Carbonio (C)

chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6; common element of all known life

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
Numero masico	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

Protón	6 p⁺
Neutrón	6 n⁰
Electrón	6 e^-

Animated Modelo atomico de Bohr of C (Carbonio)

Physical Property

Radio Atomico	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5.3 cm³/mol
Radio covalent	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
Radio ionico	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Radio de van der Waals	170 pm 170 pm 389.83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385.1 pm
density	2.2 g/cm³

Chemical Property

enerchía

proton affinity
Afinidat electronica	1.262119 eV/particle
ionization energy	11.260296 eV/particle 24.3845 eV/particle 47.88778 eV/particle 64.49358 eV/particle 392.0905 eV/particle 489.993177 eV/particle

Entalpía de vaporización
entalpía de fusión
standard enthalpy of formation	716.87 kJ/mol
Electrón

electron shell	2, 4

valence electron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Numero d'oxidación	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegatividat	15.05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1.960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4098.15 K
Melting Point	4762.15 K 4713.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Punto triple	4762.15 K 10300 kPa
appearance
Color	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
refractive index	2.417
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	1.59 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8.517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	0.1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00001 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.000014
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (DIA)
lattice constant	3.57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	0.5 MPa
bulk modulus	33 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	18350 m/s
classification
Category	Other nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11.3 ± 0.2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46.6 a₀ 47.9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0.0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.000015
quantum number	3P0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

Numero masico	8
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8.037643039 ± 0.000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	3.5 ± 1.4 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

Numero masico	9
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9.031037202 ± 0.000002293 Da
g-factor	0.9276 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	126.5 ± 0.9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1964
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

Numero masico	10
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10.016853217 ± 0.000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	19.3011 ± 0.0015 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

Numero masico	11
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11.011432597 ± 0.000000064 Da
g-factor	-0.64266666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	20.3402 ± 0.0053 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0333 ± 0.0002
time of discovery or invention	1934
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

Numero masico	12
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98.94 ± 0.06
Radioactividat	stable isotope
Periodo de semidesintegración	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1919
parity	+

¹³C

Numero masico	13
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13.00335483534 ± 0.00000000025 Da
g-factor	1.404738 ± 0.000008
natural abundance	1.06 ± 0.06
Radioactividat	stable isotope
Periodo de semidesintegración	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1929
parity	-

¹⁴C

Numero masico	14
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14.00324198862 ± 0.00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	5.7 ± 0.03 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

Numero masico	15
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15.010599256 ± 0.000000858 Da
g-factor	3.44 ± 0.018
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	2.449 ± 0.005 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

Numero masico	16
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16.014701255 ± 0.00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	750 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

Numero masico	17
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17.02257865 ± 0.000018641 Da
g-factor	0.50533333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	193 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

Numero masico	18
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18.02675193 ± 0.000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	92 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

Numero masico	19
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19.034797594 ± 0.000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	46.2 ± 2.3 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

Numero masico	20
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20.040261732 ± 0.000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	16 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

Numero masico	21
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21.049 ± 0.00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

²²C

Numero masico	22
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22.05755399 ± 0.000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	6.2 ± 1.3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

Numero masico	23
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23.06889 ± 0.00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

historia

discoverer or inventor	Known to the ancients
location of discovery
time of discovery or invention
Etimolochía	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
pronunciation	KAR-ben (English)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (ocián)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	23 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	1.5 %
natural abundance (Sol)	0.3 %
Abundance in Universe	0.5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Carbonio on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300264720
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3180
BNCF Thesaurus ID	18855
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX526055
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11976417k
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	kohlenstoff
CAS Registry Number	7440-44-0
ChEBI ID	33415
ChemSpider ID	4575370
CosIng number	95647
Cultureel Woordenboek ID	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/koolstof
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID407391
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9027651
Den Store Danske ID	carbon
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.321
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/carbon-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	carbone
English Vikidia ID	Carbon
EuroVoc ID	5261
Freebase ID	/m/025tfgm
French Vikidia ID	Carbone
GND ID	4164538-8
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0088553
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4214872
ICSC ID	0702
IUPAC Gold Book ID	C00821
InChI	InChI=1S/C
InChIKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Carbonio
KBpedia ID	Carbon
KEGG ID	C06265
Klexikon article ID	Kohlenstoff
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/UGLEROD.html
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	113504
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85020090
MeSH descriptor ID	D002244
NDL Authority ID	00572686
NE.se ID	kol
NKCR AUT ID	ph158523
Namuwiki ID	탄소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007283488605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	484
OpenAlex ID	C2993252241
PSH ID	5796
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143905
PubChem CID	5462310
Quora topic ID	Carbon-element-1
Quora topic ID	Carbon
Römpp online ID	RD-11-01491
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1106726
Spanish Vikidia ID	Carbono
Store norske leksikon ID	karbon
Treccani ID	carbonio
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10638575
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/728
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	8964
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept4645
USGS Thesaurus ID	1420
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Element", "Carbon"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14657384-n
YSO ID	138
ZVG number	8040
nLab ID	carbon

Carbonio (C)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C