Iridium (Ir)
Iridium is the 77th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Ir and atomic number of 77. It has an atomic weight of 192.217 and a mass number of 193. Iridium has seventy-seven protons and one hundred sixteen neutrons in its nucleus, and seventy-seven electrons in six shells. It is located in group nine, period six and block d of the periodic table. Very hard and brittle, silvery metallic transition element. It has a yellowish cast to it. Salts of iridium are highly colored. It is the most corrosion resistant metal known, not attacked by any acid, but is attacked by molten salts. There are two natural isotopes of iridium, and 4 radioisotopes, the most stable being Ir-192 with a half-life of 73.83 days. Ir-192 decays into Platinum, while the other radioisotopes decay into Osmium. Iridium is used in high temperature apparatus, electrical contacts, and as a hardening agent for platinumpy. Discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant in England. The name comes from the Greek word iris, which means rainbow. Iridium metal is generally non-toxic due to its relative unreactivity, but iridium compounds should be considered highly toxic.
| Atomic Number | 77 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 192.217 |
| Mass Number | 193 |
| Group | 9 |
|---|---|
| Period | 6 |
| Block | d |
| Protons | 77 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 116 n0 |
| Electrons | 77 e- |
Physical Properties
| Atomic Radius | 135 pm
|
|---|---|
| Molar Volume | 8.54 cm³/mol
|
| Covalent Radius | 122 pm
|
| Metallic Radius | 127 pm
|
| Ionic Radius | 68 pm
|
| Crystal Radius | 82 pm
|
| Van der Waals Radius |
213 pm
|
| Density | 22.5622 g/cm³
|
Chemical Properties
| Energy | |
|---|---|
| Proton Affinity | |
| Electron Affinity | 1.5638 eV/particle
|
| Ionization Energy | 8.96702 eV/particle
|
| Heat of Vaporization | 604 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Fusion | 27.61 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Formation | 669 kJ/mol
|
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d7 6s2 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
| Electronegativity |
2.2
|
| Electrophilicity Index | 1.872465121129725 eV/particle
|
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Solid |
| Gas Phase | |
| Boiling Point | 4,701.15 K
|
| Melting Point | 2,719.15 K
|
| Critical Pressure | |
| Critical Temperature | |
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Iridium is a Silver. Ir has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #175487, and MOLCAS GV of #175487. The Appearance of Element 77 is silvery white. | |
| Color | Silver
|
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Refractive Index | |
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | 147 W/(m K)
|
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000064 1/K
|
| Molar Heat Capacity | 25.1 J/(mol K)
|
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.131 J/(g⋅K)
|
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | Conductor |
| Electrical Conductivity | 21 MS/m
|
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000004699999999998 m Ω
|
| Superconducting Point | 0.11 K
|
| Magnetism | |
| Type | paramagnetic |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000000167 m³/Kg
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000321 m³/mol
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000377
|
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | |
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Iridium is FCC. The lattice constant of Ir is 3.84 Å. The lattice angles of Element 77 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
| Lattice Constant | 3.84 Å
|
| Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Mechanical Properties | |
Iridium has a Brinell of 1670 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6.5 MPa, and Vickers of 1760 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ir is 320 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 77 is 210 GPa. The Young Modulus of Iridium (Ir) is 528 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Iridium is 0.26. The Speed of Sound of Ir is 4825 m/s. | |
| Hardness |
6.5 MPa
|
| Bulk Modulus | 320 GPa
|
| Shear Modulus | 210 GPa
|
| Young's Modulus | 528 GPa
|
| Poisson Ratio | 0.26
|
| Speed of Sound | 4,825 m/s
|
| Classification | |
The CAS Group of Iridium is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Ir is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 77 is 62. The Mendeleev Number of Iridium (Ir) is 65. The Pettifor Number of Iridium is 65. The Geochemical Class of Ir is noble metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 77 is siderophile. | |
| Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
| CAS Group | VIIIA |
| IUPAC Group | VIII |
| Glawe Number | 62 |
| Mendeleev Number | 65 |
| Pettifor Number | 65 |
| Geochemical Class | noble metal |
| Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Iridium is 54 plus or minus 7 a₀. Ir has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 522 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 77 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Iridium (Ir) is 425. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Iridium is 0.081. The Quantum Numbers of Ir is 4F9/2. The Space Group of Element 77 is 225 (Fm_3m).
