Atomic Number | 25 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 54.938044 |
Mass Number | 55 |
Group | 7 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | d |
Protons | 25 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 30 n0 |
Electrons | 25 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals Radius | |
Density |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | |
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 13, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2 |
Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Electronegativity | 1.55
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Manganese is a Silver. Mn has a CPK of #808090, Jmol of #9c7ac7, and MOLCAS GV of #9c7ac7. The Appearance of Element 25 is silvery metallic. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000121 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.0000000066475 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00090387
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Manganese is CUB. The lattice constant of Mn is 8.89 Å. The lattice angles of Element 25 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (CUB) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Manganese has a Brinell of 196 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 6 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Mn is 120 GPa. The Young Modulus of Element 25 is 198 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Manganese (Mn) is 5150 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Manganese is VIIA. The IUPAC Group of Mn is VIIB. The Glawe Number of Element 25 is 72. The Mendeleev Number of Manganese (Mn) is 55. The Pettifor Number of Manganese is 60. The Geochemical Class of Mn is first series transition metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 25 is siderophile. | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIIA |
IUPAC Group | VIIB |
Glawe Number | 72 |
Mendeleev Number | 55 |
Pettifor Number | 60 |
Geochemical Class | first series transition metal |
Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
The Gas Basicity of Manganese is 774.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Mn is 68 plus or minus 9 a₀. Element 25 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 552 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 635 a₀. The Allotropes of Manganese (Mn) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Manganese is 13.3. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Mn is 0.0083. The Quantum Numbers of Element 25 is 6S5/2. The Space Group of Manganese (Mn) is 217 (I_43m).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 13.3
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0083
|
Quantum Numbers | 6S5/2 |
Space Group | 217 (I_43m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 30 |
Natural Isotopes | 1 |
Mass Number | 43 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 18 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 44 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 19 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 45 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 20 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 46 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 21 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 36.2 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 57% |
2p (2-proton emission) | 18% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) |
Mass Number | 47 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 22 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 88 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.7% |
Mass Number | 48 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 23 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 158.1 ± 2.2 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.28% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 6% |
Mass Number | 49 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 24 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 382 ± 7 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 50 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 25 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 283.21 ± 0.07 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 51 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 26 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.43 ± 0.0016
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 45.81 ± 0.21 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.41 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 52 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 27 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.51036666666667 ± 0.0002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.591 ± 0.003 d
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.5 ± 0.07
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 53 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 28 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.438 ± 0.0014285714285714
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.7 ± 0.4 My
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.17 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Mass Number | 54 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 29 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.099 ± 0.001
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 312.081 ± 0.032 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.37 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | 0.93% |
e+ (positron emission) | 1.28% |
Mass Number | 55 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 30 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 100
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.33 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1923 |
Parity | - |
Mass Number | 56 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 31 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.08 ± 0.00066666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.5789 ± 0.0001 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.24 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 57 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 32 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.3924 ± 0.0008
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 85.4 ± 1.8 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.37 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 58 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 33 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.623 ± 0.002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.03 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 59 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 34 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.3976 ± 0.0012
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4.59 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.34 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 60 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 35 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.488 ± 0.007
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 280 ± 20 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 61 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 36 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.4132 ± 0.0008
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 709 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.36 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 62 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 37 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.384 ± 0.007
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 92 ± 13 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 63 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 38 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.3756 ± 0.0012
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 275 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.48 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 64 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 39 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.085 ± 0.003
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 88.8 ± 2.4 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.7% |
Mass Number | 65 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 40 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 91.9 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 7.9% |
Mass Number | 66 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 41 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 63.8 ± 0.9 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 7.4% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 67 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 42 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 46.7 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 10% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 68 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 43 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 33.7 ± 1.5 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 18% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 69 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 44 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22.1 ± 1.6 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 40% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 70 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 45 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 19.9 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 71 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 46 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 72 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 47 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 73 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 48 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) |
By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite contained a new element, but they were not able to isolate it. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, by reducing the dioxide with carbon. From the Latin word magnes, magnet, from magnetic properties of pyrolusite
Discoverers | Johann Gahn |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1774 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: magnes (magnet); Italian: manganese. |
Pronunciation | MAN-ge-nees (English) |
Most abundant ores are pyrolusite (MnO2), psilomelane [(Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10] and rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Pure metal produced by mixing MnO2 with powered Al and ignited in a furnace.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0.00002 %
|
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.27 %
|
Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.001 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0008 %
|
1 | s | 0.6043 |
2 | p | 3.916 |
2 | s | 7.2062 |
3 | d | 14.4718 |
3 | p | 12.8908 |
3 | s | 11.9821 |
4 | s | 19.7168 |