Atomic Number | 67 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 164.93033 |
Mass Number | 165 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 67 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 98 n0 |
Electrons | 67 e- |
Atomic Radius | 175 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 18.7 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 166 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 90.1 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 104.1 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
230 pm
|
Density | 8.8 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | 6.0215 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 301 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | 300.6 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f11 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3 |
Electronegativity |
1.23
|
Electrophilicity | |
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 2,973.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,745.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000112 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.15 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.165 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.1 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000094 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000549 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000905467 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0482845
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | 20 K
|
Neel Point | 132 K
|
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.58 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 40 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 26 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 65 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.23
|
Speed of Sound | 2,760 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 23 |
Mendeleev Number | 33 |
Pettifor Number | 24 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 64
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.015
|
Quantum Numbers | 4I15/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 38 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 38 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 8 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.1 ± 0.1 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1998 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 400 ± 100 ms
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2001 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
p (proton emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2000 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 700 ± 100 ms
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.4 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.32 ± 0.22 s
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.8 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.2 ± 1.1 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 21.1 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 76.8 ± 1.8 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 35.2 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 88% |
α (α emission) | 22% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | -0.51 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 161.8 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 88% |
α (α emission) | 12% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | 1.2345454545455 ± 0.0090909090909091
|
Half Life | 2.01 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.1 ± 0.5
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.949% |
α (α emission) | 0.051% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | -0.3205 ± 0.003
|
Half Life | 11.76 ± 0.19 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.19 ± 0.1
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.981% |
α (α emission) | 0.019% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | 1.4 ± 0.012
|
Half Life | 48 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.56 ± 0.12
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | 0.745 ± 0.0075
|
Half Life | 56 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.4 ± 0.18
|
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | 1.24 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | 12.6 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.05 ± 0.13
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | 0.7552 ± 0.0006
|
Half Life | 11.3 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | 4.2 ± 0.4
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | 1.22 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | 33.05 ± 0.11 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.27 ± 0.13
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | 0.74 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 25.6 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | 4 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | 1.2114285714286 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | 2.48 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.3 ± 0.11
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | 2.32 ± 0.03
|
Half Life | 15 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | 1.2057142857143 ± 0.011428571428571
|
Half Life | 4.57 ± 0.025 ky
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.7 ± 0.6
|
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 28.8 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 61% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 39% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | 1.1885714285714 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.58 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | - |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 26.812 ± 0.007 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1936 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.1 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.99 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.72 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.76 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 53 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 25 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.1 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.7 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 8 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.88 ± 0.55 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
n (neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878. They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element. Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth. From the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm
Discoverers | J.L. Soret |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Switzerland |
Discovery Year | 1878 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | From Holmia, the Latinized name for Stockholm, Sweden. |
Pronunciation | HOLE-mi-em (English) |
1 | s | 1.3088 |
2 | p | 4.3332 |
2 | s | 17.5444 |
3 | d | 13.6531 |
3 | p | 20.2546 |
3 | s | 20.7649 |
4 | d | 35.3284 |
4 | f | 39.5304 |
4 | p | 32.4372 |
4 | s | 31.688 |
5 | p | 49.661 |
5 | s | 47.424 |
6 | s | 58.561 |