Kaalium (K)

chemical element with symbol K and atomic number 19

Atomic Number	19
Atomic Weight	39.0983
massiarv	39

Group	1
Period	4
Block	s

prooton	19 p⁺
neutron	20 n⁰
elektron	19 e^-

Animated Bohri aatomiteooria of K (Kaalium)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Aatomiraadius	220 pm 234 pm
molaarruumala	45,3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	196 pm 193 pm 207 pm 203 pm
Metallic Radius	203 pm 235 pm
ionic radius	137 pm 138 pm 146 pm 151 pm 155 pm 159 pm 164 pm
Crystal Radius	151 pm 152 pm 160 pm 165 pm 169 pm 173 pm 178 pm
Van der Waals radius	280 pm 275 pm 275 pm 309 pm 381,2 pm
density	0,89 g/cm³ 828 kg/m³

Keemilised Omadused

{ERROR}

energia

proton affinity
Elektronafiinsus	0,50147 eV/particle
ionization energy	4,34066354 eV/particle 31,625 eV/particle 45,8031 eV/particle 60,917 eV/particle 82,66 eV/particle 99,4 eV/particle 117,56 eV/particle 154,87 eV/particle 175,8174 eV/particle 503,67 eV/particle 565,6 eV/particle 631 eV/particle 714,71 eV/particle 786,26 eV/particle 860,92 eV/particle 967,66 eV/particle 1 034,541 eV/particle 4 610,86998 eV/particle 4 934,0482 eV/particle

aurustumissoojus	2,33 kJ/mol
sulamissoojus	102,5 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	89 kJ/mol
elektron

elektronkiht	2, 8, 8, 1

valentselektron	1 ⓘ

elektronkonfiguratsioon	[Ar] 4s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

oksüdatsiooniaste	-1, 1
elektronegatiivsus	4,34 eV/particle 0.0981896 0.82
Electrophilicity Index	0,7633848415985606 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	1 032,15 K
Melting Point	336,65 K
critical pressure	16 MPa
critical temperature	2 223,15 K
kolmikpunkt
Välimus
värvus	Black #ff1493 #8f40d4 #8f40d4
Välimus	silvery gray
Murdumisnäitaja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	79 W/(m K)
soojuspaisumine
molar heat capacity	29,6 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,757 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Elektrijuhtivus	14 MS/m
Eritakistus	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Ülijuhtivus
Magnetism
type	paramagnetic
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Mass)	0,0000000067 m³/Kg
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Molar)	0,000000000262 m³/mol
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Volume)	0,00000574
magnetic ordering
Curie punkt
Néel temperature
struktuur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,23 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
kõvadus	0,363 MPa 0,4 MPa
Ruumpaisumismoodul	3,1 GPa
Nihkeelastsusmoodul	1,3 GPa
Normaalelastsusmoodul
Poissoni tegur
heli kiirus	2 000 m/s
Klassifitseerimine
Category	Actinides, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	10
Mendeleev Number	3
Pettifor Number	10
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

teine

Gas Basicity
polarizability	289,7 ± 0,3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3 923 a₀ 3 910 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2,1
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0018
Kvantarv	2S1/2
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Potassium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	27
Natural Isotopes	3

³¹K

massiarv	31
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	31,03678 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2019
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
3p	100%

³²K

massiarv	32
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	32,023607 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
p (proton emission)

³³K

massiarv	33
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	33,008095 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
p (proton emission)

³⁴K

massiarv	34
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	33,99869 ± 0,00021 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
p (proton emission)

³⁵K

massiarv	35
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	34,988005406 ± 0,00000055 Da
g-factor	0,26133333333333 ± 0,0046666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	175,2 ± 1,9 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1976
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.37%

³⁶K

massiarv	36
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	35,981301887 ± 0,000000349 Da
g-factor	0,274 ± 0,0005
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	341 ± 3 ms
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1967
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.048%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.0034%

³⁷K

massiarv	37
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	36,97337589 ± 0,0000001 Da
g-factor	0,13547333333333 ± 0,00004
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	1,23651 ± 0,00094 s
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,109 ± 0,004
avastamise aeg	1958
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁸K

massiarv	38
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	37,969081114 ± 0,000000209 Da
g-factor	0,457 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	7,651 ± 0,019 m
spinn	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁹K

massiarv	39
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	38,96370648482 ± 0,00000000489 Da
g-factor	0,26098 ± 0,0000053333333333333
natural abundance	93,2581 ± 0,0044
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0603 ± 0,0006
avastamise aeg	1921
parity	+

