Rhenium (Re)

Rhenium is the 75th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Re and atomic number of 75. It has an atomic weight of 186.207 and a mass number of 187. Rhenium has seventy-five protons and one hundred twelve neutrons in its nucleus, and seventy-five electrons in six shells. It is located in group seven, period six and block d of the periodic table. Silvery-white metallic transition element. Obtained as a by-product of molybdenum refinement. Rhenium-molybdenum alloys are superconducting.

Atomic Number	75
Atomic Weight	186.207
Mass Number	187

Group	7
Period	6
Block	d

Protons	75 p⁺
Neutrons	112 n⁰
Electrons	75 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	135 pm 249 pm
Molar Volume	8.85 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	131 pm 119 pm 110 pm 151 pm
Metallic Radius	128 pm 137 pm
Ionic Radius	63 pm 58 pm 55 pm 38 pm 53 pm
Crystal Radius	77 pm 72 pm 69 pm 52 pm 67 pm
Van der Waals Radius	205 pm 216 pm 237 pm 295.4 pm
Density	20.8 g/cm³ 18,900 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.15 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.83352 eV/particle 16.6 eV/particle 27 eV/particle 39.1 eV/particle 51.9 eV/particle 67 eV/particle 82.71 eV/particle 144.4 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 187 eV/particle 208 eV/particle 236 eV/particle 268 eV/particle 291 eV/particle 330 eV/particle 377 eV/particle 403 eV/particle 429 eV/particle 476 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 570 eV/particle 620 eV/particle 670 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 760 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 860 eV/particle 910 eV/particle 953 eV/particle 1,194 eV/particle 1,242 eV/particle 1,294 eV/particle 1,349 eV/particle 1,402 eV/particle 1,454 eV/particle 1,530 eV/particle 1,583 eV/particle 1,641 eV/particle 1,696 eV/particle 1,912 eV/particle 1,966 eV/particle 2,025 eV/particle 2,080 eV/particle 2,240 eV/particle 2,302 eV/particle 2,450 eV/particle 2,514.54 eV/particle 4,214 eV/particle 4,335 eV/particle 4,468 eV/particle 4,609 eV/particle 4,745 eV/particle 4,877 eV/particle 5,099 eV/particle 5,236 eV/particle 5,388 eV/particle 5,528 eV/particle 5,919 eV/particle 6,042 eV/particle 6,176 eV/particle 6,300 eV/particle 6,810 eV/particle 6,952 eV/particle 7,230 eV/particle 7,366 eV/particle 16,080 eV/particle 16,410 eV/particle 16,780 eV/particle 17,120 eV/particle 19,000 eV/particle 19,420 eV/particle 19,950 eV/particle 20,297.4 eV/particle 81,556.9 eV/particle 83,162.3 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	704 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	34 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	774 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²

Oxidation States	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Electronegativity	9.46 eV/particle 0.2435164 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1.0369041726708592 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	5,863.15 K
Melting Point	3,458.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Rhenium is a Gray. Re has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #267dab, and MOLCAS GV of #267dab. The Appearance of Element 75 is silvery-grayish.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #267dab #267dab
Appearance	silvery-grayish
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	48 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000062 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.48 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.137 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	5.6 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000018 m Ω
Superconducting Point	1.7 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000000456 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000849 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0000959
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Rhenium is HEX. The lattice constant of Re is 2.76 Å. The lattice angles of Element 75 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	2.76 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Rhenium has a Brinell of 1320 MPa, Mohs hardness of 7 MPa, and Vickers of 2450 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Re is 370 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 75 is 178 GPa. The Young Modulus of Rhenium (Re) is 463 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Rhenium is 0.3. The Speed of Sound of Re is 4700 m/s.
Hardness	1,320 MPa 7 MPa 2,450 MPa
Bulk Modulus	370 GPa
Shear Modulus	178 GPa
Young's Modulus	463 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.3
Speed of Sound	4,700 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Rhenium is VIIA. The IUPAC Group of Re is VIIB. The Glawe Number of Element 75 is 58. The Mendeleev Number of Rhenium (Re) is 57. The Pettifor Number of Rhenium is 59. The Goldschmidt Class of Re is siderophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIA
IUPAC Group	VIIB
Glawe Number	58
Mendeleev Number	57
Pettifor Number	59
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	siderophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Rhenium is 62 plus or minus 3 a₀. Re has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 663 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 75 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Rhenium (Re) is 90. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Rhenium is 0.016. The Quantum Numbers of Re is 6S5/2. The Space Group of Element 75 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	62 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	663 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	90
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.016
Quantum Numbers	6S5/2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Rhenium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Natural Isotopes	2

