Kalium

Kalium (K)

chemical element with symbol K and atomic number 19
Atomic Number19
Atomic Weight39.0983
Nombor jisim39
Group1
Period4
Blocks
proton19 p+
neutron20 n0
Elektron19 e-
Animated Model Bohr of K (Kalium)

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom
220 pm
molar volume
Jejari kovalen
196 pm
Metallic Radius
203 pm
ionic radius
137 pm
Crystal Radius
151 pm
Jejari van der Waals
275 pm
ketumpatan
0.89 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Kalium020406080100120140160180200220240260280pmJejari AtomJejari KovalenMetallic RadiusJejari van der Waals

Sifat Kimia

tenaga
proton affinity
Pertalian elektron
0.50147 eV/particle
ionization energy
4.34066354 eV/particle
ionization energy of K (Kalium)
Entalpi pengewapan
2.33 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran
102.5 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation
Elektron
Petala elektron2, 8, 8, 1
Model Bohr: K (Kalium)
Elektron valens1
Teori ion Lewis: K (Kalium)
tatarajah elektron[Ar] 4s1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Enhanced Model Bohr of K (Kalium)
Orbital Diagram of K (Kalium)
Keadaan pengoksidaan-1, 1
Keelektronegatifan
0.82
Electrophilicity Index
0.7633848415985606 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas
fasa jirimSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
1,032.15 K
Melting Point
336.65 K
critical pressure
16 MPa
critical temperature
2,223.15 K
triple point
rupa
warna
Silver
rupasilvery gray
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity
Pengembangan terma
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
0.757 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
Kekonduksian elektrik
14 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik
0.00000007000000000002 m Ω
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
typeparamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
0.0000000067 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
0.000000000262 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
0.00000574
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal StructureBody Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant
5.23 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
0.4 MPa
Modulus pukal
3.1 GPa
shear modulus
1.3 GPa
Young's modulus
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi
2,000 m/s
pengelasan
CategoryAlkali metals, Alkali metals
CAS GroupIA
IUPAC GroupIA
Glawe Number10
Mendeleev Number3
Pettifor Number10
Geochemical Classalkali metal
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
289.7 ± 0.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
3,923 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section
2.1
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0018
Nombor kuantum2S1/2
space group229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Potassium

Stable Isotopes2
Unstable Isotopes27
Natural Isotopes3
Isotopic Composition3993.26%3993.26%416.73%416.73%400.01%400.01%

31K

Nombor jisim31
nombor neutron12
jisim atom relatif
31.03678 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2019
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
3p100%

32K

Nombor jisim32
nombor neutron13
jisim atom relatif
32.023607 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

33K

Nombor jisim33
nombor neutron14
jisim atom relatif
33.008095 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

34K

Nombor jisim34
nombor neutron15
jisim atom relatif
33.99869 ± 0.00021 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

35K

Nombor jisim35
nombor neutron16
jisim atom relatif
34.988005406 ± 0.00000055 Da
g-factor
0.26133333333333 ± 0.0046666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
175.2 ± 1.9 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1976
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.37%

36K

Nombor jisim36
nombor neutron17
jisim atom relatif
35.981301887 ± 0.000000349 Da
g-factor
0.274 ± 0.0005
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
341 ± 3 ms
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1967
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.048%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)0.0034%

37K

Nombor jisim37
nombor neutron18
jisim atom relatif
36.97337589 ± 0.0000001 Da
g-factor
0.13547333333333 ± 0.00004
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.23651 ± 0.00094 s
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.109 ± 0.004
tarikh penemuan1958
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

38K

Nombor jisim38
nombor neutron19
jisim atom relatif
37.969081114 ± 0.000000209 Da
g-factor
0.457 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
7.651 ± 0.019 m
Spin3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1937
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

39K

Nombor jisim39
nombor neutron20
jisim atom relatif
38.96370648482 ± 0.00000000489 Da
g-factor
0.26098 ± 0.0000053333333333333
natural abundance
93.2581 ± 0.0044
Reputan radioaktifIsotop stabil
setengah hayatNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.0603 ± 0.0006
tarikh penemuan1921
parity+

