Karbon, ²Ugljik (C)

hemijski element sa simbolom C i atomskim brojem 6

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
Maseni broj	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

Proton	6 p⁺
Neutron	6 n⁰
Elektron	6 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of C (Karbon, ²Ugljik)

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	70 pm 190 pm
Molarni volumen	5,3 cm³/mol
covalent radius	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
Ionski radijus	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Van der Waalsov radijus	170 pm 170 pm 389,83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385,1 pm
gustoća	2,2 g/cm³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energija

proton affinity
electron affinity	1,262119 eV/particle
ionization energy	11,260296 eV/particle 24,3845 eV/particle 47,88778 eV/particle 64,49358 eV/particle 392,0905 eV/particle 489,993177 eV/particle

Toplota isparavanja
toplota topljenja
standard enthalpy of formation	716,87 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 4

Valentni elektron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

oksidacijsko stanje	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativnost	15,05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1,960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4.098,15 K
Melting Point	4.762,15 K 4.713,15 K
critical pressure
Kritična temperatura
Trojna tačka	4.762,15 K 10.300 kPa
appearance
boja	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
Indeks prelamanja	2,417
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	1,59 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8,517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Specifična električna provodljivost	0,1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00001 Ω*m
Superprovodljivost
Magnetizam
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,000014
magnetic ordering
Kirijeva tačka
Néel temperature
struktura
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	0,5 MPa
bulk modulus	33 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
Brzina zvuka	18.350 m/s
klasifikacija
Category	Actinides, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11,3 ± 0,2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46,6 a₀ 47,9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0,0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,000015
Kvantni brojevi	3P0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

Maseni broj	8
broj neutrona	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8,037643039 ± 0,000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	3,5 ± 1,4 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

Maseni broj	9
broj neutrona	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9,031037202 ± 0,000002293 Da
g-factor	0,9276 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	126,5 ± 0,9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1964
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

Maseni broj	10
broj neutrona	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10,016853217 ± 0,000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	19,3011 ± 0,0015 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

Maseni broj	11
broj neutrona	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11,011432597 ± 0,000000064 Da
g-factor	-0,64266666666667 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	20,3402 ± 0,0053 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0333 ± 0,0002
datum otkrića	1934
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

Maseni broj	12
broj neutrona	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98,94 ± 0,06
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1919
parity	+

¹³C

Maseni broj	13
broj neutrona	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13,00335483534 ± 0,00000000025 Da
g-factor	1,404738 ± 0,000008
natural abundance	1,06 ± 0,06
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1929
parity	-

¹⁴C

Maseni broj	14
broj neutrona	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14,00324198862 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	5,7 ± 0,03 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

Maseni broj	15
broj neutrona	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15,010599256 ± 0,000000858 Da
g-factor	3,44 ± 0,018
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,449 ± 0,005 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

Maseni broj	16
broj neutrona	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16,014701255 ± 0,00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	750 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

Maseni broj	17
broj neutrona	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17,02257865 ± 0,000018641 Da
g-factor	0,50533333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	193 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

Maseni broj	18
broj neutrona	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18,02675193 ± 0,000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	92 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

Maseni broj	19
broj neutrona	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19,034797594 ± 0,000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	46,2 ± 2,3 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

Maseni broj	20
broj neutrona	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20,040261732 ± 0,000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	16 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

Maseni broj	21
broj neutrona	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21,049 ± 0,00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

²²C

Maseni broj	22
broj neutrona	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22,05755399 ± 0,000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	6,2 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

Maseni broj	23
broj neutrona	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23,06889 ± 0,00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

historija

otkrivač ili izumitelj	Known to the ancients
mjesto otkrića
datum otkrića
Etimologija	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
pronunciation	KAR-ben (engleski)

izvor

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (okean)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (ljudsko tijelo)	23 %
natural abundance (Meteoroidi)	1,5 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,3 %
Abundance in Universe	0,5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Karbon, ²Ugljik on ChemicalAid

Karbon, ²Ugljik (C)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

historija

izvor

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C