Углерод (C)

chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6; common element of all known life

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
mass number	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

Протон	6 p⁺
Нейтрон	6 n⁰
Электрон	6 e^-

Animated Атăмăн Бор моделĕ of C (Углерод)

Физикăлла Палăрăм

Атом Радиусĕ	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5,3 cm³/mol
Ковалентла радиус	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
ionic radius	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm 170 pm 389,83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385,1 pm
density	2,2 g/cm³

Chemical Property

Энерги

proton affinity
electron affinity	1,262119 eV/particle
ionization energy	11,260296 eV/particle 24,3845 eV/particle 47,88778 eV/particle 64,49358 eV/particle 392,0905 eV/particle 489,993177 eV/particle

Пăсланнин тата конденсациленнин пайлавла ăшши
Шăраннин пайлавла ăшши
standard enthalpy of formation	716,87 kJ/mol
Электрон

electron shell	2, 4

valence electron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Оксидлав капашĕ	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Электронегативлăх	15,05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1,960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4 098,15 K
Melting Point	4 762,15 K 4 713,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Виççĕлле пăнчă	4 762,15 K 10 300 kPa
appearance
Тӗс	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
Хуçăлу кăтартăшĕ	2,417
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	1,59 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8,517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	0,1 MS/m
Пайлавла электро хирĕçтăру	0,00001 Ω*m
superconductivity
Магнетизм
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,000014
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (DIA)
Решетке константти	3,57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	0,5 MPa
bulk modulus	33 GPa
shear modulus
Юнг модулĕ
Poisson's ratio
Сасă хăвăртлăхĕ	18 350 m/s
classification
Category	Other nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
Поляризациленеслĕх	11,3 ± 0,2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46,6 a₀ 47,9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0,0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,000015
quantum number	3P0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

mass number	8
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8,037643039 ± 0,000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	3,5 ± 1,4 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1974
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

mass number	9
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9,031037202 ± 0,000002293 Da
g-factor	0,9276 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	126,5 ± 0,9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1964
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

mass number	10
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10,016853217 ± 0,000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	19,3011 ± 0,0015 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1949
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

mass number	11
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11,011432597 ± 0,000000064 Da
g-factor	-0,64266666666667 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	20,3402 ± 0,0053 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0333 ± 0,0002
time of discovery or invention	1934
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

mass number	12
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98,94 ± 0,06
Радиоактивлă аркану	stable isotope
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1919
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

¹³C

mass number	13
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13,00335483534 ± 0,00000000025 Da
g-factor	1,404738 ± 0,000008
natural abundance	1,06 ± 0,06
Радиоактивлă аркану	stable isotope
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1929
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	-

¹⁴C

mass number	14
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14,00324198862 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	5,7 ± 0,03 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1936
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

mass number	15
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15,010599256 ± 0,000000858 Da
g-factor	3,44 ± 0,018
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	2,449 ± 0,005 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1950
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

mass number	16
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16,014701255 ± 0,00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	750 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1961
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

mass number	17
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17,02257865 ± 0,000018641 Da
g-factor	0,50533333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	193 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1968
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

mass number	18
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18,02675193 ± 0,000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	92 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1969
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

mass number	19
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19,034797594 ± 0,000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	46,2 ± 2,3 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1974
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

mass number	20
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20,040261732 ± 0,000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	16 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1981
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

mass number	21
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21,049 ± 0,00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

²²C

mass number	22
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22,05755399 ± 0,000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ	6,2 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1986
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

mass number	23
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23,06889 ± 0,00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану	☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

истори

discoverer or inventor	Known to the ancients
location of discovery
time of discovery or invention
etymology	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
pronunciation	KAR-ben (акӑлчан)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (океан)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (Этем ӳт-пĕвĕ)	23 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	1,5 %
natural abundance (Хĕвел)	0,3 %
Abundance in Universe	0,5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Углерод on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300264720
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3180
BNCF Thesaurus ID	18855
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX526055
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11976417k
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	kohlenstoff
CAS Registry Number	7440-44-0
ChEBI ID	33415
ChemSpider ID	4575370
CosIng number	95647
Cultureel Woordenboek ID	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/koolstof
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID407391
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9027651
Den Store Danske ID	carbon
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.321
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/carbon-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	carbone
English Vikidia ID	Carbon
EuroVoc ID	5261
Freebase ID	/m/025tfgm
French Vikidia ID	Carbone
GND ID	4164538-8
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0088553
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4214872
ICSC ID	0702
IUPAC Gold Book ID	C00821
InChI	InChI=1S/C
InChIKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Carbonio
KBpedia ID	Carbon
KEGG ID	C06265
Klexikon article ID	Kohlenstoff
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/UGLEROD.html
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	113504
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85020090
MeSH descriptor ID	D002244
NDL Authority ID	00572686
NE.se ID	kol
NKCR AUT ID	ph158523
Namuwiki ID	탄소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007283488605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	484
OpenAlex ID	C2993252241
PSH ID	5796
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143905
PubChem CID	5462310
Quora topic ID	Carbon-element-1
Quora topic ID	Carbon
Römpp online ID	RD-11-01491
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1106726
Spanish Vikidia ID	Carbono
Store norske leksikon ID	karbon
Treccani ID	carbonio
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10638575
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/728
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	8964
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept4645
USGS Thesaurus ID	1420
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Element", "Carbon"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14657384-n
YSO ID	138
ZVG number	8040
nLab ID	carbon

Углерод (C)

Физикăлла Палăрăм

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

истори

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C