Boron (B)

chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5

Atomic Number	5
Atomic Weight	10.81
Nombor jisim	11

Group	13
Period	2
Block	p

proton	5 p⁺
neutron	6 n⁰
Elektron	5 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	85 pm 205 pm
molar volume	4.6 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	85 pm 78 pm 73 pm 84 pm
Metallic Radius	80 pm 98 pm
ionic radius	1 pm 11 pm 27 pm
Crystal Radius	15 pm 25 pm 41 pm
Jejari van der Waals	180 pm 402 pm 192 pm 215 pm 192 pm 408.3 pm
ketumpatan	2.34 g/cm³ 2,080 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity
Pertalian elektron	0.279723 eV/particle
ionization energy	8.298019 eV/particle 25.15483 eV/particle 37.93058 eV/particle 259.3715 eV/particle 340.226008 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	504.5 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	23.6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	565 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 3

Elektron valens	3 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[He] 2s² 2p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p¹

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-5, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Keelektronegatifan	12.13 eV/particle 0.184886 2.04
Electrophilicity Index	1.1470276511768214 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4,273.15 K
Melting Point	2,350.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna	Black #00ff00 #ffb5b5 #ffb5b5
rupa	black-brown
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	27.4 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.000006 1/K
molar heat capacity	11.087 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	1.026 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Insulator
Kekonduksian elektrik	0.0000000001 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	10,000 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000087 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000941 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000214
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	8.73 Å
Lattice Angles	1.01334, 1.01334, 1.01334
mechanical property
hardness	9.3 MPa 49,000 MPa
Modulus pukal	320 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	16,200 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Metalloids
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	86
Mendeleev Number	81
Pettifor Number	86
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	20.5 ± 0.1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	99.5 a₀ 99.2 a₀
allotrope	Alpha Rhombohedral Boron, Beta Rhombohedral Boron, Alpha Tetragonal Boron
Neutron cross section	760
Neutron Mass Absorption	2.4
Nombor kuantum	2P1/2
space group	166 (R_3m)

Isotopes of Boron

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁶B

Nombor jisim	6
nombor neutron	1
Jisim Atom Relatif	6.0508 ± 0.00215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2p (2-proton emission)

⁷B

Nombor jisim	7
nombor neutron	2
Jisim Atom Relatif	7.029712 ± 0.000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	570 ± 14 ys
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1967
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)	100%

⁸B

Nombor jisim	8
nombor neutron	3
Jisim Atom Relatif	8.024607315 ± 0.000001073 Da
g-factor	0.51775 ± 0.00015
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	771.9 ± 0.9 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0643 ± 0.0014
tarikh penemuan	1950
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	100%

⁹B

Nombor jisim	9
nombor neutron	4
Jisim Atom Relatif	9.013329645 ± 0.000000969 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	800 ± 300 zs
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1940
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)	100%

¹⁰B

Nombor jisim	10
nombor neutron	5
Jisim Atom Relatif	10.012936862 ± 0.000000016 Da
g-factor	0.60015453333333 ± 0.00000026666666666667
natural abundance	19.65 ± 0.44
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0846 ± 0.0002
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

¹¹B

Nombor jisim	11
nombor neutron	6
Jisim Atom Relatif	11.009305166 ± 0.000000013 Da
g-factor	1.792252 ± 0.00000066666666666667
natural abundance	80.35 ± 0.44
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.04059 ± 0.0001
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	-

¹²B

Nombor jisim	12
nombor neutron	7
Jisim Atom Relatif	12.014352638 ± 0.000001418 Da
g-factor	1.003 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	20.2 ± 0.02 ms
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0132 ± 0.0003
tarikh penemuan	1935
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	0.6%

¹³B

Nombor jisim	13
nombor neutron	8
Jisim Atom Relatif	13.017779981 ± 0.000001073 Da
g-factor	2.1185333333333 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.16 ± 0.18 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0365 ± 0.0008
tarikh penemuan	1956
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.266%

¹⁴B

Nombor jisim	14
nombor neutron	9
Jisim Atom Relatif	14.02540401 ± 0.000022773 Da
g-factor	0.5925 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	12.36 ± 0.29 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0297 ± 0.0008
tarikh penemuan	1966
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.04%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁵B

Nombor jisim	15
nombor neutron	10
Jisim Atom Relatif	15.031087023 ± 0.000022575 Da
g-factor	1.7726666666667 ± 0.01
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	10.18 ± 0.35 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0379 ± 0.0011
tarikh penemuan	1966
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	98.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.5%

¹⁶B

Nombor jisim	16
nombor neutron	11
Jisim Atom Relatif	16.039841045 ± 0.000026373 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2000
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)

¹⁷B

Nombor jisim	17
nombor neutron	12
Jisim Atom Relatif	17.046931399 ± 0.000219114 Da
g-factor	1.7 ± 0.013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	5.08 ± 0.05 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0385 ± 0.0015
tarikh penemuan	1973
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	63%
2n (2-neutron emission)	12%
3n (3-neutron emission)	3.5%
4n	0.4%

¹⁸B

Nombor jisim	18
nombor neutron	13
Jisim Atom Relatif	18.055601683 ± 0.00021918 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2010
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)	100%

¹⁹B

Nombor jisim	19
nombor neutron	14
Jisim Atom Relatif	19.064166 ± 0.000564 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.92 ± 0.13 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1984
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	71%
2n (2-neutron emission)	17%
3n (3-neutron emission)	9.1%

²⁰B

Nombor jisim	20
nombor neutron	15
Jisim Atom Relatif	20.074505644 ± 0.000586538 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2018
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

²¹B

Nombor jisim	21
nombor neutron	16
Jisim Atom Relatif	21.084147485 ± 0.00059975 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2018
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2n (2-neutron emission)	100%

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Sir H. Davy, J.L. Gay-Lussac, L.J. Thénard
tempat penemuan	England/France
tarikh penemuan	1808
Etimologi	From Arabic and Persian words for borax.
sebutan	BO-ron (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	10 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	4.44 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.00007 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0.00016 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.0000002 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3205
2	p	2.5786
2	s	2.4238

Boron on ChemicalAid

Boron (B)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Boron

6B

7B

8B

9B

10B

11B

12B

13B

14B

15B

16B

17B

18B

19B

20B

21B

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁶B

⁷B

⁸B

⁹B

¹⁰B

¹¹B

¹²B

¹³B

¹⁴B

¹⁵B

¹⁶B

¹⁷B

¹⁸B

¹⁹B

²⁰B

²¹B