Holmium (Ho)

Holmium is the 67th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Ho and atomic number of 67. It has an atomic weight of 164.93033 and a mass number of 165. Holmium has sixty-seven protons and ninety-eight neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-seven electrons in six shells. It is located in group zero, period six and block f of the periodic table. Relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metallic element, which is stable in dry air at room temperature. It oxidizes in moist air and at high temperatures. It belongs to the lanthanoids. A rare-earth metal, it is found in the minerals monazite and gadolinite. It possesses unusual magnetic properties. One natural isotope, Ho-165 exists, six radioisotopes exist, the most stable being Ho-163 with a half-life of 4570 years. Holmium is used in some metal alloys, it is also said to stimulate the metabolism. Discovered by Per Theodor Cleve and J.L. Soret in Switzerland in 1879. The name homium comes from the Greek word Holmia which means Sweden. While all holmium compounds should be considered highly toxic, initial evidence seems to indicate that they do not pose much danger. The metal's dust however, is a fire hazard.

Atomic Number	67
Atomic Weight	164.93033
Mass Number	165

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	67 p⁺
Neutrons	98 n⁰
Electrons	67 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	175 pm 273 pm
Molar Volume	18.7 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	166 pm 133 pm 192 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	90.1 pm 101.5 pm 107.2 pm 112 pm
Crystal Radius	104.1 pm 115.5 pm 121.2 pm 126 pm
Van der Waals Radius	230 pm 267 pm 340.9 pm
Density	8.8 g/cm³ 8,340 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	6.0215 eV/particle 11.8 eV/particle 22.84 eV/particle 42.5 eV/particle 63.93 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 112 eV/particle 129 eV/particle 155 eV/particle 174 eV/particle 196 eV/particle 229 eV/particle 263 eV/particle 284 eV/particle 305 eV/particle 340 eV/particle 373 eV/particle 408 eV/particle 441 eV/particle 475 eV/particle 510 eV/particle 715 eV/particle 755 eV/particle 797 eV/particle 842 eV/particle 885 eV/particle 929 eV/particle 985 eV/particle 1,029 eV/particle 1,077 eV/particle 1,122 eV/particle 1,300 eV/particle 1,346 eV/particle 1,395 eV/particle 1,443 eV/particle 1,545 eV/particle 1,598 eV/particle 1,719 eV/particle 1,773.57 eV/particle 3,018 eV/particle 3,125 eV/particle 3,238 eV/particle 3,359 eV/particle 3,476 eV/particle 3,592 eV/particle 3,760 eV/particle 3,880 eV/particle 4,009 eV/particle 4,131 eV/particle 4,469 eV/particle 4,576 eV/particle 4,693 eV/particle 4,802 eV/particle 5,135 eV/particle 5,258 eV/particle 5,494 eV/particle 5,611 eV/particle 12,495 eV/particle 12,790 eV/particle 13,116 eV/particle 13,417 eV/particle 14,639 eV/particle 14,998 eV/particle 15,448 eV/particle 15,745.77 eV/particle 63,772.42 eV/particle 65,136.8 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	301 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	300.6 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 2, 3
Electronegativity	0.207795 1.23
Electrophilicity
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	2,973.15 K
Melting Point	1,745.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Holmium is a Silver. Ho has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #00ff9c, and MOLCAS GV of #00ff9c. The Appearance of Element 67 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #00ff9c #00ff9c
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion	0.0000112 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.15 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.165 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.1 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000094 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000549 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000905467 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0482845
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point	20 K
Neel Point	132 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Holmium is HEX. The lattice constant of Ho is 3.58 Å. The lattice angles of Element 67 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.58 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Holmium has a Brinell of 746 MPa, and Vickers of 481 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ho is 40 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 67 is 26 GPa. The Young Modulus of Holmium (Ho) is 65 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Holmium is 0.23. The Speed of Sound of Ho is 2760 m/s.
Hardness	746 MPa 481 MPa
Bulk Modulus	40 GPa
Shear Modulus	26 GPa
Young Modulus	65 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.23
Speed of Sound	2,760 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Holmium is 23. The Mendeleev Number of Ho is 33. The Pettifor Number of Element 67 is 24. The Geochemical Class of Holmium (Ho) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Holmium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	23
Mendeleev Number	33
Pettifor Number	24
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Holmium is 156 plus or minus 10 a₀. Ho has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2280 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 67 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Holmium (Ho) is 64. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Holmium is 0.015. The Quantum Numbers of Ho is 4I15/2. The Space Group of Element 67 is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	156 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,280 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	64
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.015
Quantum Numbers	4I15/2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Holmium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	38
Radioactive Isotopes	38

¹⁴⁰Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.968526 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor
Half Life	6 ± 3 ms
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴¹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.963108 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor
Half Life	4.1 ± 0.1 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	-

