Platinum (Pt)

Platinum is the 78th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Pt and atomic number of 78. It has an atomic weight of 195.084 and a mass number of 195. Platinum has seventy-eight protons and one hundred seventeen neutrons in its nucleus, and seventy-eight electrons in six shells. It is located in group ten, period six and block d of the periodic table. Attractive greyish-white metal. When pure, it is malleable and ductile. Does not oxidize in air, insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid. Corroded by halogens, cyandies, sulphur and alkalis. Hydrogen and Oxygen react explosively in the presence of platinumpy. There are six stable isotopes and three radioisotopes, the most stable being Pt-193 with a half-life of 60 years. Platinum is used in jewelry, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts, dentistry, and anti-pollution devices in cars. PtCl2(NH3)2 is used to treat some forms of cancer. Platinum-Cobalt alloys have magnetic properties. It is also used in the definition of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode. Discovered by Antonio de Ulloa in South America in 1735. The name comes from the Spanish word platina which means silver. Platinum metal is generally not a health concern due to its unreactivity, however platinum compounds should be considered highly toxic.

Atomic Number	78
Atomic Weight	195.084
Mass Number	195

Group	10
Period	6
Block	d

Protons	78 p⁺
Neutrons	117 n⁰
Electrons	78 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	135 pm 230 pm
Molar Volume	9.1 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	123 pm 112 pm 110 pm 136 pm
Metallic Radius	130 pm 139 pm
Ionic Radius	60 pm 80 pm 62.5 pm 57 pm
Crystal Radius	74 pm 94 pm 76.5 pm 71 pm
Van der Waals Radius	205 pm 213 pm 239 pm 275.4 pm
Density	21.5 g/cm³ 19,770 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	2.128 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.95883 eV/particle 18.56 eV/particle 29 eV/particle 43 eV/particle 56 eV/particle 75 eV/particle 91 eV/particle 109 eV/particle 126 eV/particle 144.9 eV/particle 220.4 eV/particle 245 eV/particle 269 eV/particle 293 eV/particle 332 eV/particle 358 eV/particle 392 eV/particle 445 eV/particle 479 eV/particle 507 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 610 eV/particle 660 eV/particle 710 eV/particle 760 eV/particle 820 eV/particle 870 eV/particle 930 eV/particle 980 eV/particle 1,040 eV/particle 1,090 eV/particle 1,140 eV/particle 1,402 eV/particle 1,454 eV/particle 1,509 eV/particle 1,567 eV/particle 1,624 eV/particle 1,680 eV/particle 1,763 eV/particle 1,821 eV/particle 1,883 eV/particle 1,941 eV/particle 2,171 eV/particle 2,228 eV/particle 2,291 eV/particle 2,350 eV/particle 2,536 eV/particle 2,603 eV/particle 2,762 eV/particle 2,827.8 eV/particle 4,715 eV/particle 4,839 eV/particle 4,980 eV/particle 5,128 eV/particle 5,270 eV/particle 5,410 eV/particle 5,654 eV/particle 5,800 eV/particle 5,959 eV/particle 6,106 eV/particle 6,517 eV/particle 6,646 eV/particle 6,787 eV/particle 6,918 eV/particle 7,512 eV/particle 7,660 eV/particle 7,960 eV/particle 8,100 eV/particle 17,540 eV/particle 17,890 eV/particle 18,280 eV/particle 18,630 eV/particle 20,840 eV/particle 21,280 eV/particle 21,840 eV/particle 22,205.7 eV/particle 88,955.17 eV/particle 90,660 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	470 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	21.76 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	565.7 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1

Valence Electrons	1 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

Oxidation States	-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Electronegativity	10.16 eV/particle 0.25691 2.2
Electrophilicity Index	2.249320350691278 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	4,098.15 K
Melting Point	2,041.35 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Platinum is a Gray. Pt has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #d0d0e0, and MOLCAS GV of #d0d0e0. The Appearance of Element 78 is silvery white.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #d0d0e0 #d0d0e0
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	71.6 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000089 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.86 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.133 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	9.4 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000011 Ω*m
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000122 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.00000000238 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0002573
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Platinum is FCC. The lattice constant of Pt is 3.92 Å. The lattice angles of Element 78 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	3.92 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Platinum has a Brinell of 392 MPa, Mohs hardness of 3.5 MPa, and Vickers of 549 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Pt is 230 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 78 is 61 GPa. The Young Modulus of Platinum (Pt) is 168 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Platinum is 0.38. The Speed of Sound of Pt is 2680 m/s.
Hardness	392 MPa 3.5 MPa 549 MPa
Bulk Modulus	230 GPa
Shear Modulus	61 GPa
Young's Modulus	168 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.38
Speed of Sound	2,680 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Platinum is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Pt is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 78 is 64. The Mendeleev Number of Platinum (Pt) is 69. The Pettifor Number of Platinum is 68. The Geochemical Class of Pt is noble metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 78 is siderophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	64
Mendeleev Number	69
Pettifor Number	68
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt Class	siderophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Platinum is 48 plus or minus 4 a₀. Pt has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 470 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 78 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Platinum (Pt) is 10. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Platinum is 0.002. The Quantum Numbers of Pt is 3D3. The Space Group of Element 78 is 225 (Fm_3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	48 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	470 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	10
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.002
Quantum Numbers	3D3
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Platinum

