Kalium (K)

chemical element with symbol K and atomic number 19

Atomic Number	19
Atomic Weight	39.0983
Nombor jisim	39

Group	1
Period	4
Block	s

proton	19 p⁺
neutron	20 n⁰
Elektron	19 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	220 pm 234 pm
molar volume	45.3 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	196 pm 193 pm 207 pm 203 pm
Metallic Radius	203 pm 235 pm
ionic radius	137 pm 138 pm 146 pm 151 pm 155 pm 159 pm 164 pm
Crystal Radius	151 pm 152 pm 160 pm 165 pm 169 pm 173 pm 178 pm
Jejari van der Waals	280 pm 275 pm 275 pm 309 pm 381.2 pm
ketumpatan	0.89 g/cm³ 828 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

tenaga

proton affinity
Pertalian elektron	0.50147 eV/particle
ionization energy	4.34066354 eV/particle 31.625 eV/particle 45.8031 eV/particle 60.917 eV/particle 82.66 eV/particle 99.4 eV/particle 117.56 eV/particle 154.87 eV/particle 175.8174 eV/particle 503.67 eV/particle 565.6 eV/particle 631 eV/particle 714.71 eV/particle 786.26 eV/particle 860.92 eV/particle 967.66 eV/particle 1,034.541 eV/particle 4,610.86998 eV/particle 4,934.0482 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	2.33 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	102.5 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	89 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 8, 1

Elektron valens	1 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ar] 4s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-1, 1
Keelektronegatifan	4.34 eV/particle 0.0981896 0.82
Electrophilicity Index	0.7633848415985606 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	1,032.15 K
Melting Point	336.65 K
critical pressure	16 MPa
critical temperature	2,223.15 K
triple point
rupa
warna	Silver #ff1493 #8f40d4 #8f40d4
rupa	silvery gray
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	79 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma
molar heat capacity	29.6 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.757 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	14 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000067 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000262 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.00000574
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant	5.23 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	0.363 MPa 0.4 MPa
Modulus pukal	3.1 GPa
shear modulus	1.3 GPa
Young's modulus
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	2,000 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Alkali metals, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	10
Mendeleev Number	3
Pettifor Number	10
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	289.7 ± 0.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3,923 a₀ 3,910 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2.1
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0018
Nombor kuantum	2S1/2
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Potassium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	27
Natural Isotopes	3

³¹K

Nombor jisim	31
nombor neutron	12
Jisim Atom Relatif	31.03678 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2019
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
3p	100%

³²K

Nombor jisim	32
nombor neutron	13
Jisim Atom Relatif	32.023607 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³³K

Nombor jisim	33
nombor neutron	14
Jisim Atom Relatif	33.008095 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³⁴K

Nombor jisim	34
nombor neutron	15
Jisim Atom Relatif	33.99869 ± 0.00021 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³⁵K

Nombor jisim	35
nombor neutron	16
Jisim Atom Relatif	34.988005406 ± 0.00000055 Da
g-factor	0.26133333333333 ± 0.0046666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	175.2 ± 1.9 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1976
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.37%

³⁶K

Nombor jisim	36
nombor neutron	17
Jisim Atom Relatif	35.981301887 ± 0.000000349 Da
g-factor	0.274 ± 0.0005
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	341 ± 3 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1967
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.048%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.0034%

³⁷K

Nombor jisim	37
nombor neutron	18
Jisim Atom Relatif	36.97337589 ± 0.0000001 Da
g-factor	0.13547333333333 ± 0.00004
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.23651 ± 0.00094 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.109 ± 0.004
tarikh penemuan	1958
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁸K

Nombor jisim	38
nombor neutron	19
Jisim Atom Relatif	37.969081114 ± 0.000000209 Da
g-factor	0.457 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	7.651 ± 0.019 m
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁹K

Nombor jisim	39
nombor neutron	20
Jisim Atom Relatif	38.96370648482 ± 0.00000000489 Da
g-factor	0.26098 ± 0.0000053333333333333
natural abundance	93.2581 ± 0.0044
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0603 ± 0.0006
tarikh penemuan	1921
parity	+

⁴⁰K

Nombor jisim	40
nombor neutron	21
Jisim Atom Relatif	39.963998165 ± 0.00000006 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	0.0117 ± 0.0001
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.248 ± 0.003 Gy
Spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.075 ± 0.0008
tarikh penemuan	1935
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	89.28%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	10.72%

⁴¹K

Nombor jisim	41
nombor neutron	22
Jisim Atom Relatif	40.96182525611 ± 0.00000000403 Da
g-factor	0.143248 ± 0.0000033333333333333
natural abundance	6.7302 ± 0.0044
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0734 ± 0.0007
tarikh penemuan	1921
parity	+

⁴²K

Nombor jisim	42
nombor neutron	23
Jisim Atom Relatif	41.962402305 ± 0.000000113 Da
g-factor	-0.57125 ± 0.0003
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	12.355 ± 0.007 h
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1935
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴³K

Nombor jisim	43
nombor neutron	24
Jisim Atom Relatif	42.960734701 ± 0.00000044 Da
g-factor	0.10886666666667 ± 0.00053333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	22.3 ± 0.1 h
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1949
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁴K

Nombor jisim	44
nombor neutron	25
Jisim Atom Relatif	43.961586984 ± 0.00000045 Da
g-factor	-0.428 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	22.13 ± 0.19 m
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1954
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁵K