¹⁵⁹Re

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	158.984106 ± 0.000327 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2006
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)
α (α emission)

¹⁶⁰Re

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	159.98188 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	611 ± 7 us
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	89%
α (α emission)	11%

¹⁶¹Re

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	160.977624313 ± 0.00016093 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	440 ± 1 us
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁶²Re

Mass Number	162
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	161.975896 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	107 ± 13 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁶³Re

Mass Number	163
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	162.972085434 ± 0.000019897 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	390 ± 70 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
α (α emission)	32%

¹⁶⁴Re

Mass Number	164
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	163.970507122 ± 0.000058566 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	719 ± 89 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁶⁵Re

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	164.967085831 ± 0.000025328 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.6 ± 0.6 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	86%
α (α emission)	14%

¹⁶⁶Re

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	165.965821216 ± 0.000094731 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.25 ± 0.21 s
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88%
α (α emission)	12%

¹⁶⁷Re

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	166.962604 ± 0.000043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁶⁸Re

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	167.961572607 ± 0.000033087 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.4 ± 0.1 s
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.005%

¹⁶⁹Re

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	168.958765979 ± 0.000012204 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.1 ± 0.5 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
α (α emission)	0.005%

¹⁷⁰Re

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	169.958234844 ± 0.000012267 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷¹Re

Mass Number	171
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	170.955716 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.2 ± 0.4 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²Re

Mass Number	172
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	171.955376165 ± 0.000038183 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	55 ± 5 s
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷³Re

Mass Number	173
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	172.953243 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴Re

Mass Number	174
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	173.953115 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.4 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁵Re

Mass Number	175
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	174.951381 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.89 ± 0.05 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁶Re

Mass Number	176
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	175.951623 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.3 ± 0.3 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁷Re

Mass Number	177
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	176.950328 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	14 ± 1 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁸Re

Mass Number	178
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	177.950989 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.2 ± 0.2 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁹Re

Mass Number	179
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	178.949989686 ± 0.00002645 Da
G-Factor	1.12 ± 0.16
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.5 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸⁰Re

Mass Number	180
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	179.950791568 ± 0.000022965 Da
G-Factor	1.6 ± 0.2
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.46 ± 0.03 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸¹Re

Mass Number	181
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	180.950061507 ± 0.000013471 Da
G-Factor	1.276 ± 0.028
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.9 ± 0.7 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸²Re

Mass Number	182
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	181.95121156 ± 0.000109483 Da
G-Factor	0.40571428571429 ± 0.0085714285714286
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	64.2 ± 0.5 h
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸³Re

Mass Number	183
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	182.950821306 ± 0.000008625 Da
G-Factor	1.2632 ± 0.006
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	70 ± 1.4 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁸⁴Re

Mass Number	184
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	183.952528073 ± 0.00000459 Da
G-Factor	0.84333333333333 ± 0.016666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	35.4 ± 0.7 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸⁵Re

Mass Number	185
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	184.95295832 ± 0.000000879 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	37.4 ± 0.05
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.07 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1931
Parity	+

¹⁸⁶Re

Mass Number	186
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	185.954989172 ± 0.00000088 Da
G-Factor	1.734 ± 0.003
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.7185 ± 0.0005 d
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	92.53%
ϵ (electron capture)	7.47%

¹⁸⁷Re

Mass Number	187
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	186.955752217 ± 0.000000791 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	62.6 ± 0.05
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	41.6 ± 0.02 Gy
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.94 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1931
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁸⁸Re