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	42
Natural Isotopes	6

¹⁶⁵Pt

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	164.999658 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	370 ± 180 us
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2019
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁶⁶Pt

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	165.994866 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	294 ± 62 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁶⁷Pt

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	166.99275 ± 0.000329 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	915 ± 123 us
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁶⁸Pt

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	167.988180196 ± 0.00016096 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.02 ± 0.1 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁶⁹Pt

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	168.986619 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.99 ± 0.09 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷⁰Pt

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	169.982502087 ± 0.000019588 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.93 ± 0.16 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷¹Pt

Mass Number	171
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	170.981248868 ± 0.000086904 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	45.5 ± 2.5 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	86%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷²Pt

Mass Number	172
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	171.977341059 ± 0.000011139 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	97.6 ± 1.3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	96%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷³Pt

Mass Number	173
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	172.976449922 ± 0.000068096 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	382 ± 2 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	86%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷⁴Pt

Mass Number	174
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	173.972820431 ± 0.000011098 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	862 ± 8 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	74.9%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷⁵Pt

Mass Number	175
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	174.972400593 ± 0.000019982 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.43 ± 0.04 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	64%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁷⁶Pt

Mass Number	176
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	175.968938162 ± 0.000013647 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.33 ± 0.15 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
α (α emission)	40%

¹⁷⁷Pt

Mass Number	177
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	176.968469541 ± 0.00001609 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10 ± 0.4 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	94.3%
α (α emission)	5.7%

¹⁷⁸Pt

Mass Number	178
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	177.965649288 ± 0.000010878 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	20.7 ± 0.7 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	92.3%
α (α emission)	7.7%

¹⁷⁹Pt

Mass Number	179
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	178.965358742 ± 0.000008563 Da
G-Factor	0.86 ± 0.06
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	21.2 ± 0.4 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.24%

¹⁸⁰Pt

Mass Number	180
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	179.96303801 ± 0.00001079 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	56 ± 3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.48%
α (α emission)	0.52%

¹⁸¹Pt

Mass Number	181
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	180.963089946 ± 0.000014695 Da
G-Factor	0.96 ± 0.04
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	52 ± 2.2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.074%

¹⁸²Pt

Mass Number	182
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	181.961171605 ± 0.000014057 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.67 ± 0.12 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.962%
α (α emission)	0.038%

¹⁸³Pt

Mass Number	183
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	182.961595895 ± 0.000015261 Da
G-Factor	1 ± 0.01
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.5 ± 1 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0096%

¹⁸⁴Pt

Mass Number	184
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	183.959921929 ± 0.000015828 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.3 ± 0.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0017%

¹⁸⁵Pt

Mass Number	185
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	184.960613659 ± 0.000027731 Da
G-Factor	-0.16 ± 0.0024444444444444
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	70.9 ± 2.4 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.005%

¹⁸⁶Pt

Mass Number	186
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	185.959350845 ± 0.000023344 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.08 ± 0.05 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	1.4%

¹⁸⁷Pt

Mass Number	187
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	186.960616646 ± 0.000025837 Da
G-Factor	-0.26466666666667 ± 0.0053333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.35 ± 0.03 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸⁸Pt

Mass Number	188
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	187.959397521 ± 0.000005694 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.16 ± 0.18 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%
α (α emission)	2.6%

¹⁸⁹Pt

Mass Number	189
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	188.960848485 ± 0.000010832 Da
G-Factor	-0.292 ± 0.0053333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.87 ± 0.12 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁹⁰Pt

Mass Number	190
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	189.959949823 ± 0.000000705 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.012 ± 0.002
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	483 ± 3 Gy
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁹¹Pt

Mass Number	191
Neutron Number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	190.961676261 ± 0.00000443 Da
G-Factor	-0.33266666666667 ± 0.0033333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.83 ± 0.02 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁹²Pt

Mass Number	192
Neutron Number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	191.961042667 ± 0.000002758 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.782 ± 0.024
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)

¹⁹³Pt

Mass Number	193
Neutron Number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	192.962984546 ± 0.000001458 Da
G-Factor	1.202 ± 0.016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	50 ± 6 y
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁹⁴Pt

Mass Number	194
Neutron Number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	193.962683498 ± 0.000000532 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	32.864 ± 0.41
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁹⁵Pt