¹⁴¹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴²Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.96001 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor
Half Life	400 ± 100 ms
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2001
Parity	-

¹⁴²Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
p (proton emission)	0%

¹⁴³Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.95486 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2000
Parity	-

¹⁴³Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴⁴Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.952109712 ± 0.0000091 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor
Half Life	700 ± 100 ms
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	-

¹⁴⁴Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴⁵Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.947267392 ± 0.000008 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor
Half Life	2.4 ± 0.1 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	-

¹⁴⁵Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁶Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.944993503 ± 0.000007071 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor
Half Life	3.32 ± 0.22 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	-

¹⁴⁶Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴⁷Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.940142293 ± 0.000005368 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor
Half Life	5.8 ± 0.4 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	-

¹⁴⁷Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁸Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	147.937743925 ± 0.00009 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor
Half Life	2.2 ± 1.1 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

¹⁴⁸Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.933820457 ± 0.000012866 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor
Half Life	21.1 ± 0.2 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	-

¹⁴⁹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁰Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	149.933498353 ± 0.000015209 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor
Half Life	76.8 ± 1.8 s
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity

¹⁵⁰Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵¹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	150.931698176 ± 0.000008908 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor
Half Life	35.2 ± 0.1 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁵¹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88%
α (α emission)	22%

¹⁵²Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	151.931717618 ± 0.000013449 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor	-0.51 ± 0.01
Half Life	161.8 ± 0.3 s
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁵²Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88%
α (α emission)	12%

¹⁵³Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	152.930206671 ± 0.000005438 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor	1.2345454545455 ± 0.0090909090909091
Half Life	2.01 ± 0.03 m
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment	-1.1 ± 0.5
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁵³Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.949%
α (α emission)	0.051%

¹⁵⁴Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	153.930606776 ± 0.00000882 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor	-0.3205 ± 0.003
Half Life	11.76 ± 0.19 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.19 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

¹⁵⁴Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.981%
α (α emission)	0.019%

¹⁵⁵Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	154.929103363 ± 0.000018754 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor	1.4 ± 0.012
Half Life	48 ± 2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.56 ± 0.12
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

¹⁵⁵Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁶Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	155.929641634 ± 0.000041249 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor	0.745 ± 0.0075
Half Life	56 ± 1 m
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment	2.4 ± 0.18
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹⁵⁶Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁷Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.928251974 ± 0.000025194 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor	1.24 ± 0.0085714285714286
Half Life	12.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.05 ± 0.13
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

¹⁵⁷Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁸Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	157.92894491 ± 0.000029099 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	0.7552 ± 0.0006
Half Life	11.3 ± 0.4 m
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	4.2 ± 0.4
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

¹⁵⁸Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁵⁹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	158.927718683 ± 0.000003268 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor	1.22 ± 0.0085714285714286
Half Life	33.05 ± 0.11 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.27 ± 0.13
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	-

¹⁵⁹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁰Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	159.928735538 ± 0.00001612 Da
Mass Number	160
G-Factor	0.74 ± 0.006
Half Life	25.6 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	4 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹⁶⁰Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶¹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	160.927861815 ± 0.000002309 Da
Mass Number	161
G-Factor	1.2114285714286 ± 0.0085714285714286
Half Life	2.48 ± 0.05 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.3 ± 0.11
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	-

¹⁶¹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁶²Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	161.929102543 ± 0.00000333 Da
Mass Number	162
G-Factor	2.32 ± 0.03
Half Life	15 ± 1 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

¹⁶²Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶³Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	162.92874026 ± 0.000000744 Da
Mass Number	163
G-Factor	1.2057142857143 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	4.57 ± 0.025 ky
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.7 ± 0.6
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹⁶³Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁶⁴Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	163.930240548 ± 0.000001492 Da
Mass Number	164
G-Factor
Half Life	28.8 ± 0.5 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

¹⁶⁴Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	61%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	39%

¹⁶⁵Ho

Abundance	100
Relative Atomic Mass	164.930329116 ± 0.000000844 Da
Mass Number	165
G-Factor	1.1885714285714 ± 0.0085714285714286
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.58 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	-

¹⁶⁶Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	165.932291209 ± 0.000000844 Da
Mass Number	166
G-Factor	0
Half Life	26.812 ± 0.007 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	-

¹⁶⁶Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁷Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	166.933140254 ± 0.00000557 Da
Mass Number	167
G-Factor
Half Life	3.1 ± 0.1 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	-

¹⁶⁷Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁸Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	167.935523766 ± 0.000032207 Da
Mass Number	168
G-Factor
Half Life	2.99 ± 0.07 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

¹⁶⁸Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	168.93687989 ± 0.000021522 Da
Mass Number	169
G-Factor
Half Life	4.72 ± 0.1 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁶⁹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁰Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	169.939626548 ± 0.000053697 Da
Mass Number	170
G-Factor
Half Life	2.76 ± 0.05 m
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