Mass Number	188
Neutron Number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	187.958113658 ± 0.000000792 Da
G-Factor	1.783 ± 0.005
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.005 ± 0.003 h
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁹Re

Mass Number	189
Neutron Number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	188.959227764 ± 0.000008793 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	24.3 ± 0.4 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰Re

Mass Number	190
Neutron Number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	189.961800064 ± 0.000005227 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3 ± 0.2 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹¹Re

Mass Number	191
Neutron Number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	190.963123322 ± 0.000011019 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.8 ± 0.5 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹²Re

Mass Number	192
Neutron Number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	191.966088 ± 0.000076 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.4 ± 0.5 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹³Re

Mass Number	193
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	192.967545 ± 0.000042 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁴Re

Mass Number	194
Neutron Number	119
Relative Atomic Mass	193.970735 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5 ± 1 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁵Re

Mass Number	195
Neutron Number	120
Relative Atomic Mass	194.97256 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6 ± 1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁶Re

Mass Number	196
Neutron Number	121
Relative Atomic Mass	195.975996 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.4 ± 1.5 s
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2008
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁷Re

Mass Number	197
Neutron Number	122
Relative Atomic Mass	196.978153 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁸Re

Mass Number	198
Neutron Number	123
Relative Atomic Mass	197.98176 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁹⁹Re

Mass Number	199
Neutron Number	124
Relative Atomic Mass	198.984187 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

History

In 1908, Japanese chemist Masataka Ogawa announced that he discovered the 43rd element. However, later analysis indicated the presence of rhenium (element 75), not element 43. In 1922, Walter Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke and Otto Berg announced its separation from gadolinite and gave it the present name. From the Latin word Rhenus meaning Rhine

Discoverers	Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, Otto Berg
Discovery Location	Germany
Discovery Year	1925
Etymology (Name Origin)	Latin: Rhenus, the Rhine River.
Pronunciation	REE-ni-em (English)

Very little is known about the toxicity of rhenium

Chile has the world's largest rhenium reserves

Uses

Rhenium is widely used as filaments for mass spectrographs and ion gauges. It is also used with platinum as catalysts in the production of lead-free, high-octane gasoline. Nickel-based superalloys of rhenium are used in the combustion chambers, turbine blades, and exhaust nozzles of jet engines. Mixed with tungsten or platinum to make filaments for mass spectrographs. Its main value is as a trace alloying agent for hardening metal components that are subjected to continuous frictional forces.

Sources

Found in small amounts in gadolinite and molybdenite. Has a very high melting point.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.0007 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.000004 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.0000049 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.00000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.4522
2	p	4.438
2	s	19.5902
3	d	13.5453
3	p	21.5655
3	s	22.3515
4	d	36.9456
4	f	39.0752
4	p	34.6268
4	s	33.6436
5	d	57.617
5	p	52.856
5	s	50.643
6	s	64.884

