Kalium (K)

grundstof med atomnummer 19

Atomnummer	19
Atommasse	39.0983
mass number	39

Gruppe	1
Periode	4
Blok	s

proton	19 p⁺
neutron	20 n⁰
elektron	19 e^-

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	220 pm 234 pm
molar volume	45,3 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	196 pm 193 pm 207 pm 203 pm
Metallic Radius	203 pm 235 pm
Ionisk radius	137 pm 138 pm 146 pm 151 pm 155 pm 159 pm 164 pm
Crystal Radius	151 pm 152 pm 160 pm 165 pm 169 pm 173 pm 178 pm
Van der Waals-radius	280 pm 275 pm 275 pm 309 pm 381,2 pm
massefylde	0,89 g/cm³ 828 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

energi

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,50147 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	4,34066354 eV/particle 31,625 eV/particle 45,8031 eV/particle 60,917 eV/particle 82,66 eV/particle 99,4 eV/particle 117,56 eV/particle 154,87 eV/particle 175,8174 eV/particle 503,67 eV/particle 565,6 eV/particle 631 eV/particle 714,71 eV/particle 786,26 eV/particle 860,92 eV/particle 967,66 eV/particle 1.034,541 eV/particle 4.610,86998 eV/particle 4.934,0482 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	2,33 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	102,5 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	89 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 8, 1

Valenselektron	1 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 4s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

Oxidationstrin	-1, 1
Elektronegativitet	4,34 eV/particle 0.0981896 0.82
Electrophilicity Index	0,7633848415985606 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase	Fast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	1.032,15 K
Smeltepunkt	336,65 K
critical pressure	16 MPa
critical temperature	2.223,15 K
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Silver #ff1493 #8f40d4 #8f40d4
appearance	silvery gray
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	79 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion
molar heat capacity	29,6 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,757 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	14 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
superledning
Magnetisme
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000067 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000000262 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,00000574
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	Rumcentreret Kubisk (BCC)
lattice constant	5,23 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hårdhed	0,363 MPa 0,4 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	3,1 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	1,3 GPa
E-modul
Poissons forhold
speed of sound	2.000 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Alkalimetaller, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	10
Mendeleev Number	3
Pettifor Number	10
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability	289,7 ± 0,3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3.923 a₀ 3.910 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2,1
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0018
quantum number	2S1/2
rumgruppe	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Potassium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	27
Natural Isotopes	3

³¹K

mass number	31
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	31,03678 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2019
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
3p	100%

³²K

mass number	32
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	32,023607 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³³K

mass number	33
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	33,008095 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁴K

mass number	34
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	33,99869 ± 0,00021 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁵K

mass number	35
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	34,988005406 ± 0,00000055 Da
g-factor	0,26133333333333 ± 0,0046666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	175,2 ± 1,9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1976
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.37%

³⁶K

mass number	36
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	35,981301887 ± 0,000000349 Da
g-factor	0,274 ± 0,0005
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	341 ± 3 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1967
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.048%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.0034%

³⁷K

mass number	37
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	36,97337589 ± 0,0000001 Da
g-factor	0,13547333333333 ± 0,00004
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,23651 ± 0,00094 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,109 ± 0,004
opdagelsesdato	1958
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁸K

mass number	38
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	37,969081114 ± 0,000000209 Da
g-factor	0,457 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	7,651 ± 0,019 m
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁹K

mass number	39
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	38,96370648482 ± 0,00000000489 Da
g-factor	0,26098 ± 0,0000053333333333333
natural abundance	93,2581 ± 0,0044
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0603 ± 0,0006
opdagelsesdato	1921
Paritet	+

⁴⁰K

mass number	40
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	39,963998165 ± 0,00000006 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	0,0117 ± 0,0001
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,248 ± 0,003 Gy
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,075 ± 0,0008
opdagelsesdato	1935
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	89.28%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	10.72%

⁴¹K

mass number	41
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	40,96182525611 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0,143248 ± 0,0000033333333333333
natural abundance	6,7302 ± 0,0044
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0734 ± 0,0007
opdagelsesdato	1921
Paritet	+