Nombor jisim	45
nombor neutron	26
Jisim Atom Relatif	44.960691491 ± 0.00000056 Da
g-factor	0.1156 ± 0.00053333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.8 ± 0.6 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1964
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁶K

Nombor jisim	46
nombor neutron	27
Jisim Atom Relatif	45.961981584 ± 0.00000078 Da
g-factor	-0.5255 ± 0.003
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	96.3 ± 0.08 s
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1965
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷K

Nombor jisim	47
nombor neutron	28
Jisim Atom Relatif	46.961661612 ± 0.0000015 Da
g-factor	3.866 ± 0.018
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.38 ± 0.03 s
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1964
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸K

Nombor jisim	48
nombor neutron	29
Jisim Atom Relatif	47.965341184 ± 0.00000083 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	6.83 ± 0.14 s
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.14%

⁴⁹K

Nombor jisim	49
nombor neutron	30
Jisim Atom Relatif	48.968210753 ± 0.00000086 Da
g-factor	2.6772 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.26 ± 0.05 s
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	86%

⁵⁰K

Nombor jisim	50
nombor neutron	31
Jisim Atom Relatif	49.972380015 ± 0.0000083 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	472 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵¹K

Nombor jisim	51
nombor neutron	32
Jisim Atom Relatif	50.975828664 ± 0.000014 Da
g-factor	0.342 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	365 ± 5 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1983
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵²K

Nombor jisim	52
nombor neutron	33
Jisim Atom Relatif	51.981602 ± 0.000036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	110 ± 4 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1983
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	72.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)	2.3%

⁵³K

Nombor jisim	53
nombor neutron	34
Jisim Atom Relatif	52.9868 ± 0.00012 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	30 ± 5 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1983
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	64%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10%

⁵⁴K

Nombor jisim	54
nombor neutron	35
Jisim Atom Relatif	53.994471 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	10 ± 5 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1983
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁵K

Nombor jisim	55
nombor neutron	36
Jisim Atom Relatif	55.000505 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2009
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶K

Nombor jisim	56
nombor neutron	37
Jisim Atom Relatif	56.008567 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2009
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷K

Nombor jisim	57
nombor neutron	38
Jisim Atom Relatif	57.015169 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2018
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸K

Nombor jisim	58
nombor neutron	39
Jisim Atom Relatif	58.023543 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2019
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹K

Nombor jisim	59
nombor neutron	40
Jisim Atom Relatif	59.030864 ± 0.000859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2018
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Sir Humphrey Davy
tempat penemuan	England
tarikh penemuan	1807
Etimologi	English: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali).
sebutan	pe-TASS-i-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	20,900 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	399 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.2 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0.07 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.0004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5105
2	p	3.9728
2	s	5.9938
3	p	11.2744
3	s	10.3201
4	s	15.5048

Kalium on ChemicalAid

ChEBI ID	26216
ChemSpider ID	4575326
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID70820696
DrugBank ID	14500
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.290
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	211021
Golden ID	Potassium-GEEZJ
HSDB ID	698
ICSC ID	0716
ID BnF	121440770
ID Den Store Danske	kalium
ID Encyclopædia Universalis	potassium
ID Ensiklopedia Besar Rusia dalam talian	2035525
ID Ensiklopedia Britannica Dalam Talian	science/potassium
ID EuroVoc	2568
ID Freebase	/m/025s7j4
ID GND	4139553-0
ID Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana	0133931
ID J9U Perpustakaan Negara Israel	987007529540605171
ID KBpedia	Potassium
ID NE.se	kalium
ID NKCR AUT	ph705338
ID Namuwiki	칼륨
ID PSH	5746
ID Perbendaharaan Kata Pendidikan Australia	scot/3560
ID Store norske leksikon	kalium
ID Tesaurus BNCF	22579
ID Treccani	potassio
ID Vikidia Perancis	Potassium
ID WordNet 3.1 Synset	14674986-n
ID YSO	11555
ID bahan DSSTox	DTXSID9049748
ID dalam talian Brockhaus Enzyklopädie	kalium
ID kewibawaan Perpustakaan Kongres	sh85105593
ID pemerihal MeSH	D011188
ID topik Quora	Potassium
InChI	InChI=1S/K
InChIKey	ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KEGG ID	C00238
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/KALI.html
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	133174
Maksud Tertakrif OmegaWiki	7255
NDF-RT ID	N0000146069
OpenAlex ID	C517785266
Open Food Facts ingredient ID	potassium
PubChem CID	5462222
RxNorm ID	8588
Spanish Vikidia ID	Potasio
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kalium
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kalium_-_fysiologi
UMLS CUI	C0032821
UNII	RWP5GA015D
USGS Thesaurus ID	1543
ZVG number	8150
kod ATC	A12BA
nombor pendaftaran CAS	7440-09-7
pengecam AAT	300212821
pengecam NDL	00565080

Kalium (K)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Potassium

31K

32K

33K

34K

35K

36K

37K

38K

39K

40K

41K

42K

43K

44K

45K

46K

47K

48K

49K

50K

51K

52K

53K

54K

55K

56K

57K

58K

59K

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

³¹K

³²K

³³K

³⁴K

³⁵K

³⁶K

³⁷K

³⁸K

³⁹K

⁴⁰K

⁴¹K

⁴²K

⁴³K

⁴⁴K

⁴⁵K

⁴⁶K

⁴⁷K

⁴⁸K

⁴⁹K

⁵⁰K

⁵¹K

⁵²K

⁵³K

⁵⁴K

⁵⁵K

⁵⁶K

⁵⁷K

⁵⁸K

⁵⁹K