Mass Number	195
Neutron Number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	194.964794325 ± 0.00000054 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	33.775 ± 0.24
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)

¹⁹⁶Pt

Mass Number	196
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	195.964954648 ± 0.000000547 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	25.211 ± 0.34
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁹⁷Pt

Mass Number	197
Neutron Number	119
Relative Atomic Mass	196.96734303 ± 0.000000575 Da
G-Factor	1.02 ± 0.04
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.8915 ± 0.0019 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁸Pt

Mass Number	198
Neutron Number	120
Relative Atomic Mass	197.967896718 ± 0.000002254 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	7.356 ± 0.13
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)
α (α emission)

¹⁹⁹Pt

Mass Number	199
Neutron Number	121
Relative Atomic Mass	198.970597022 ± 0.000002317 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30.8 ± 0.21 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁰⁰Pt

Mass Number	200
Neutron Number	122
Relative Atomic Mass	199.971444609 ± 0.000021588 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	12.6 ± 0.3 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁰¹Pt

Mass Number	201
Neutron Number	123
Relative Atomic Mass	200.974513305 ± 0.000053788 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.5 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1962
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁰²Pt

Mass Number	202
Neutron Number	124
Relative Atomic Mass	201.975639 ± 0.000027 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	44 ± 15 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁰³Pt

Mass Number	203
Neutron Number	125
Relative Atomic Mass	202.979055 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	22 ± 4 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁰⁴Pt

Mass Number	204
Neutron Number	126
Relative Atomic Mass	203.981084 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.3 ± 1.4 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁰⁵Pt

Mass Number	205
Neutron Number	127
Relative Atomic Mass	204.986237 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

²⁰⁶Pt

Mass Number	206
Neutron Number	128
Relative Atomic Mass	205.99008 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²⁰⁷Pt

Mass Number	207
Neutron Number	129
Relative Atomic Mass	206.995556 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²⁰⁸Pt

Mass Number	208
Neutron Number	130
Relative Atomic Mass	207.999463 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Platinum was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts. Antonio de Ulloa published his findings about platinum in 1748, but Sir Charles Wood also investigated the metal in 1741. First reference to it as a new metal was made by William Brownrigg in 1750. From the Spanish word platina, meaning silver

Discoverers	Julius Scaliger
Discovery Location	Italy
Discovery Year	1735
Etymology (Name Origin)	Spanish: platina (little silver).
Pronunciation	PLAT-n-em (English)

Platinum is considered to be non-toxic

Platinum exists in higher abundances on the Moon and in meteorites

Uses

The most common use of platinum is as a catalyst in chemical reactions. Platinum is used in jewelry, decoration and dental work. Platinum-cobalt, an alloy of roughly three parts platinum and one part cobalt, is used to make relatively strong permanent magnets. Platinum-based anodes are used in ships, pipelines, and steel piers. Used in jewelry, to make crucible and special containers and as a catalyst. Used with cobalt to produce very strong magnets. Also to make standard weights and measures. Resists corrosion and acid attacks except aqua regia.

Sources

Produced from deposits of native, or elemental, platinum.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.005 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000098 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000009 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.506
2	p	4.4746
2	s	20.3702
3	d	13.5027
3	p	22.1139
3	s	23.0157
4	d	37.37
4	f	38.494
4	p	35.2696
4	s	34.3612
5	d	58.5925
5	p	53.5805
5	s	51.412
6	s	67.2486