⁴⁰K

massiarv	40
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	39,963998165 ± 0,00000006 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	0,0117 ± 0,0001
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	1,248 ± 0,003 Gy
spinn	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,075 ± 0,0008
avastamise aeg	1935
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	89.28%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	10.72%

⁴¹K

massiarv	41
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	40,96182525611 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0,143248 ± 0,0000033333333333333
natural abundance	6,7302 ± 0,0044
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0734 ± 0,0007
avastamise aeg	1921
parity	+

⁴²K

massiarv	42
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	41,962402305 ± 0,000000113 Da
g-factor	−0,57125 ± 0,0003
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	12,355 ± 0,007 h
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1935
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴³K

massiarv	43
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	42,960734701 ± 0,00000044 Da
g-factor	0,10886666666667 ± 0,00053333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	22,3 ± 0,1 h
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1949
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁴K

massiarv	44
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	43,961586984 ± 0,00000045 Da
g-factor	−0,428 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	22,13 ± 0,19 m
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1954
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁵K

massiarv	45
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	44,960691491 ± 0,00000056 Da
g-factor	0,1156 ± 0,00053333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	17,8 ± 0,6 m
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1964
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁶K

massiarv	46
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	45,961981584 ± 0,00000078 Da
g-factor	−0,5255 ± 0,003
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	96,3 ± 0,08 s
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1965
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷K

massiarv	47
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	46,961661612 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	3,866 ± 0,018
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	17,38 ± 0,03 s
spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1964
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸K

massiarv	48
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	47,965341184 ± 0,00000083 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	6,83 ± 0,14 s
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.14%

⁴⁹K

massiarv	49
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	48,968210753 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	2,6772 ± 0,0016
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	1,26 ± 0,05 s
spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1972
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	86%

⁵⁰K

massiarv	50
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	49,972380015 ± 0,0000083 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	472 ± 4 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵¹K

massiarv	51
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	50,975828664 ± 0,000014 Da
g-factor	0,342 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	365 ± 5 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1983
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵²K

massiarv	52
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	51,981602 ± 0,000036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	110 ± 4 ms
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1983
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	72.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)	2.3%

⁵³K

massiarv	53
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	52,9868 ± 0,00012 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	30 ± 5 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1983
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	64%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10%

⁵⁴K

massiarv	54
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	53,994471 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	10 ± 5 ms
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1983
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁵K

massiarv	55
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	55,000505 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2009
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶K

massiarv	56
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	56,008567 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2009
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷K

massiarv	57
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	57,015169 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2018
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸K

massiarv	58
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	58,023543 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2019
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹K

massiarv	59
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	59,030864 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2018
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

ajalugu

leiutaja või avastaja	Sir Humphrey Davy
location of discovery	England
avastamise aeg	1807
etümoloogia	English: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali).
pronunciation	pe-TASS-i-em (inglise)

allikas

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	20 900 mg/kg
natural abundance (ookean)	399 mg/L
natural abundance (Inimkeha)	0,2 %
natural abundance (meteoorkeha)	0,07 %
natural abundance (Päike)	0,0004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5105
2	p	3.9728
2	s	5.9938
3	p	11.2744
3	s	10.3201
4	s	15.5048

Kaalium on ChemicalAid

Kaalium (K)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Keemilised Omadused

teine

Isotopes of Potassium

31K

32K

33K

34K

35K

36K

37K

38K

39K

40K

41K

42K

43K

44K

45K

46K

47K

48K

49K

50K

51K

52K

53K

54K

55K

56K

57K

58K

59K

ajalugu

allikas

Nuclear Screening Constants

³¹K

³²K

³³K

³⁴K

³⁵K

³⁶K

³⁷K

³⁸K

³⁹K

⁴⁰K

⁴¹K

⁴²K

⁴³K

⁴⁴K

⁴⁵K

⁴⁶K

⁴⁷K

⁴⁸K

⁴⁹K

⁵⁰K

⁵¹K

⁵²K

⁵³K

⁵⁴K

⁵⁵K

⁵⁶K

⁵⁷K

⁵⁸K

⁵⁹K