⁴²K

mass number	42
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	41,962402305 ± 0,000000113 Da
g-factor	-0,57125 ± 0,0003
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	12,355 ± 0,007 h
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1935
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴³K

mass number	43
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	42,960734701 ± 0,00000044 Da
g-factor	0,10886666666667 ± 0,00053333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	22,3 ± 0,1 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1949
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁴K

mass number	44
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	43,961586984 ± 0,00000045 Da
g-factor	-0,428 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	22,13 ± 0,19 m
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1954
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁵K

mass number	45
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	44,960691491 ± 0,00000056 Da
g-factor	0,1156 ± 0,00053333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	17,8 ± 0,6 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1964
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁶K

mass number	46
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	45,961981584 ± 0,00000078 Da
g-factor	-0,5255 ± 0,003
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	96,3 ± 0,08 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1965
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷K

mass number	47
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	46,961661612 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	3,866 ± 0,018
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	17,38 ± 0,03 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1964
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸K

mass number	48
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	47,965341184 ± 0,00000083 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	6,83 ± 0,14 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1972
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.14%

⁴⁹K

mass number	49
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	48,968210753 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	2,6772 ± 0,0016
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,26 ± 0,05 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1972
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	86%

⁵⁰K

mass number	50
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	49,972380015 ± 0,0000083 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	472 ± 4 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1972
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵¹K

mass number	51
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	50,975828664 ± 0,000014 Da
g-factor	0,342 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	365 ± 5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵²K

mass number	52
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	51,981602 ± 0,000036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	110 ± 4 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	72.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)	2.3%

⁵³K

mass number	53
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	52,9868 ± 0,00012 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	30 ± 5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	64%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10%

⁵⁴K

mass number	54
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	53,994471 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	10 ± 5 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁵K

mass number	55
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	55,000505 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶K

mass number	56
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	56,008567 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷K

mass number	57
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	57,015169 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2018
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸K

mass number	58
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	58,023543 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2019
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹K

mass number	59
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	59,030864 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2018
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Sir Humphrey Davy
fundsted	England
opdagelsesdato	1807
etymologi	English: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali).
udtale	pe-TASS-i-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	20.900 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	399 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)	0,2 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0,07 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,0004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5105
2	p	3.9728
2	s	5.9938
3	p	11.2744
3	s	10.3201
4	s	15.5048

Kalium on ChemicalAid

ATC-kode	A12BA
AUT NKC	ph705338
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300212821
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3560
BNCF	22579
BNF	121440770
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	kalium
CAS-nummer	7440-09-7
ChEBI-ID	26216
ChemSpider ID	4575326
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID70820696
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9049748
Den Store Danske-ID	kalium
Drugbank-ID	14500
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.290
Enciclopedia Treccani	potassio
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	211021
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/potassium
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	potassium
EuroVoc ID	2568
Freebase-ID	/m/025s7j4
French Vikidia ID	Potassium
GND-identifikator	4139553-0
Golden ID	Potassium-GEEZJ
HSDB-ID	698
ICSC ID	0716
InChI	InChI=1S/K
InChIKey	ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Potassium
KEGG-ID	C00238
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/KALI.html
LCAuth	sh85105593
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	133174
MeSH ID	D011188
NDF-RT ID	N0000146069
NDL-nummer	00565080
NE.se ID	kalium
Namuwiki ID	칼륨
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007529540605171
OmegaWiki-betydningsdefinition	7255
OpenAlex ID	C517785266
Open Food Facts ingredient ID	potassium
PSH-ID	5746
PubChem CID	5462222
Quora emne-ID	Potassium
RxNorm ID	8588
Spanish Vikidia ID	Potasio
Store katalanske encyklopædi-ID	0133931
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kalium
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kalium_-_fysiologi
Store norske leksikon-ID	kalium
Store russiske encyklopædi Online-ID	2035525
UMLS CUI	C0032821
UNII	RWP5GA015D
USGS Thesaurus ID	1543
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14674986-n
YSO ID	11555
ZVG-nummer	8150

Kalium (K)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Potassium

31K

32K

33K

34K

35K

36K

37K

38K

39K

40K

41K

42K

43K

44K

45K

46K

47K

48K

49K

50K

51K

52K

53K

54K

55K

56K

57K

58K

59K

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

³¹K

³²K

³³K

³⁴K

³⁵K

³⁶K

³⁷K

³⁸K

³⁹K

⁴⁰K

⁴¹K

⁴²K

⁴³K

⁴⁴K

⁴⁵K

⁴⁶K

⁴⁷K

⁴⁸K

⁴⁹K

⁵⁰K

⁵¹K

⁵²K

⁵³K

⁵⁴K

⁵⁵K

⁵⁶K

⁵⁷K

⁵⁸K

⁵⁹K