Atomic Number | 38 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 87.62 |
Mass Number | 88 |
Group | 2 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | s |
Protons | 38 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 50 n0 |
Electrons | 38 e- |
Atomic Radius | 200 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 33.7 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 185 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 191 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 118 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 132 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 249 pm
|
Density | 2.64 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.048 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.6948672 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 144 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 9.2 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 164 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 5s2 |
Oxidation States | 1, 2 |
Electronegativity | 0.95
|
Electrophilicity | 0.730062406922635 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 1,650.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,050.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000225 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 26.79 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.306 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 7.7 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000013 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000000132 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000116 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00000347
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Lattice Constant | 6.08 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness |
1.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | 6.1 GPa
|
Young Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
Category | Alkaline earth metals, Alkaline earth metals |
CAS Group | IIA |
IUPAC Group | IIA |
Glawe Number | 15 |
Mendeleev Number | 8 |
Pettifor Number | 15 |
Geochemical Class | alkaline earth metal |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 3,175 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 1.2
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0005
|
Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 4 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 31 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 31 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 73 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 25.3 ± 1.4 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1993 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 63% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 74 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 27.6 ± 2.6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 75 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 85.2 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 5.2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 76 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 7.89 ± 0.07 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 3.4% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 77 |
G-Factor | -0.1392 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | 9 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.27 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.08% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 78 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 156.1 ± 2.7 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 79 |
G-Factor | -0.316 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | 2.25 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.661 ± 0.006
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 80 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 106.3 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 81 |
G-Factor | 1.086 ± 0.008
|
Half Life | 22.3 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 82 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 25.35 ± 0.03 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 83 |
G-Factor | -0.237 ± 0.0002
|
Half Life | 32.41 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.708 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.56 ± 0.02
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 84 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1936 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 85 |
G-Factor | -0.22224444444444 ± 0.00015555555555556
|
Half Life | 64.846 ± 0.006 d
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.263 ± 0.014
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 9.86 ± 0.2
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 86 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 7 ± 0.2
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 87 |
G-Factor | -0.24292444444444 ± 0.000024444444444444
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.305 ± 0.002
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 82.58 ± 0.35
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 88 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1923 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 89 |
G-Factor | -0.4592 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 50.563 ± 0.025 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.253 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 90 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 28.91 ± 0.03 y
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 91 |
G-Factor | -0.354 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 9.65 ± 0.06 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.042 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1943 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 92 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.611 ± 0.017 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 93 |
G-Factor | -0.3172 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 7.43 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.24 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 94 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 75.3 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 95 |
G-Factor | -1.074 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 23.9 ± 0.14 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 96 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.059 ± 0.008 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 97 |
G-Factor | -0.996 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 432 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.02% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 98 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 653 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.23% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 99 |
G-Factor | -0.174 ± 0.0033333333333333
|
Half Life | 269.2 ± 1 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.76 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 100 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 202.1 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.11% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 101 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 113.7 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.75% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 102 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 69 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 5.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 103 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 53 ± 10 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.6 ± 4.2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 39 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 21 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Strontium was recognized as a new element in 1790 when Adair Crawford and his colleague William Cruickshank analyzed a mineral sample from a lead mine near Strontian, Scotland. The element was eventually isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. The isolation was done by the electrolysis of a mixture containing strontium chloride and mercuric oxide. Named after Strontian, a town in Scotland
Discoverers | A. Crawford |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Scotland |
Discovery Year | 1790 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | From the Scottish town, Strontian. |
Pronunciation | STRON-she-em (English) |
1 | s | 0.8089 |
2 | p | 3.9696 |
2 | s | 10.0982 |
3 | d | 15.2738 |
3 | p | 15.8324 |
3 | s | 15.3362 |
4 | p | 26.068 |
4 | s | 24.5556 |
5 | s | 31.9295 |