Räni (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
massiarv	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

prooton	14 p⁺
neutron	14 n⁰
elektron	14 e^-

Animated Bohri aatomiteooria of Si (Räni)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Aatomiraadius	110 pm 232 pm
molaarruumala	12,1 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
ionic radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429,5 pm
density	2,3296 g/cm³ 2 570 kg/m³

Keemilised Omadused

energia

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
Elektronafiinsus	1,3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8,151683 eV/particle 16,345845 eV/particle 33,493 eV/particle 45,14179 eV/particle 166,767 eV/particle 205,267 eV/particle 246,32 eV/particle 303,66 eV/particle 351,1 eV/particle 401,38 eV/particle 476,18 eV/particle 523,415 eV/particle 2 437,65804 eV/particle 2 673,1774 eV/particle

aurustumissoojus	383 kJ/mol
sulamissoojus	50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
elektron

elektronkiht	2, 8, 4

valentselektron	4 ⓘ

elektronkonfiguratsioon	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

oksüdatsiooniaste	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegatiivsus	11,33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 538,15 K
Melting Point	1 687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
kolmikpunkt
Välimus
värvus	Gray #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
Välimus	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Murdumisnäitaja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
soojuspaisumine	0,0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19,99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
Elektrijuhtivus	0,001 MS/m
Eritakistus	0,001 Ω*m
Ülijuhtivus
Magnetism
type	diamagnetic
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Mass)	−0,0000000016 m³/Kg
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Molar)	−0,0000000000449 m³/mol
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Volume)	−0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie punkt
Néel temperature
struktuur
Crystal Structure	Tetrahedral Packing (DIA)
lattice constant	5,43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
kõvadus	6,5 MPa
Ruumpaisumismoodul	100 GPa
Nihkeelastsusmoodul
Normaalelastsusmoodul	47 GPa
Poissoni tegur
heli kiirus	2 200 m/s
Klassifitseerimine
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

teine

Gas Basicity	814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0002
Kvantarv	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

massiarv	22
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	28,7 ± 1,1 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

massiarv	23
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	42,3 ± 0,4 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1986
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

massiarv	24
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	143,2 ± 2,1 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

massiarv	25
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	220,6 ± 1 ms
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1963
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

massiarv	26
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1960
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

massiarv	27
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	4,117 ± 0,014 s
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,063 ± 0,014
avastamise aeg	1939
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

massiarv	28
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92,2545 ± 0,0037
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

massiarv	29
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor	−1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance	4,672 ± 0,016
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

massiarv	30
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,0735 ± 0,0021
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

massiarv	31
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	157,16 ± 0,2 m
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1934
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

massiarv	32
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	157 ± 7 y
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1953
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

massiarv	33
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	6,18 ± 0,18 s
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

massiarv	34
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	2,77 ± 0,2 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

massiarv	35
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor	0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	780 ± 120 ms
spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1971
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

massiarv	36
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	503 ± 2 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

massiarv	37
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	141 ± 3,5 ms
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

massiarv	38
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	63 ± 8 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

massiarv	39
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	41,2 ± 4,1 ms
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

massiarv	40
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	31,2 ± 2,6 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1989
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

massiarv	41
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	20 ± 2,5 ms
spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1989
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

massiarv	42
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	12,5 ± 3,5 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1990
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

massiarv	43
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2002
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

massiarv	44
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	2007
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

massiarv	45
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

ajalugu

leiutaja või avastaja	Jöns Berzelius
location of discovery	Sweden
avastamise aeg	1824
etümoloogia	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciation	SIL-i-ken (inglise)

allikas

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282 000 mg/kg
natural abundance (ookean)	2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (Inimkeha)	0,026 %
natural abundance (meteoorkeha)	14 %
natural abundance (Päike)	0,09 %
Abundance in Universe	0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Räni on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011769
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3575
BNCF Thesaurus ID	38210
BNF	11976956v
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	silicium
CAS Registry Number	7440-21-3
ChEBI ID	27573
ChemSpider ID	4574465
CosIng number	96140
Cultureel Woordenboek ID	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/silicium
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5030038
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0051441
Den Store Danske ID	silicium
DrugBank ID	12982
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.300
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/silicon
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	silicium
Fandom article ID	memory-alpha:Silicon
Freebase	/m/025sf80
French Vikidia ID	Silicium
GND	4077445-4
Golden ID	Silicon-K4P5N
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2109143
HSDB ID	5033
ICSC ID	1508
InChI	InChI=1S/Si
InChIKey	XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Silicon
KEGG ID	C06263
Krugosvet article	himiya/kremniy
LCCN	sh85122512
LEM ID	LEM201008365
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	117852
MeSH descriptor ID	D012825
NALT ID	55167
NDL-tunnus	00565390
NKCR AUT ID	ph122083
Namuwiki ID	규소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007543750105171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	3421
OpenAlex ID	C544956773
PSH ID	5797
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143900
PubChem CID	5461123
RxNorm ID	9774
Römpp online ID	RD-19-02444
Store norske leksikon ID	silisium
Treccani ID	silicio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	12808
UNII	Z4152N8IUI
USGS Thesaurus ID	1575
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Silicon"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14678720-n
YSO ID	15609
ZVG number	8110

Räni (Si)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Keemilised Omadused

teine

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

ajalugu

allikas

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si