¹⁷⁰Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷¹Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	170.941472713 ± 0.000644128 Da
Mass Number	171
G-Factor
Half Life	53 ± 2 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	-

¹⁷¹Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷²Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	171.94473 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	172
G-Factor	0
Half Life	25 ± 3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

¹⁷²Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷³Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	172.94702 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	173
G-Factor
Half Life	7.1 ± 0.4 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁷³Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁴Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	173.950757 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	174
G-Factor
Half Life	3.7 ± 0.4 s
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁷⁴Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁵Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	174.953516 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	175
G-Factor
Half Life	1.88 ± 0.55 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁷⁵Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷⁶Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	175.957713 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	176
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁷⁶Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷⁷Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	176.961052 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	177
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

¹⁷⁷Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
n (neutron emission)	%

¹⁷⁸Ho

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	177.965507 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	178
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁷⁸Ho Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878. They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element. Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth. From the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm

Discoverers	J.L. Soret
Discovery Location	Switzerland
Discovery Year	1878
Etymology (Name Origin)	From Holmia, the Latinized name for Stockholm, Sweden.
Pronunciation	HOLE-mi-em (English)

Holmium is considered to be of low toxicity

Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any naturally occurring element

Uses

Holmium is used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields, when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece. It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring. Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods. It has very few practical applications; however, it has some unusual magnetic properties that offer some hope for future applications.

Sources

Occurs in gadolinite. Most often from monazite which is often 50% rare earth and typically 0.05% holmium.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	1.3 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00000022 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.0000059 %
Abundance in Sun	0 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.3088
2	p	4.3332
2	s	17.5444
3	d	13.6531
3	p	20.2546
3	s	20.7649
4	d	35.3284
4	f	39.5304
4	p	32.4372
4	s	31.688
5	p	49.661
5	s	47.424
6	s	58.561

Holmium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3529
CAS Registry Number	7440-60-0
ChEBI ID	49648
ChemSpider ID	22424
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0047664
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3064699
De Agostini ID	òlmio
Den Store Danske ID	holmium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.335
Elhuyar ZTH ID	025400
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/holmium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	holmium
Freebase ID	/m/025rtj9
GND ID	4160461-1
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2368381
InChI	InChI=1S/Ho
InChIKey	KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Holmium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85061510
MeSH descriptor ID	D006695
NALT ID	45694
Namuwiki ID	홀뮴
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007562963005171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	160464
OpenAlex ID	C540056406
PDB ligand ID	HO
PDB structure ID	1RER
PDB structure ID	2OLC
PDB structure ID	1MSB
PDB structure ID	1BUU
PDB structure ID	3EEU
PDB structure ID	2BPU
PDB structure ID	2Y9X
PDB structure ID	2Y9W
PDB structure ID	4BSP
PDB structure ID	4BDW
PDB structure ID	1PSR
PubChem CID	23988
RxNorm ID	1311388
Römpp online ID	RD-08-01615
Store norske leksikon ID	holmium
Treccani ID	olmio
UNII	W1XX32SQN1
USGS Thesaurus ID	1474
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14664400-n
ZVG number	7670

Holmium (Ho)

Properties

Isotopes of Holmium

140Ho

140Ho Decay Modes

141Ho

141Ho Decay Modes

142Ho

142Ho Decay Modes

143Ho

143Ho Decay Modes

144Ho

144Ho Decay Modes

145Ho

145Ho Decay Modes

146Ho

146Ho Decay Modes

147Ho

147Ho Decay Modes

148Ho

148Ho Decay Modes

149Ho

149Ho Decay Modes

150Ho

150Ho Decay Modes

151Ho

151Ho Decay Modes

152Ho

152Ho Decay Modes

153Ho

153Ho Decay Modes

154Ho

154Ho Decay Modes

155Ho

155Ho Decay Modes

156Ho

156Ho Decay Modes

157Ho

157Ho Decay Modes

158Ho

158Ho Decay Modes

159Ho

159Ho Decay Modes

160Ho

160Ho Decay Modes

161Ho

161Ho Decay Modes

162Ho

162Ho Decay Modes

163Ho

163Ho Decay Modes

164Ho

164Ho Decay Modes

165Ho

166Ho

166Ho Decay Modes

167Ho

167Ho Decay Modes

168Ho

168Ho Decay Modes

169Ho

169Ho Decay Modes

170Ho

170Ho Decay Modes

171Ho

171Ho Decay Modes

172Ho

172Ho Decay Modes

173Ho

173Ho Decay Modes

174Ho

174Ho Decay Modes

175Ho

175Ho Decay Modes

176Ho

176Ho Decay Modes

177Ho

177Ho Decay Modes

178Ho

178Ho Decay Modes