| Gas Basicity | |
|---|---|
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 425
|
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.081
|
| Quantum Numbers | 4F9/2 |
| Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Isotopes of Iridium
| Stable Isotopes | 2 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 41 |
| Natural Isotopes | 2 |
163Ir
| Mass Number | 163 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 86 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) |
164Ir
| Mass Number | 164 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 87 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) | |
| α (α emission) | |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
165Ir
| Mass Number | 165 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 88 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) | |
| α (α emission) |
166Ir
| Mass Number | 166 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 89 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 10.5 ± 2.2 ms
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1981 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 93% |
| p (proton emission) | 7% |
167Ir
| Mass Number | 167 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 90 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 29.3 ± 0.6 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1981 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 43.5% |
| p (proton emission) | 38.6% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
168Ir
| Mass Number | 168 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 91 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 230 ± 50 ms
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1978 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 100% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
169Ir
| Mass Number | 169 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 92 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 353 ± 4 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1978 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 53% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
170Ir
| Mass Number | 170 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 93 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 910 ± 150 ms
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1977 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| α (α emission) | 5.2% |
171Ir
| Mass Number | 171 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 94 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.1 ± 0.3 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| α (α emission) | 15% |
172Ir
| Mass Number | 172 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 95 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 4.4 ± 0.3 s
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 98% |
| α (α emission) | 2% |
173Ir
| Mass Number | 173 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 96 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 9 ± 0.8 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 96.5% |
| α (α emission) | 3.5% |
174Ir
| Mass Number | 174 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 97 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 7.9 ± 0.6 s
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.5% |
| α (α emission) | 0.5% |
175Ir
| Mass Number | 175 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 98 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 9 ± 2 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.15% |
| α (α emission) | 0.85% |
176Ir
| Mass Number | 176 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 99 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.5 s
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 96.9% |
| α (α emission) | 3.1% |
177Ir
| Mass Number | 177 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 100 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 29.8 ± 1.7 s
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| α (α emission) | 0.06% |
178Ir
| Mass Number | 178 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 101 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 12 ± 2 s
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1972 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
179Ir
| Mass Number | 179 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 102 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 79 ± 1 s
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1992 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
180Ir
| Mass Number | 180 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 103 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.5 ± 0.04
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.5 ± 0.1 m
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1972 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
181Ir
| Mass Number | 181 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 104 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 4.9 ± 0.15 m
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1972 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
182Ir
| Mass Number | 182 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 105 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 15 ± 1 m
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1961 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
183Ir
| Mass Number | 183 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 106 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 58 ± 5 m
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1961 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| α (α emission) |
184Ir
| Mass Number | 184 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 107 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.09 ± 0.03 h
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 2.41 ± 0.03
|
| Discovery Year | 1960 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
185Ir
| Mass Number | 185 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 108 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.0384 ± 0.0052
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 14.4 ± 0.1 h
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1958 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
186Ir
| Mass Number | 186 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 109 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 16.64 ± 0.03 h
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | -2.55 ± 0.03
|
