Rutenium

Rutenium (Ru)

grundämne
Atomnummer44
Atommassa101.07
masstal102
Grupp8
Period5
Blockd
Protoner44 p+
Neutroner58 n0
Electrons44 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Ru (Rutenium)

Egenskaper

atomradie
130 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
125 pm
Metallic Radius
125 pm
ionic radius
68 pm
Crystal Radius
82 pm
Van der Waalsradie
213 pm
densitet
12,1 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
774 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
joniseringsenergi of Ru (Rutenium)
ångbildningsvärme
smältvärme
25,5 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
650,6 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Bohrs atommodell: Ru (Rutenium)
valenselektron1
elektronkonfiguration[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Ru (Rutenium)
Orbital Diagram of Ru (Rutenium)
oxidationstal-4, -2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
elektronegativitet
2.2
Electrophilicity
1,4011669093178039 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
4 420,15 K
Smältpunkt
2 606,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Silver
appearancesilvery white metallic
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
0,0000064 1/K
molar heat capacity
24,06 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,238 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
14 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000007000000000002 m Ω
supraledare
0,49 K
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,00000000542 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,000000000548 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,000067
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant
2,7 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
6,5 MPa
Kompressibilitet
220 GPa
skjuvmodul
173 GPa
Young's modulus
447 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,3
ljudhastighet
5 970 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupVIIIA
IUPAC GroupVIII
Glawe Number61
Mendeleev Number60
Pettifor Number63
Geochemical Classnoble metal
Goldschmidt classificationsiderophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
751,4 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
72 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta
2,6
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0009
kvanttal5F5
rymdgrupp194 (P63/mmc)

Ruteniumisotoper

Stabila isotoper7
Instabila isotoper34
Radioactive Isotopes34

85Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
84,967117 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal85
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2013
Paritet-

85Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%
p (proton emission)%

86Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
85,957305 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal86
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2013
Paritet+

86Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

87Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
86,950907 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal87
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet-

87Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

88Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
87,941664 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal88
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,5 ± 0,3 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

88Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)3.6%

89Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
88,937337849 ± 0,000026 Da
masstal89
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,32 ± 0,03 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet+

89Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)3.1%

90Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
89,930344378 ± 0,000004004 Da
masstal90
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
11,7 ± 0,9 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1991
Paritet+

90Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

91Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
90,92674153 ± 0,000002384 Da
masstal91
g-factor
Halveringstid
8 ± 0,4 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1983
Paritet+

91Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

92Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
91,920234373 ± 0,000002917 Da
masstal92
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
3,65 ± 0,05 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+

92Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

93Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
92,917104442 ± 0,000002216 Da
masstal93
g-factor
Halveringstid
59,7 ± 0,6 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1972
Paritet

93Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

94Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
93,91134286 ± 0,000003374 Da
masstal94
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
51,8 ± 0,6 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet+

94Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

95Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
94,910404415 ± 0,0000102 Da
masstal95
g-factor
0,3444 ± 0,0028
Halveringstid
1,607 ± 0,004 h
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

95Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

96Ru

natural abundance
5,54 ± 0,14
relative atomic mass
95,90758891 ± 0,000000182 Da
masstal96
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1931
Paritet+

96Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
+ (double β+ decay)%

97Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
96,907545776 ± 0,000002965 Da
masstal97
g-factor
0,3148 ± 0,0032
Halveringstid
2,837 ± 0,0014 d
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1946
Paritet+

97Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

98Ru

natural abundance
1,87 ± 0,03
relative atomic mass
97,905286709 ± 0,000006937 Da
masstal98
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1944
Paritet+

99Ru

natural abundance
12,76 ± 0,14
relative atomic mass
98,905930284 ± 0,000000368 Da
masstal99
g-factor
−0,2564 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,079 ± 0,004
upptäcktsdatum1931
Paritet+

100Ru

natural abundance
12,6 ± 0,07
relative atomic mass
99,90421046 ± 0,000000367 Da
masstal100
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1931
Paritet+

101Ru

natural abundance
17,06 ± 0,02
relative atomic mass
100,905573086 ± 0,000000443 Da
masstal101
g-factor
−0,2872 ± 0,0024
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,46 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1931
Paritet+

102Ru

natural abundance
31,55 ± 0,14
relative atomic mass
101,904340312 ± 0,000000446 Da
masstal102
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1931
Paritet+

103Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
102,906314846 ± 0,000000473 Da
masstal103
g-factor
0,13733333333333 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
39,245 ± 0,008 d
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,62 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1945
Paritet+

103Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

104Ru

natural abundance
18,62 ± 0,27
relative atomic mass
103,905425312 ± 0,000002682 Da
masstal104
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1931
Paritet+

104Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
(double β decay)%

105Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
104,907745478 ± 0,000002683 Da
masstal105
g-factor
0,2 ± 0,13333333333333
Halveringstid
4,439 ± 0,011 h
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1945
Paritet+

105Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

106Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
105,907328181 ± 0,000005787 Da
masstal106
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
371,8 ± 1,8 d
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

106Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

107Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
106,909969837 ± 0,00000931 Da
masstal107
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,75 ± 0,05 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet

107Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

108Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
107,910185793 ± 0,000009318 Da
masstal108
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
4,55 ± 0,05 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1955
Paritet+

108Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

109Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
108,913323707 ± 0,000009612 Da
masstal109
g-factor
Halveringstid
34,4 ± 0,2 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1967
Paritet+

109Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

110Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
109,914038501 ± 0,00000958 Da
masstal110
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
12,04 ± 0,17 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet+

110Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

111Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
110,917567566 ± 0,000010394 Da
masstal111
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,12 ± 0,07 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+

111Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

112Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
111,918806922 ± 0,000010305 Da
masstal112
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,75 ± 0,07 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet+

112Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

113Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
112,922846729 ± 0,000041097 Da
masstal113
g-factor
Halveringstid
800 ± 50 ms
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1988
Paritet+

113Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

114Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
113,92461443 ± 0,000003817 Da
masstal114
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
540 ± 30 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1991
Paritet+

114Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

115Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
114,929033049 ± 0,000027016 Da
masstal115
g-factor
Halveringstid
318 ± 19 ms
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet+

115Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

116Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
115,931219191 ± 0,000004 Da
masstal116
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
204 ± 6 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

116Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

117Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
116,936135 ± 0,000465 Da
masstal117
g-factor
Halveringstid
151 ± 3 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

117Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

118Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
117,938808 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal118
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
99 ± 3 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

118Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

119Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
118,94409 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal119
g-factor
Halveringstid
69,5 ± 2 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1997
Paritet+

119Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

120Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
119,946623 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal120
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
45 ± 2 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

120Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

121Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
120,952098 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal121
g-factor
Halveringstid
29 ± 2 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

121Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

122Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
121,955147 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal122
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
25 ± 1 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

122Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

123Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
122,960762 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal123
g-factor
Halveringstid
19 ± 2 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

123Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

124Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
123,96394 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal124
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
15 ± 3 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

124Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

125Ru

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
124,969544 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal125
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2018
Paritet+

125Ru Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%
Ruthenium a half bar.jpg

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareKarl Klaus
fyndplatsRussia
upptäcktsdatum1844
etymologiLatin: Ruthenia (Russia).
uttalroo-THE-ni-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,001 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,0000007 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
0,000081 %
Abundance in Sun
0,0000005 %
Abundance in Universe
0,0000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.9077
2p4.0492
2s11.6202
3d14.6411
3p16.7789
3s16.3988
4d31.1872
4p27.5652
4s26.344
5s37.5155