Lawrencium (Lr)
Lawrencium is the 103rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Lr and atomic number of 103. It has an atomic weight of (262) and a mass number of 251. Lawrencium has one hundred three protons and one hundred forty-eight neutrons in its nucleus, and one hundred three electrons in seven shells. It is located in group Transition metals, period seven and block f of the periodic table. Appearance unknown, however it is most likely silvery-white or grey and metallic. Lawrencium is a synthetic rare-earth metal. There are eight known radioisotopes, the most stable being Lr-262 with a half-life of 3.6 hours. Due to the short half-life of lawrencium, and its radioactivity, there are no known uses for it. Identified by Albert Ghiorso in 1961 at Berkeley. It was produced by bombarding californium with boron ions. The name is temporary IUPAC nomenclature, the origin of the name comes from Ernest O. Lawrence, the inventor of the cyclotron. If sufficient amounts of lawrencium were produced, it would pose a radiation hazard.
| Atomic Number | 103 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 262 |
| Mass Number | 251 |
| Group | |
|---|---|
| Period | 7 |
| Block | f |
| Protons | 103 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 148 n0 |
| Electrons | 103 e- |
Properties
| Physical Properties | |
|---|---|
| Atomic Radius | |
| Molar Volume | |
| Covalent Radius | 161 pm
|
| Metallic Radius | |
| Ionic Radius | 107.4 pm
|
| Crystal Radius | 121.4 pm
|
| Van der Waals Radius |
246 pm
|
| Density | 15.6 g/cm³
|
| Energy | |
| Proton Affinity | |
| Electron Affinity | |
| Ionization Energy | 4.9 eV/particle
|
| Heat of Vaporization | |
| Heat of Fusion | |
| Heat of Formation | |
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d1 7s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 5f14 6d1 7s2 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | 3 |
| Electronegativity | |
| Electrophilicity Index | |
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Solid |
| Gas Phase | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Melting Point | 1,900.15 K
|
| Critical Pressure | |
| Critical Temperature | |
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Lawrencium is a Colorless. Lr has a CPK of #ffffff, Jmol of #c70066, and MOLCAS GV of #c70066. | |
| Color | Colorless
|
| Appearance | |
| Refractive Index | |
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | |
| Thermal Expansion | |
| Molar Heat Capacity | |
| Specific Heat Capacity | |
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | |
| Electrical Conductivity | |
| Electrical Resistivity | |
| Superconducting Point | |
| Magnetism | |
| Type | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | |
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The lattice angles of Lawrencium is . | |
| Crystal Structure | () |
| Lattice Constant | |
| Lattice Angles | |
| Mechanical Properties | |
| Hardness | |
| Bulk Modulus | |
| Shear Modulus | |
| Young's Modulus | |
| Poisson Ratio | |
| Speed of Sound | |
| Classification | |
The Glawe Number of Lawrencium is 47. The Mendeleev Number of Lr is 42. The Pettifor Number of Element 103 is 34. The Goldschmidt Class of Lawrencium (Lr) is synthetic. | |
| Category | Actinides, Transition metals |
| CAS Group | |
| IUPAC Group | |
| Glawe Number | 47 |
| Mendeleev Number | 42 |
| Pettifor Number | 34 |
| Geochemical Class | |
| Goldschmidt Class | synthetic |
| Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Lawrencium is 320 plus or minus 20 a₀. The Allotropes of Lr is . The Quantum Numbers of Element 103 is 2P1/2. The Space Group of Lawrencium (Lr) is (). | |
| Gas Basicity | |
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | |
| Quantum Numbers | 2P1/2 |
| Space Group | () |
Isotopes of Lawrencium
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 16 |
| Radioactive Isotopes | 16 |
251Lr
| Mass Number | 251 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 148 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| α (α emission) |
252Lr
| Mass Number | 252 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 149 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 369 ± 75 ms
|
| Spin | 7 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2001 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 98% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 2% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
253Lr
| Mass Number | 253 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 150 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 632 ± 46 ms
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1985 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 90% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 1% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
254Lr
| Mass Number | 254 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 151 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 12 ± 0.9 s
|
| Spin | 4 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1981 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 71.7% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 28.3% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 0.1% |
255Lr
| Mass Number | 255 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 152 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 31.1 ± 1.1 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1971 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 99.7% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.3% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) |
256Lr
| Mass Number | 256 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 153 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 27.9 ± 1 s
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1965 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 85% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 15% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 0.03% |
257Lr
| Mass Number | 257 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 154 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 6 ± 0.4 s
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1971 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 100% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| SF (spontaneous fission) |
258Lr
| Mass Number | 258 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 155 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.92 ± 0.33 s
|
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1971 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 97.4% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 2.6% |
259Lr
| Mass Number | 259 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 156 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 6.2 ± 0.3 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1971 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 78% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 22% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
260Lr
| Mass Number | 260 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 157 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3 ± 0.5 m
|
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1971 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 80% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 20% |
261Lr
| Mass Number | 261 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 158 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 39 ± 12 m
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
| α (α emission) |
262Lr
| Mass Number | 262 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 159 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 10% |
| α (α emission) |
263Lr
| Mass Number | 263 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 160 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) |
264Lr
| Mass Number | 264 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 161 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | |
| SF (spontaneous fission) |
265Lr
| Mass Number | 265 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 162 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | |
| SF (spontaneous fission) |
266Lr
| Mass Number | 266 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 163 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 22 ± 14 h
|
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2014 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
History
Lawrencium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon Larsh and Robert M. Latimer in 1961 at the University of California, Berkeley. It was produced by the bombardment of californium with boron atoms. Lawrencium was the last member of the actinide series to be discovered. Named after Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron
| Discoverers | A.Ghiorso, T.Sikkeland, A.E.Larsh, R.M.Latimer |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | United States |
| Discovery Year | 1961 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | Named in honor of Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron. |
| Pronunciation | lor-ENS-i-em (English) |
Lawrencium is harmful due to its radioactivity
Lawrencium is a trivalent ion in aqueous solution
Uses
Lawrencium is used for scientific research purposes only. It has no significant commercial applications.