Also Known As

Re
element 75
75Re
nipponium

Translations

Italianrenio
Norwegian Bokmålrhenium
Frenchrhénium
Russianрений
Spanishrenio
Norwegian Nynorskrhenium
Swedishrhenium
Hungarianrénium
Amharicሬኒየም
AragoneseRenio
Arabicرينيوم
AzerbaijaniRenium
Belarusianрэній
Bulgarianрений
Banglaরিনিয়াম
Bosnianrenij
Catalanreni
CorsicanReniu
Czechrhenium
Chuvashрени
WelshRheniwm
Danishrhenium
GermanRhenium
Greekρήνιο
Esperantorenio
Estonianreenium
Basquerenio
Persianرنیوم
Finnishrenium
FriulianReni
Irishréiniam
GalicianRenio
ManxRainium
Hakka Chineserhenium
Hebrewרניום
Fiji HindiRhenium
Croatianrenij
Armenianռենիում
Interlinguarhenium
Indonesianrenium
Idorenio
Icelandicrenín
Japaneseレニウム
Lojbanjinmlreni
JavaneseRhenium
Georgianრენიუმი
Kannadaರೀನಿಯಮ್
Korean레늄
KurdishRenyûm
Komiрений
Latinrhenium
LuxembourgishRhenium
LigurianRenio
Lithuanianrenis
Latvianrēnijs
Malayalamറീനിയം
Mongolianрени
Marathiर्‍हेनियम
Western Mariрений
MalayRenium
Dutchrenium
OccitanRèni
Polishren
Western Panjabiرہینیم
Portugueserénio
QuechuaRenyu
Romanianreniu
Sicilianreniu
Serbo-CroatianRenijum
Slovakrénium
Slovenianrenij
Serbianренијум
Saterland FrisianRenium
SwahiliReni
Thaiรีเนียม
Turkishrenyum
Uyghurرېنىي
Ukrainianреній
Urduرہینیئم
VepsRenii
Vietnameserheni
WarayRenyo
Kalmykрениум
Yiddishרעניום
YorubaRhenium
Chinese铼
BretonReniom
CebuanoRenyo
Macedonianрениум
Central Kurdishڕینیۆم
Kazakhрений
Tamilரெனியம்
Odiaରେନିଅମ
Gujaratiરિનીયમ
Punjabiਰੀਨੀਅਮ
Tatarрений
PiedmonteseRenio
ScotsRhenium
SomaliReheniyaam
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Рэн
Cantonese錸
AlbanianRheniumi
AromanianReniu
UzbekReniy
Kyrgyzрений
Malteserenju
Nepaliर्‌हेनियम
Hindiरीनियम
LombardRenio
Bhojpuriरेनियम
Sanskritरेनियम
Paliरेनियम
Newariरेनियम
Scottish GaelicRenium
Tajikрений
Portuguese (Brazil)rênio
Teluguరీనియం
cdoRhenium
Min Nan ChineseRhenium
LimburgishRenium
AfrikaansRenium
Tibetanརེ་ནིམ།
AsturianReniu
Lingua Franca Novarenio
TagalogRenyo
kbpRɛnɩyɔm
Literary Chinese錸
oloRenii
Northern FrisianReenium
Volapükrenin
Chinese (Traditional)錸
Chinese (Taiwan)錸
Wu Chinese铼
Burmeseရီနီယမ်
SardinianRèniu
KotavaRenel
Moroccan Arabicغينيوم
BashkirРений
Egyptian Arabicرينيوم
Pashtoرېنيوم
CornishReniom
BalineseRhénium
BikolRenyo

Rhenium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3566
BNCF Thesaurus ID	3893
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	rhenium
CAS Registry Number	7440-15-5
CPV Supplementary	AA42
ChEBI ID	49882
ChemSpider ID	22388
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14793000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID7047649
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064685
Den Store Danske ID	rhenium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.294
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/rhenium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	rhenium
Freebase ID	/m/025scmg
French Vikidia ID	Rhénium
GND ID	4177995-2
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3505657
InChI	InChI=1S/Re
InChIKey	WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Rhenium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/RENI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85113607
MeSH descriptor ID	D012211
NDL Authority ID	00569408
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007536457405171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	348371
OpenAlex ID	C505216180
PDB ligand ID	RE
PDB structure ID	1B0Q
PDB structure ID	5K1N
PDB structure ID	5K1J
PDB structure ID	3KAM
PSH ID	5774
PubChem CID	23947
Quora topic ID	Rhenium
RxNorm ID	1667763
Römpp online ID	RD-18-01202
Store norske leksikon ID	rhenium
Treccani ID	renio
UNII	7YHU292INY
USGS Thesaurus ID	1558
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Rhenium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14676569-n
YSO ID	39073
ZVG number	7750

Rhenium (Re)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Rhenium

159Re

160Re

161Re

162Re

163Re

164Re

165Re

166Re

167Re

168Re

169Re

170Re

171Re

172Re

173Re

174Re

175Re

176Re

177Re

178Re

179Re

180Re

181Re

182Re

183Re

184Re

185Re

186Re

187Re

188Re

189Re

190Re

191Re

192Re

193Re

194Re

195Re

196Re

197Re

198Re

199Re