| Discovery Year | 1958 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
187Ir
| Mass Number | 187 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 110 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 10.5 ± 0.3 h
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.941 ± 0.011
|
| Discovery Year | 1958 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
188Ir
| Mass Number | 188 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 111 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 41.5 ± 0.5 h
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.484 ± 0.006
|
| Discovery Year | 1950 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
189Ir
| Mass Number | 189 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 112 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 13.2 ± 0.1 d
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1955 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
190Ir
| Mass Number | 190 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 113 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.01 ± 0.0025
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 11.78 ± 0.1 d
|
| Spin | 4 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 2.87 ± 0.16
|
| Discovery Year | 1947 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| e+ (positron emission) | 0.002% |
191Ir
| Mass Number | 191 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 114 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.10013333333333 ± 0.0004
|
| Abundance | 37.3 ± 0.2
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.816 ± 0.009
|
| Discovery Year | 1935 |
| Parity | + |
192Ir
| Mass Number | 192 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 115 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.47925 ± 0.0025
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 73.82 ± 0.014 d
|
| Spin | 4 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 2.15 ± 0.06
|
| Discovery Year | 1937 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 95.24% |
| ϵ (electron capture) | 4.76% |
193Ir
| Mass Number | 193 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 116 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.10866666666667 ± 0.0004
|
| Abundance | 62.7 ± 0.2
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.751 ± 0.009
|
| Discovery Year | 1935 |
| Parity | + |
194Ir
| Mass Number | 194 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 117 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.39 ± 0.01
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 19.35 ± 0.07 h
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.339 ± 0.012
|
| Discovery Year | 1937 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
195Ir
| Mass Number | 195 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 118 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.29 ± 0.17 h
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1952 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
196Ir
| Mass Number | 196 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 119 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 52 ± 1.1 s
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1966 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
197Ir
| Mass Number | 197 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 120 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 5.8 ± 0.5 m
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1952 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
198Ir
| Mass Number | 198 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 121 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.4 s
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1973 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
199Ir
| Mass Number | 199 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 122 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 7 ± 5 s
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1993 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
200Ir
| Mass Number | 200 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 123 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 43 ± 6 s
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2008 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
201Ir
| Mass Number | 201 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 124 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 21 ± 5 s
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2008 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
202Ir
| Mass Number | 202 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 125 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 11 ± 3 s
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2008 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
203Ir
| Mass Number | 203 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 126 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2009 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) |
204Ir
| Mass Number | 204 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 127 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2011 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
205Ir
| Mass Number | 205 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 128 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2012 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
History
Iridium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London. Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue. Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal. From the Latin word iris meaning rainbow
| Discoverers | S.Tenant, A.F.Fourcory, L.N.Vauquelin, H.V.Collet-Descoltils |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | England/France |
| Discovery Year | 1804 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: iris (rainbow). |
| Pronunciation | i-RID-i-em (English) |
Iridium is considered to be of low toxicity
Iridium is the most corrosion-resistant metal known
Uses
Iridium is used in making crucibles and other equipment that is used at high temperatures. Iridium is also used as a hardening agent in platinum alloys. Its resistance to arc erosion makes iridium alloys ideal for electrical contacts for spark plugs. Radioactive isotopes of iridium are used in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. Used with osmium to tip gold pen points, to make crucible and special containers. Also to make alloys used for standard weights and measures, and heat-resistant alloys. Also as hardening agent for platinum.
Sources
Found in gravel deposits with platinum.