40K

Nombor jisim40
nombor neutron21
jisim atom relatif
39.963998165 ± 0.00000006 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
0.0117 ± 0.0001
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.248 ± 0.003 Gy
Spin4
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.075 ± 0.0008
tarikh penemuan1935
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)89.28%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)10.72%

41K

Nombor jisim41
nombor neutron22
jisim atom relatif
40.96182525611 ± 0.00000000403 Da
g-factor
0.143248 ± 0.0000033333333333333
natural abundance
6.7302 ± 0.0044
Reputan radioaktifIsotop stabil
setengah hayatNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.0734 ± 0.0007
tarikh penemuan1921
parity+

42K

Nombor jisim42
nombor neutron23
jisim atom relatif
41.962402305 ± 0.000000113 Da
g-factor
-0.57125 ± 0.0003
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
12.355 ± 0.007 h
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1935
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

43K

Nombor jisim43
nombor neutron24
jisim atom relatif
42.960734701 ± 0.00000044 Da
g-factor
0.10886666666667 ± 0.00053333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
22.3 ± 0.1 h
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1949
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

44K

Nombor jisim44
nombor neutron25
jisim atom relatif
43.961586984 ± 0.00000045 Da
g-factor
-0.428 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
22.13 ± 0.19 m
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1954
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

45K

Nombor jisim45
nombor neutron26
jisim atom relatif
44.960691491 ± 0.00000056 Da
g-factor
0.1156 ± 0.00053333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
17.8 ± 0.6 m
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1964
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

46K

Nombor jisim46
nombor neutron27
jisim atom relatif
45.961981584 ± 0.00000078 Da
g-factor
-0.5255 ± 0.003
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
96.3 ± 0.08 s
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1965
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

47K

Nombor jisim47
nombor neutron28
jisim atom relatif
46.961661612 ± 0.0000015 Da
g-factor
3.866 ± 0.018
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
17.38 ± 0.03 s
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1964
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

48K

Nombor jisim48
nombor neutron29
jisim atom relatif
47.965341184 ± 0.00000083 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
6.83 ± 0.14 s
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1972
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.14%

49K

Nombor jisim49
nombor neutron30
jisim atom relatif
48.968210753 ± 0.00000086 Da
g-factor
2.6772 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.26 ± 0.05 s
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1972
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)86%

50K

Nombor jisim50
nombor neutron31
jisim atom relatif
49.972380015 ± 0.0000083 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
472 ± 4 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1972
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)28.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

51K

Nombor jisim51
nombor neutron32
jisim atom relatif
50.975828664 ± 0.000014 Da
g-factor
0.342 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
365 ± 5 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1983
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

52K

Nombor jisim52
nombor neutron33
jisim atom relatif
51.981602 ± 0.000036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
110 ± 4 ms
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1983
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)72.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)2.3%

53K

Nombor jisim53
nombor neutron34
jisim atom relatif
52.9868 ± 0.00012 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
30 ± 5 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1983
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)64%
2n (2-neutron emission)10%

54K

Nombor jisim54
nombor neutron35
jisim atom relatif
53.994471 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
10 ± 5 ms
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1983
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

55K

Nombor jisim55
nombor neutron36
jisim atom relatif
55.000505 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2009
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

56K

Nombor jisim56
nombor neutron37
jisim atom relatif
56.008567 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2009
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

57K

Nombor jisim57
nombor neutron38
jisim atom relatif
57.015169 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2018
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

58K

Nombor jisim58
nombor neutron39
jisim atom relatif
58.023543 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2019
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

59K

Nombor jisim59
nombor neutron40
jisim atom relatif
59.030864 ± 0.000859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2018
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
Kalium

sejarah

penemu atau perekaSir Humphrey Davy
tempat penemuanEngland
tarikh penemuan1807
EtimologiEnglish: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali).
sebutanpe-TASS-i-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
20,900 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)
399 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
0.2 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
0.07 %
natural abundance (Matahari)
0.0004 %
Abundance in Universe
0.0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.5105
2p3.9728
2s5.9938
3p11.2744
3s10.3201
4s15.5048