Also Known As

Pt
element 78
78Pt

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålplatina
Russianплатина
Italianplatino
Frenchplatine
Spanishplatino
Norwegian Nynorskplatina
Hungarianplatina
GermanPlatin
Afrikaansplatinum
Amharicፕላቲነም
AragonesePlatín
Arabicبلاتين
AzerbaijaniPlatin
BelarusianПлаціна
Bulgarianплатина
Banglaপ্লাটিনাম
Bosnianplatina
Catalanplatí
CherokeeᏝᏘᏅᎻ
CorsicanPlatinu
Czechplatina
ChuvashПлатина
WelshPlatinwm
Danishplatin
Greekλευκόχρυσος
Esperantoplateno
EstonianPlaatina
Basqueplatino
Persianپلاتین
Finnishplatina
FriulianPlatin
IrishPlatanam
GalicianPlatino
Manxplatinum
Hakka ChinesePha̍k-kîm
Hebrewפלטינה
Fiji HindiPlatinum
CroatianPlatina
Haitian CreolePlatin
Armenianպլատին
InterlinguaPlatino
Indonesianplatina
IdoPlatino
Icelandicplatína
Japanese白金
Lojbanlo jinmrplati
Georgianპლატინა
KazakhПлатина
Kannadaಪ್ಲಾಟಿನಮ್
Korean백금
KurdishPlatîn
KomiПлатина
Latinplatinum
LuxembourgishPlatin
lbeКӀяла муси
LigurianPatin
LithuanianPlatina
Latvianplatīns
Macedonianплатина
Malayalamപ്ലാറ്റിനം
Marathiप्लॅटिनम
Western MariПлатина
MalayPlatinum
Burmeseရွှေဖြူ
ErzyaАшо киве
Low GermanPlatin
Dutchplatina
OccitanPlatin
Polishplatyna
Western Panjabiپلاٹینم
Portugueseplatina
QuechuaQullqiya
Romanianplatină
Sicilianplatinu
Serbo-Croatianplatina
SlovakPlatina
Slovenianplatina
AlbanianPlatina
Serbianплатина
Saterland FrisianPlatin
Swedishplatina
SwahiliPlatini
Tamilபிளாட்டினம்
TajikПлатина
Thaiแพลทินัม
TagalogPlatino
TurkishPlatin
Uyghurئاق ئالتۇن
Ukrainianплатина
Urduپلاٹینیم
VepsPlatin
Vietnameseplatin
WarayPlatino
KalmykПлатинум
Yiddishפלאטין
YorubaPlatinum
Chinese铂
CebuanoPlatino
Central Kurdishپلاتین
Punjabiਪਲੈਟੀਨਮ
BretonPlatin
Hindiप्लैटिनम
Gujaratiપ્લેટિનમ
Odiaପ୍ଲାଟିନମ
Scotsplatinum
PiedmontesePlàtin
TatarАгалтын
KikuyuPlatinum
SomaliBalatiniyaam
Literary Chinese鉑
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Плятына
Cantonese白金
Min Nan ChinesePe̍h-kim
Newariप्वलाख
UzbekPlatina
Chinese (Taiwan)鉑
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鉑
Chinese (Traditional)鉑
Chinese (China)铂
Chinese (Simplified)铂
AromanianPlatinâ
cdoBăh-gĭng
KashubianPlatëna
KyrgyzПлатина
Malteseplatinu
Nepaliप्लाटिनम
Scottish GaelicPlatanum
ZhuangGimhau
Portuguese (Brazil)platina
Sanskritप्लाटिनम
azbپلاتین
Asturianplatín
Bhojpuriप्लैटिनम
Mongolianцагаан алт
SundanesePlatinum
Tibetanབེ་ལེ་ཊི་ནམ།
Uyghur (Arabic)ئاق ئالتۇن
Uyghur (Latin)Platina
Teluguప్లాటినం
English (United Kingdom)platinum
Lingua Franca Novaplatino
kbpPlatɩnɩ
Wu Chinese铂
oloPlatinu
Northern FrisianPlaatin
LimburgishPlatina
LombardPlatino
BavarianPlatin
SardinianPlàtinu
BashkirАҡ алтын
Moroccan Arabicپلاتين
Egyptian Arabicبلاتين
Pashtoپلاټينيوم
Cornishplatinom
lldPlatin
BikolPlatino
Manipuriꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯝ
BalinesePlatinum
AtikamekwPiwapiskw
ZuluIKhazi

Platinum on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_33116
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011031
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3557
BNCF Thesaurus ID	38673
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11933151c
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	platin
CAB ID	247437
CAS Registry Number	7440-06-4
ChEBI ID	33364
Den Store Danske ID	platin
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/platinum
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	platine-et-platinoides
Freebase ID	/m/025s7y2
French Vikidia ID	Platine
GND ID	4174856-6
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0052942
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3144162
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013671
ICSC ID	1393
IEDB Epitope ID	114076
KBpedia ID	Platinum
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/PLATINA.html
LEM ID	LEM201007234
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85103305
MeSH descriptor ID	D010984
NALT ID	58752
NDL Authority ID	00575831
NKCR AUT ID	ph124109
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007555841105171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	2842
OpenAlex ID	C518104683
OpenAlex ID	C3017570876
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtbLhpWhz8H6
PSH ID	5784
SELIBR ID	156616
STW Thesaurus for Economics ID	14306-6
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1000929
Spanish Vikidia ID	Platino
Store norske leksikon ID	platina
Treccani ID	platino
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	12164
USGS Thesaurus ID	1538
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Platinum"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14673721-n
YSO ID	12535

Platinum (Pt)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Platinum

165Pt

166Pt

167Pt

168Pt

169Pt

170Pt

171Pt

172Pt

173Pt

174Pt

175Pt

176Pt

177Pt

178Pt

179Pt

180Pt

181Pt

182Pt

183Pt

184Pt

185Pt

186Pt

187Pt

188Pt

189Pt

190Pt

191Pt

192Pt

193Pt

194Pt

195Pt

196Pt

197Pt

198Pt

199Pt

200Pt

201Pt

202Pt

203Pt

204Pt

205Pt

206Pt

207Pt

208Pt