Atomic Number | 78 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 195.084 |
Mass Number | 195 |
Group | 10 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 78 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 117 n0 |
Electrons | 78 e- |
Atomic Radius | 135 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 9.1 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 123 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 130 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 60 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 74 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 213 pm
|
Density | 21.5 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 2.128 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 8.95883 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 470 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 21.76 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 565.7 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 |
Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
Electronegativity | 2.2
|
Electrophilicity | 2.249320350691278 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 4,098.15 K
|
Melting Point | 2,041.35 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 71.6 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000089 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.86 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.133 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 9.4 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000011 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000122 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.00000000238 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0002573
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Lattice Constant | 3.92 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 3.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 230 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 61 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 168 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.38
|
Speed of Sound | 2,680 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIIIA |
IUPAC Group | VIII |
Glawe Number | 64 |
Mendeleev Number | 69 |
Pettifor Number | 68 |
Geochemical Class | noble metal |
Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 10
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.002
|
Quantum Numbers | 3D3 |
Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 6 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 38 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 39 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 370 ± 180 us
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2019 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 294 ± 62 us
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 915 ± 123 us
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.02 ± 0.1 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.99 ± 0.09 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 13.93 ± 0.16 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 45.5 ± 2.5 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 86% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 97.6 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 96% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 382 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 86% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 862 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 74.9% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.43 ± 0.04 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 64% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 6.33 ± 0.15 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | 40% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 94.3% |
α (α emission) | 5.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 20.7 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 92.3% |
α (α emission) | 7.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 179 |
G-Factor | 0.86 ± 0.06
|
Half Life | 21.2 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.24% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 180 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 56 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.48% |
α (α emission) | 0.52% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 181 |
G-Factor | 0.96 ± 0.04
|
Half Life | 52 ± 2.2 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.074% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 182 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.67 ± 0.12 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.962% |
α (α emission) | 0.038% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 183 |
G-Factor | 1 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 6.5 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.0096% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 17.3 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.0017% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | -0.16 ± 0.0024444444444444
|
Half Life | 70.9 ± 2.4 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.005% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.08 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 1.4% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | -0.26466666666667 ± 0.0053333333333333
|
Half Life | 2.35 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 10.16 ± 0.18 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 2.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 189 |
G-Factor | -0.292 ± 0.0053333333333333
|
Half Life | 10.87 ± 0.12 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 0.012 ± 0.002
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 190 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 483 ± 3 Gy
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 191 |
G-Factor | -0.33266666666667 ± 0.0033333333333333
|
Half Life | 2.83 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.782 ± 0.024
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 192 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 193 |
G-Factor | 1.202 ± 0.016
|
Half Life | 50 ± 6 y
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 32.864 ± 0.41
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 194 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 33.775 ± 0.24
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 195 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | 25.211 ± 0.34
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 196 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 197 |
G-Factor | 1.02 ± 0.04
|
Half Life | 19.8915 ± 0.0019 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1936 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 7.356 ± 0.13
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 198 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 199 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30.8 ± 0.21 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 200 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 12.6 ± 0.3 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 201 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.5 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1962 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 202 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 44 ± 15 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 203 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 22 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2008 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 204 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 10.3 ± 1.4 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2008 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 205 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 206 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 207 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 208 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Platinum was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts. Antonio de Ulloa published his findings about platinum in 1748, but Sir Charles Wood also investigated the metal in 1741. First reference to it as a new metal was made by William Brownrigg in 1750. From the Spanish word platina, meaning silver
Discoverers | Julius Scaliger |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Italy |
Discovery Year | 1735 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Spanish: platina (little silver). |
Pronunciation | PLAT-n-em (English) |
Produced from deposits of native, or elemental, platinum.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.005 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | |
Abundance in Human Body | |
Abundance in Meteor | 0.000098 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0.0000009 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0000005 %
|
1 | s | 1.506 |
2 | p | 4.4746 |
2 | s | 20.3702 |
3 | d | 13.5027 |
3 | p | 22.1139 |
3 | s | 23.0157 |
4 | d | 37.37 |
4 | f | 38.494 |
4 | p | 35.2696 |
4 | s | 34.3612 |
5 | d | 58.5925 |
5 | p | 53.5805 |
5 | s | 51.412 |
6 | s | 67.2486 |