Sources
Produced by bombarding californium with boron ions.
| Abundance | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Earth's crust | |
| Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
| Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0 %
|
| Abundance in Universe | 0 %
|
Nuclear Screening Constants
Also Known As
- Lr
- element 103
- 103Lr
Translations
- Frenchlawrencium
- GermanLawrencium
- Afrikaanslawrensium
- Amharicላውረንሲየም
- Arabicلورنسيوم
- AzerbaijaniLourensium
- BelarusianЛаўрэнсій
- Banglaলরেনসিয়াম
- Bosnianlorensij
- Catalanlawrenci
- CorsicanLaurenziu
- Czechlawrencium
- ChuvashЛоуренси
- WelshLawrenciwm
- Danishlawrencium
- Greekλωρένσιο
- Esperantolaŭrencio
- Spanishlawrencio
- Estonianlavrentsium
- Basquelawrentzio
- Persianلارنسیم
- Finnishlawrencium
- FriulianLaurenzi
- Irishláirinciam
- GalicianLaurencio
- ManxLawrencium
- Hakka Chineselawrencium
- Hebrewלורנציום
- Fiji HindiLawrencium
- Croatianlorensij
- Hungarianlaurencium
- Armenianլոուրենսիում
- Interlingualawrencium
- Indonesianlawrensium
- Idolaurencio
- Italianlaurenzio
- Japaneseローレンシウム
- Lojbanjinmrlorensi
- JavaneseLawrensium
- Georgianლოურენსიუმი
- Kannadaಲಾರೆನ್ಸಿಯಮ್
- Korean로렌슘
- KurdishLawrensiyûm
- KomiЛоуренсий
- Latinlawrencium
- LuxembourgishLawrencium
- LigurianLaurensio
- Lithuanianlaurencis
- Latvianlourensijs
- Malayalamലോറെൻസിയം
- Marathiलॉरेन्सियम
- Western MariЛоуренсий
- MalayLawrensium
- Burmeseလော်ရန်စီယမ်
- Dutchlawrencium
- Norwegian Nynorsklawrencium
- Polishlorens
- Portugueselaurêncio
- QuechuaLawrensyu
- Romanianlawrenciu
- Russianлоуренсий
- SakhaЛоренсиум
- Serbo-CroatianLorencijum
- Slovaklawrencium
- Slovenianlavrencij
- Serbianлоренцијум
- Saterland FrisianLawrencium
- Swedishlawrencium
- Thaiลอว์เรนเซียม
- Turkishlavrensiyum
- Uyghurلاۋرېنسىي
- Ukrainianлоуренсій
- Urdulawrencium
- VepsLourensii
- VietnameseLawrenci
- WarayLawrensyo
- KalmykЛоуренсиүм
- YorubaLawrencium
- Chinese鐒
- English (Canada)Lawrencium
- English (United Kingdom)lawrencium
- Chinese (China)铹
- Chinese (Simplified)铹
- Chinese (Traditional)鐒
- Norwegian Bokmållawrencium
- CebuanoLaurensyo
- Macedonianлоренциум
- Central Kurdishلۆرێنسیۆم
- pnbلارنسئیم
- KazakhЛоуренсий
- Gujaratiલોરેન્સીયમ
- Odiaଲରେନ୍ସିଅମ
- Occitanlawrencium
- TatarЛоуренсий
- Bulgarianлоуренсий
- PiedmonteseLowrensi
- Hindiलोरेनसियम
- Newariलरेन्सियम
- AlbanianLawrenciumi
- Tamilஇலாரென்சியம்
- Cantonese鐒
- Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Ляўрэнс
- UzbekLourensiy
- Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鐒
- Chinese (Taiwan)鐒
- Sicilianlaurenziu
- AromanianLawrenciu
- KyrgyzЛоуренсий
- Nepaliलरेन्सियम
- Sanskritलरेन्सियम
- Malteselawrenċju
- Scottish GaelicLawrencium
- LimburgishLawrencium
- Paliलरेन्सियम
- Bhojpuriलॉरेंशियम
- Teluguలారెన్షియం
- cdoLawrencium
- Min Nan ChineseLawrencium
- BretonLawrensiom
- Chinese (Macao SAR China)鐒
- Chinese (Malaysia)铹
- Chinese (Singapore)铹
- SomaliLawreensiyaam
- Portuguese (Brazil)laurêncio
- Lingua Franca Novalaurensio
- TagalogLawrensiyo
- kbpLawrɛnsɩyɔm
- AsturianLaurenciu
- Northern FrisianLawrentsium
- Volapüklaurensin
- Literary Chinese鐒
- oloLourensii
- Mongolianлоуренси
- TajikЛоуренсий
- SardinianLaurèntziu
- Wu Chinese铹
- Moroccan Arabicلاورينسيوم
- Egyptian Arabicلورنسيوم
- Pashtoلارېنسيوم
- CornishLawrenciom
- BalineseLawrénsium
- bclLawrensyo
