Atomic Number | 25 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 54.938044 |
Mass Number | 55 |
Group | 7 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | d |
Protons | 25 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 30 n0 |
Electrons | 25 e- |
Atomic Radius | 140 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 7.39 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 119 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 118 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 66 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 80 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 205 pm
|
Density | 7.3 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | 797.3 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | 7.434018 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 221 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 13.4 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 283.3 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 13, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 4 |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Electronegativity | 1.55
|
Electrophilicity | |
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 2,334.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,519.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | 4,325.15 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000217 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 26.32 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.479 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 0.62 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000016 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000121 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.0000000066475 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00090387
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | 100 K
|
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (CUB) |
Lattice Constant | 8.89 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 6 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 120 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | |
Young Modulus | 198 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | 5,150 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIIA |
IUPAC Group | VIIB |
Glawe Number | 72 |
Mendeleev Number | 55 |
Pettifor Number | 60 |
Geochemical Class | first series transition metal |
Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | 774.4 kJ/mol
|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 552 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 13.3
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0083
|
Quantum Numbers | 6S5/2 |
Space Group | 217 (I_43m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 30 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 27 |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 43 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 44 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 45 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 46 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 36.2 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 57% |
2p (2-proton emission) | 18% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 47 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 88 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 48 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 158.1 ± 2.2 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.28% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 49 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 382 ± 7 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 50 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 283.21 ± 0.07 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 51 |
G-Factor | 1.43 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | 45.81 ± 0.21 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.41 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 52 |
G-Factor | 0.51036666666667 ± 0.0002
|
Half Life | 5.591 ± 0.003 d
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.5 ± 0.07
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 53 |
G-Factor | 1.438 ± 0.0014285714285714
|
Half Life | 3.7 ± 0.4 My
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.17 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 54 |
G-Factor | 1.099 ± 0.001
|
Half Life | 312.081 ± 0.032 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.37 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | 0.93% |
e+ (positron emission) | 1.28% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 55 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.33 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1923 |
Parity | - |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 56 |
G-Factor | 1.08 ± 0.00066666666666667
|
Half Life | 2.5789 ± 0.0001 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.24 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 57 |
G-Factor | 1.3924 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 85.4 ± 1.8 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.37 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 58 |
G-Factor | 2.623 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 3 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.03 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 59 |
G-Factor | 1.3976 ± 0.0012
|
Half Life | 4.59 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.34 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 60 |
G-Factor | 2.488 ± 0.007
|
Half Life | 280 ± 20 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 61 |
G-Factor | 1.4132 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 709 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.36 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 62 |
G-Factor | 2.384 ± 0.007
|
Half Life | 92 ± 13 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 63 |
G-Factor | 1.3756 ± 0.0012
|
Half Life | 275 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.48 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 64 |
G-Factor | 2.085 ± 0.003
|
Half Life | 88.8 ± 2.4 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 65 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 91.9 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 7.9% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 66 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 63.8 ± 0.9 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 7.4% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 67 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 46.7 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 10% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 68 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 33.7 ± 1.5 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 18% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 69 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 22.1 ± 1.6 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 40% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 70 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.9 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 71 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 72 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite contained a new element, but they were not able to isolate it. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, by reducing the dioxide with carbon. From the Latin word magnes, magnet, from magnetic properties of pyrolusite
Discoverers | Johann Gahn |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1774 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: magnes (magnet); Italian: manganese. |
Pronunciation | MAN-ge-nees (English) |
Most abundant ores are pyrolusite (MnO2), psilomelane [(Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10] and rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Pure metal produced by mixing MnO2 with powered Al and ignited in a furnace.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 950 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | 0.0002 mg/L
|
Abundance in Human Body | 0.00002 %
|
Abundance in Meteor | 0.27 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0.001 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0008 %
|
1 | s | 0.6043 |
2 | p | 3.916 |
2 | s | 7.2062 |
3 | d | 14.4718 |
3 | p | 12.8908 |
3 | s | 11.9821 |
4 | s | 19.7168 |