Atomic Number | 19 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 39.0983 |
Mass Number | 39 |
Group | 1 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | s |
Protons | 19 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 20 n0 |
Electrons | 19 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals Radius | |
Density |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | |
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 8, 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 4s1ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 |
Oxidation States | -1, 1 |
Electronegativity | 0.82
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Potassium is a Silver. K has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #8f40d4, and MOLCAS GV of #8f40d4. The Appearance of Element 19 is silvery gray. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery gray |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000067 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000262 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00000574
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Potassium is BCC. The lattice constant of K is 5.23 Å. The lattice angles of Element 19 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Potassium has a Brinell of 0.363 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 0.4 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of K is 3.1 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 19 is 1.3 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Potassium (K) is 2000 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Potassium is IA. The IUPAC Group of K is IA. The Glawe Number of Element 19 is 10. The Mendeleev Number of Potassium (K) is 3. The Pettifor Number of Potassium is 10. The Geochemical Class of K is alkali metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 19 is litophile. | |
Category | Alkali metals, Alkali metals |
CAS Group | IA |
IUPAC Group | IA |
Glawe Number | 10 |
Mendeleev Number | 3 |
Pettifor Number | 10 |
Geochemical Class | alkali metal |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
The Dipole Polarizability of Potassium is 289.7 plus or minus 0.3 a₀. K has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 3923 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3910 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 19 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Potassium (K) is 2.1. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Potassium is 0.0018. The Quantum Numbers of K is 2S1/2. The Space Group of Element 19 is 229 (Im_3m).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.1
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0018
|
Quantum Numbers | 2S1/2 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 27 |
Natural Isotopes | 3 |
Mass Number | 31 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 12 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2019 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
3p | 100% |
Mass Number | 32 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 13 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 33 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 14 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 34 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 15 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 35 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 16 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.26133333333333 ± 0.0046666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 175.2 ± 1.9 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.37% |
Mass Number | 36 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 17 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.274 ± 0.0005
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 341 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.048% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.0034% |
Mass Number | 37 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 18 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.13547333333333 ± 0.00004
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.23651 ± 0.00094 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.109 ± 0.004
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 38 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 19 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.457 ± 0.002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 7.651 ± 0.019 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 39 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 20 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.26098 ± 0.0000053333333333333
|
Abundance | 93.2581 ± 0.0044
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.0603 ± 0.0006
|
Discovery Year | 1921 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 40 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 21 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 0.0117 ± 0.0001
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.248 ± 0.003 Gy
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.075 ± 0.0008
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 89.28% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 10.72% |
Mass Number | 41 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 22 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.143248 ± 0.0000033333333333333
|
Abundance | 6.7302 ± 0.0044
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.0734 ± 0.0007
|
Discovery Year | 1921 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 42 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 23 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.57125 ± 0.0003
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 12.355 ± 0.007 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 43 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 24 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.10886666666667 ± 0.00053333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22.3 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 44 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 25 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.428 ± 0.002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22.13 ± 0.19 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 45 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 26 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.1156 ± 0.00053333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 17.8 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 46 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 27 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.5255 ± 0.003
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 96.3 ± 0.08 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 47 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 28 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 3.866 ± 0.018
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 17.38 ± 0.03 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 48 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 29 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6.83 ± 0.14 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.14% |
Mass Number | 49 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 30 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.6772 ± 0.0016
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.26 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 86% |
Mass Number | 50 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 31 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 472 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 28.6% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 51 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 32 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.342 ± 0.0013333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 365 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 65% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 52 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 33 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 110 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 72.2% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 2.3% |
Mass Number | 53 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 34 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 30 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 64% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 10% |
Mass Number | 54 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 35 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 10 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 55 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 36 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 56 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 37 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 57 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 38 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 58 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 39 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2019 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 59 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 40 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia. Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile. Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis. From the English word, potash - pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arab qali, alkali
Discoverers | Sir Humphrey Davy |
---|---|
Discovery Location | England |
Discovery Year | 1807 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | English: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali). |
Pronunciation | pe-TASS-i-em (English) |
Found in minerals like carnallite [(KMgCl3).6H2O] & sylvite (potassium chloride, KCL). Pure metal is produced by the reaction of hot potassium chloride and sodium vapors in a special retort.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0.2 %
|
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.07 %
|
Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.0004 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0003 %
|
1 | s | 0.5105 |
2 | p | 3.9728 |
2 | s | 5.9938 |
3 | p | 11.2744 |
3 | s | 10.3201 |
4 | s | 15.5048 |