Silicis (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
mass number	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

protonas	14 p⁺
neutronas	14 n⁰
elektronas	14 e^-

Fizikinė Ypatybė

Atomo Spindulys	110 pm 232 pm
molinis tūris	12,1 cm³/mol
Kovalentinis spindulys	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
ionic radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429,5 pm
tankis	2,3296 g/cm³ 2 570 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energija

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8,151683 eV/particle 16,345845 eV/particle 33,493 eV/particle 45,14179 eV/particle 166,767 eV/particle 205,267 eV/particle 246,32 eV/particle 303,66 eV/particle 351,1 eV/particle 401,38 eV/particle 476,18 eV/particle 523,415 eV/particle 2 437,65804 eV/particle 2 673,1774 eV/particle

Garavimo šiluma	383 kJ/mol
lydymosi šiluma	50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
elektronas

electron shell	2, 8, 4

Valentinis elektronas	4 ⓘ

elektronų konfigūracija	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

oksidacijos laipsnis	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektroneigiamumas	11,33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 538,15 K
Melting Point	1 687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
spalva	Gray #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
lūžio rodiklis
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19,99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
Elektrinis laidumas	0,001 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,001 Ω*m
Superlaidumas
Magnetizmas
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	−0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	−0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	−0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
struktūra
Crystal Structure	Tetrahedral Packing (DIA)
Gardelės konstanta	5,43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
kietis	6,5 MPa
bulk modulus	100 GPa
shear modulus
Jungo modulis	47 GPa
Puasono santykis
garso greitis	2 200 m/s
classification
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldšmito klasifikacija	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0002
quantum number	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

mass number	22
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	28,7 ± 1,1 ms
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

mass number	23
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	42,3 ± 0,4 ms
Sukinys	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1986
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

mass number	24
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	143,2 ± 2,1 ms
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

mass number	25
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	220,6 ± 1 ms
Sukinys	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1963
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

mass number	26
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1960
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

mass number	27
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	4,117 ± 0,014 s
Sukinys	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,063 ± 0,014
atradimo data	1939
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

mass number	28
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92,2545 ± 0,0037
Radioaktyvumas	stable isotope
pusėjimo trukmė	Not Radioactive ☢️
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

mass number	29
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor	−1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance	4,672 ± 0,016
Radioaktyvumas	stable isotope
pusėjimo trukmė	Not Radioactive ☢️
Sukinys	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

mass number	30
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,0735 ± 0,0021
Radioaktyvumas	stable isotope
pusėjimo trukmė	Not Radioactive ☢️
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

mass number	31
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	157,16 ± 0,2 m
Sukinys	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1934
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

mass number	32
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	157 ± 7 y
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1953
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

mass number	33
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	6,18 ± 0,18 s
Sukinys	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

mass number	34
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	2,77 ± 0,2 s
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

mass number	35
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor	0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	780 ± 120 ms
Sukinys	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1971
parity	-

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

mass number	36
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	503 ± 2 ms
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

mass number	37
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	141 ± 3,5 ms
Sukinys	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

mass number	38
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	63 ± 8 ms
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

mass number	39
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	41,2 ± 4,1 ms
Sukinys	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

mass number	40
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	31,2 ± 2,6 ms
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1989
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

mass number	41
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	20 ± 2,5 ms
Sukinys	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	1989
parity	-

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

mass number	42
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė	12,5 ± 3,5 ms
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	1990
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

mass number	43
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė
Sukinys	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data	2002
parity	-

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

mass number	44
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė
Sukinys	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atradimo data	2007
parity	+

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

mass number	45
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktyvumas	☢️ radioactive element
pusėjimo trukmė
Sukinys	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atradimo data
parity	-

decay mode	Intensyvumas
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

istorija

atradėjas arba išradėjas	Jöns Berzelius
location of discovery	Sweden
atradimo data	1824
Etimologija	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciation	SIL-i-ken (anglų)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282 000 mg/kg
natural abundance (Vandenynas)	2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (Kūnas)	0,026 %
natural abundance (Meteoroidas)	14 %
natural abundance (Saulė)	0,09 %
Abundance in Universe	0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silicis on ChemicalAid

Silicis (Si)

Fizikinė Ypatybė

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

istorija

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si