûm
Komiгафний
Latinhafnium
LuxembourgishHafnium
Ligurianafnio
Lithuanianhafnis
Latvianhafnijs
Malayalamഹാഫ്നിയം
Marathiहाफ्नियम
Western Mariгафний
Malayhafnium
Low GermanHafnium
Dutchhafnium
OccitanAfni
Western Panjabiہافنیم
Portugueseháfnio
QuechuaHafniyu
Romanianhafniu
Russianгафний
Sicilianafniu
Serbo-CroatianHafnijum
Slovakhafnium
Slovenianhafnij
AlbanianHafniumi
Serbianхафнијум
Saterland FrisianHafnium
SwahiliHafni
Tamilஆஃபினியம்
Thaiแฮฟเนียม
Turkishhafniyum
Uyghurگافنىي
Ukrainianгафній
Urduہفنیئم
VepsGafnii
Vietnamesehafni
WarayHafnyo
KalmykГафниум
YorubaHafnium
Chinese鉿
Cebuanohafnyo
Macedonianхафниум
Central Kurdishھافنیۆم
Odiaହାଫ୍‌ନିଅମ
Gujaratiહાફનીયમ
Punjabiਹਾਫ਼ਨੀਅਮ
TatarГафний
PiedmonteseAfnio
Scotshafnium
SomaliHaafniyaam
Cantonese鉿
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)гафн
UzbekGafniy
Chinese (China)铪
Chinese (Simplified)铪
Chinese (Traditional)鉿
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鉿
Chinese (Taiwan)鉿
AromanianHafniu
Kannadaಹಾಫ್ನಿಯಮ್
Kyrgyzгафний
Limburgishhafnium
Sanskritहाफ्नियम
Hindiहाफ्नियम
Newariहाफ्नियम
Nepaliहाफ्नियम
Malteseħafnju
Lombardafnio
Scottish Gaelichafnium
Paliहाफ्नियम
Teluguహాఫ్నియం
cdohafnium
Min Nan ChineseHafnium
Bhojpuriहाफ्नियम
SundaneseHafnium
Asturianhafniu
Portuguese (Brazil)háfnio
Tajikгафний
Tibetanཧབ་ནིམ།
Literary Chinese鉿
TagalogHapniyo
kbphafɩnɩyɔm
Mongolianгафни
Lingua Franca Novahafnio
Northern Frisianhafnium
oloGafnii
Volapükhafnin
Wu Chinese铪
SardinianÀfniu
Burmeseဟက်ဖ်နီယမ်
Moroccan Arabicهافنيوم
BashkirГафний
Pashtoهافنيوم
Egyptian Arabicهافنيوم
CornishHafniom
BalineseHafnium
KotavaXafnel
BikolHapnyo
Korean (North Korea)하프니움

Hafnium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3526
CAS Registry Number	7440-58-6
CPV Supplementary	AA25
ChEBI ID	33343
ChemSpider ID	22422
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14753000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047663
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064698
Den Store Danske ID	hafnium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.333
Elhuyar ZTH ID	024890
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/hafnium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	hafnium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	zirconium-et-hafnium
Freebase ID	/m/025rtjj
GND ID	4158734-0
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2346246
HSDB ID	552
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0029201
ICSC ID	0847
InChI	InChI=1S/Hf
InChIKey	VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Hafnium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85058238
MeSH descriptor ID	D006195
NALT ID	44295
NDL Authority ID	00562767
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007545701705171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	159925
OpenAlex ID	C546638069
PSH ID	5762
PubChem CID	23986
Quora topic ID	Hafnium
RxNorm ID	1534767
Store norske leksikon ID	hafnium
Treccani ID	afnio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	509495
UNII	X71938L1DO
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14663734-n
ZVG number	7720
Zhihu topic ID	20042597

Hafnium (Hf)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Hafnium

153Hf

154Hf

155Hf

156Hf

157Hf

158Hf

159Hf

160Hf

161Hf

162Hf

163Hf

164Hf

165Hf

166Hf

167Hf

168Hf

169Hf

170Hf

171Hf

172Hf

173Hf

174Hf

175Hf

176Hf

177Hf

178Hf

179Hf

180Hf

181Hf

182Hf

183Hf

184Hf

185Hf

186Hf

187Hf

188Hf

189Hf

190Hf