| Abundance | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.001 mg/kg
|
| Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
| Natural Abundance (Human Body) | |
| Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.000054 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.0000002 %
|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.0000002 %
|
Nuclear Screening Constants
| 1 | s | 1.4881 |
| 2 | p | 4.4624 |
| 2 | s | 20.1102 |
| 3 | d | 13.514 |
| 3 | p | 21.9311 |
| 3 | s | 22.7942 |
| 4 | d | 37.2628 |
| 4 | f | 38.6552 |
| 4 | p | 35.086 |
| 4 | s | 34.152 |
| 5 | d | 58.304 |
| 5 | p | 53.339 |
| 5 | s | 51.1545 |
| 6 | s | 66.4334 |
Also Known As
- Ir
- element 77
Translations
- Norwegian Bokmåliridium
- Italianiridio
- Frenchiridium
- Russianиридий
- GermanIridium
- Catalaniridi
- Spanishiridio
- Norwegian Nynorskiridium
- Hungarianirídium
- Swedishiridium
- Afrikaansiridium
- Amharicኢሪዲየም
- AragoneseIridio
- Arabicإريديوم
- Azerbaijaniİridium
- BelarusianІрыдый
- Bulgarianиридий
- Banglaইরিডিয়াম
- Bosnianiridij
- CherokeeᎠᎢᎵᏗᏴᎻ
- CorsicanIridiu
- Czechiridium
- ChuvashИриди
- WelshIridiwm
- Danishiridium
- Greekιρίδιο
- Esperantoiridio
- EstonianIriidium
- Basqueiridio
- Persianایریدیم
- Finnishiridium
- FriulianIridi
- IrishIridiam
- GalicianIridio
- ManxIriddjum
- Hakka Chineseiridium
- Hebrewאירידיום
- Fiji HindiIridium
- CroatianIridij
- Upper SorbianIridium
- Haitian CreoleIridyòm
- Armenianիրիդիում
- InterlinguaIridium
- Indonesianiridium
- IdoIridio
- Icelandiciridín
- Japaneseイリジウム
- Lojbanjinmrdiridi
- JavaneseIridium
- Georgianირიდიუმი
- KazakhИридий
- Kannadaಇರಿಡಿಯಮ್
- Korean이리듐
- KurdishÎrîdyûm
- KomiИридий
- Latiniridium
- LuxembourgishIridium
- LimburgishIridium
- LigurianIridio
- LithuanianIridis
- Latvianirīdijs
- Malayalamഇറിഡിയം
- Marathiइरिडियम
- Western MariИридий
- MalayIridium
- Dutchiridium
- OccitanIridi
- Polishiryd
- Western Panjabiاریڈیم
- Portugueseirídio
- QuechuaIridyu
- Romanianiridiu
- Sicilianiridiu
- Serbo-CroatianIridijum
- Slovakirídium
- SlovenianIridij
- AlbanianIridiumi
- Serbianиридијум
- Saterland FrisianIridium
- SwahiliIridi
- Tamilஇரிடியம்
- Thaiอิริเดียม
- Turkishİridyum
- Ukrainianіридій
- UrduIridium
- VepsIridii
- Vietnameseiridi
- WarayIridyo
- KalmykИридиум
- Yiddishאירידיום
- YorubaIridium
- Chinese銥
- BretonIridiom
- CebuanoIridio
- Macedonianиридиум
- Central Kurdishئیریدیۆم
- Odiaଇରିଡ଼ିଅମ
- Gujaratiઈરિડીયમ
- Punjabiਇਰੀਡੀਅਮ
- TatarИридий
- PiedmonteseIridi
- Scotsiridium
- SomaliIridiyaam
- Cantonese銥
- Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Ірыд
- Chinese (China)铱
- Chinese (Simplified)铱
- Chinese (Traditional)銥
- Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)銥
- Chinese (Taiwan)銥
- AromanianIridiu
- UzbekIridiy
- Nepaliइरिडियम
- KyrgyzИридий
- Hindiइरीडियम
- Sanskritइरिडियम
- Malteseiridju
- LombardIridio
- Scottish GaelicIridium
- Portuguese (Brazil)irídio
- Newariइरिडियम
- Paliइरिडियम
- Teluguఇరీడియం
- cdoIridium
- Min Nan ChineseIridium
- AsturianIridiu
- Bhojpuriइरीडियम
- Tibetanཨི་རི་ཌིམ།
- Literary Chinese銥
- Lingua Franca Novairidio
- kbpƖrɩdɩyɔm
- Wu Chinese铱
- TagalogIridiyo
- Mongolianириди
- oloIridii
- Northern FrisianIriidium
- TajikИридий
- Uyghurئىرىدىي
- BavarianIridium
- SardinianIrìdiu
- Burmeseအိုင်ရီဒီယမ်
- BashkirИридий
- Moroccan Arabicإيريديوم
- Egyptian Arabicاريديوم
- Pashtoارېډيوم
- Manipuriꯏꯔꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ
- CornishIridiom
- BalineseIridium
- KotavaIrdel
- BikolIridyo
- GandaYirediyaamu
- Korean (North Korea)이리디움
