Carbon, Kulstof

Carbon, Kulstof (C)

grundstof med atomnummer 6
Atomnummer6
Atommasse12.011
mass number12
Gruppe14
Periode2
Blokp
proton6 p+
neutron6 n0
elektron6 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodel of C (Carbon, Kulstof)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius
70 pm
molar volume
5,3 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius
75 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionisk radius
-8 pm
Crystal Radius
6 pm
Van der Waals-radius
170 pm
massefylde
2,2 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Carbon, Kulstof0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170pmAtomradiusKovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals-radius

Kemisk Egenskab

{ERROR}
energi
proton affinity
electron affinity
1,262119 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi
11,260296 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi of C (Carbon, Kulstof)
Fordampningsvarme
smeltevarme
standard enthalpy of formation
716,87 kJ/mol
elektron
Elektronskal2, 4
Bohrs atommodel: C (Carbon, Kulstof)
Valenselektron4 ⓘ
Elektronprikmodellen: C (Carbon, Kulstof)
electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p2ⓘ
1s2 2s2 2p2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodel of C (Carbon, Kulstof)
Orbital Diagram of C (Carbon, Kulstof)
Oxidationstrin-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativitet
2.55
Electrophilicity Index
1,960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter
stoffase
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt
4.098,15 K
Smeltepunkt
4.762,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
4.762,15 K
10.300 kPa
appearance
farve
Sort
appearance
Brydningsindeks
2,417
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne
1,59 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion
0,0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity
8,517 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde
0,709 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
typeConductor
specifik ledningsevne
0,1 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet
0,00001 Ω*m
superledning
Magnetisme
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0,0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0,000014
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur{ERROR}
lattice constant
3,57 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed
0,5 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul
33 GPa
Forskydningsmodul
E-modul
Poissons forhold
speed of sound
18.350 m/s
klassificering
KategoriActinider, Nonmetals
CAS GroupIVB
IUPAC GroupIVA
Glawe Number87
Mendeleev Number87
Pettifor Number95
Geochemical Classsemi-volatile
Goldschmidt classificationatmophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability
11,3 ± 0,2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
46,6 a₀
allotropeGraphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section
0,0035
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,000015
quantum number3P0
rumgruppe194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes2
Unstable Isotopes14
Natural Isotopes2
Isotopic Composition1298.94%1298.94%131.06%131.06%

8C

mass number8
neutron number2
Relative Atomic Mass
8,037643039 ± 0,000019584 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
3,5 ± 1,4 zs
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1974
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
2p (2-proton emission)100%

9C

mass number9
neutron number3
Relative Atomic Mass
9,031037202 ± 0,000002293 Da
g-factor
0,9276 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
126,5 ± 0,9 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1964
Paritet-
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)7.5%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)38.4%

10C

mass number10
neutron number4
Relative Atomic Mass
10,016853217 ± 0,000000075 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
19,3011 ± 0,0015 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1949
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

11C

mass number11
neutron number5
Relative Atomic Mass
11,011432597 ± 0,000000064 Da
g-factor
-0,64266666666667 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
20,3402 ± 0,0053 m
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,0333 ± 0,0002
opdagelsesdato1934
Paritet-
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

12C

mass number12
neutron number6
Relative Atomic Mass
12 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
98,94 ± 0,06
radioaktivitetstable isotope
halveringstidNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1919
Paritet+

13C

mass number13
neutron number7
Relative Atomic Mass
13,00335483534 ± 0,00000000025 Da
g-factor
1,404738 ± 0,000008
natural abundance
1,06 ± 0,06
radioaktivitetstable isotope
halveringstidNot Radioactive ☢️
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1929
Paritet-

14C

mass number14
neutron number8
Relative Atomic Mass
14,00324198862 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
5,7 ± 0,03 ky
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1936
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

15C

mass number15
neutron number9
Relative Atomic Mass
15,010599256 ± 0,000000858 Da
g-factor
3,44 ± 0,018
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
2,449 ± 0,005 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1950
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

16C

mass number16
neutron number10
Relative Atomic Mass
16,014701255 ± 0,00000384 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
750 ± 6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1961
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)99%

17C

mass number17
neutron number11
Relative Atomic Mass
17,02257865 ± 0,000018641 Da
g-factor
0,50533333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
193 ± 6 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato1968
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

18C

mass number18
neutron number12
Relative Atomic Mass
18,02675193 ± 0,000032206 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
92 ± 2 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1969
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

19C

mass number19
neutron number13
Relative Atomic Mass
19,034797594 ± 0,000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
46,2 ± 2,3 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1974
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)47%
2n (2-neutron emission)7%

20C

mass number20
neutron number14
Relative Atomic Mass
20,040261732 ± 0,000247585 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
16 ± 3 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1981
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)70%
2n (2-neutron emission)18.6%

21C

mass number21
neutron number15
Relative Atomic Mass
21,049 ± 0,00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
n (neutron emission)

22C

mass number22
neutron number16
Relative Atomic Mass
22,05755399 ± 0,000248515 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
6,2 ± 1,3 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
opdagelsesdato1986
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)61%
2n (2-neutron emission)37%

23C

mass number23
neutron number17
Relative Atomic Mass
23,06889 ± 0,00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet+
decay modeIntensitet
n (neutron emission)
Coal anthracite
Electron shell 006 Carbon

historie

opdager eller opfinderKnown to the ancients
fundsted
opdagelsesdato
etymologiLatin: carbo, (charcoal).
udtaleKAR-ben (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
200 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)
28 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)
23 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
1,5 %
natural abundance (Solen)
0,3 %
Abundance in Universe
0,5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.3273
2p2.8642
2s2.7834
Carbon, Kulstof on ChemicalAid