Koolstof (C)

chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6; common element of all known life

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
Massagetal	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

proton	6 p⁺
neutron	6 n⁰
elektron	6 e^-

Physical Property

Atoomradius	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5,3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
Ioonradius	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm 170 pm 389,83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385,1 pm
density	2,2 g/cm³

Chemical Property

energie

proton affinity
electron affinity	1,262119 eV/particle
ionization energy	11,260296 eV/particle 24,3845 eV/particle 47,88778 eV/particle 64,49358 eV/particle 392,0905 eV/particle 489,993177 eV/particle

Verdampingswarmte
smeltingswarmte
Vormingsentalpie	716,87 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskil	2, 4

Valenselektrone	4 ⓘ

elektronkonfigurasie	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Oksidasietoestand	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegatiwiteit	15,05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1,960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4 098,15 K
Melting Point	4 762,15 K 4 713,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point	4 762,15 K 10 300 kPa
appearance
kleur	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
Brekingsindeks	2,417
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	1,59 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8,517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Geleidingsvermoë	0,1 MS/m
Elektriese resistiwiteit	0,00001 Ω*m
superconductivity
Magnetisme
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,000014
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (DIA)
lattice constant	3,57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	0,5 MPa
Massamodulus	33 GPa
Skuifmodulus
Young se modulus
Poisson se verhouding
Spoed van klank	18 350 m/s
classification
Category	Other nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11,3 ± 0,2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46,6 a₀ 47,9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0,0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,000015
quantum number	3P0
Ruimtegroep	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

Massagetal	8
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8,037643039 ± 0,000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	3,5 ± 1,4 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

Massagetal	9
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9,031037202 ± 0,000002293 Da
g-factor	0,9276 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	126,5 ± 0,9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1964
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

Massagetal	10
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10,016853217 ± 0,000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	19,3011 ± 0,0015 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

Massagetal	11
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11,011432597 ± 0,000000064 Da
g-factor	-0,64266666666667 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	20,3402 ± 0,0053 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0333 ± 0,0002
ontdekkingsdatum	1934
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

Massagetal	12
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98,94 ± 0,06
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1919
parity	+

¹³C

Massagetal	13
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13,00335483534 ± 0,00000000025 Da
g-factor	1,404738 ± 0,000008
natural abundance	1,06 ± 0,06
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1929
parity	-

¹⁴C

Massagetal	14
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14,00324198862 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	5,7 ± 0,03 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

Massagetal	15
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15,010599256 ± 0,000000858 Da
g-factor	3,44 ± 0,018
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	2,449 ± 0,005 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

Massagetal	16
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16,014701255 ± 0,00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	750 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

Massagetal	17
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17,02257865 ± 0,000018641 Da
g-factor	0,50533333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	193 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

Massagetal	18
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18,02675193 ± 0,000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	92 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

Massagetal	19
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19,034797594 ± 0,000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	46,2 ± 2,3 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

Massagetal	20
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20,040261732 ± 0,000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	16 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

Massagetal	21
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21,049 ± 0,00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

²²C

Massagetal	22
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22,05755399 ± 0,000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	6,2 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

Massagetal	23
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23,06889 ± 0,00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

geskiedenis

Ontdek deur	Known to the ancients
ligging van ontdekking
ontdekkingsdatum
etimologie	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
uitspraak	KAR-ben (Engels)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (oseaan)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	23 %
natural abundance (Meteoroïde)	1,5 %
natural abundance (Son)	0,3 %
Abundance in Universe	0,5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Koolstof on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300264720
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3180
BNCF	18855
BNF-kode	11976417k
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX526055
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	kohlenstoff
CAS Registry Number	7440-44-0
ChEBI ID	33415
ChemSpider ID	4575370
CosIng number	95647
Cultureel Woordenboek ID	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/koolstof
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID407391
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9027651
Den Store Danske ID	carbon
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.321
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/carbon-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	carbone
English Vikidia ID	Carbon
EuroVoc ID	5261
Freebase-kode	/m/025tfgm
French Vikidia ID	Carbone
GND ID	4164538-8
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0088553
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4214872
ICSC ID	0702
IUPAC Gold Book ID	C00821
InChI	InChI=1S/C
InChIKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Carbonio
KBpedia ID	Carbon
KEGG ID	C06265
Klexikon article ID	Kohlenstoff
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/UGLEROD.html
LCCN	sh85020090
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	113504
MeSH descriptor ID	D002244
NDL-kode	00572686
NE.se ID	kol
NKC-kode	ph158523
Namuwiki ID	탄소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007283488605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	484
OpenAlex ID	C2993252241
PSH ID	5796
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143905
PubChem CID	5462310
Quora topic ID	Carbon-element-1
Quora topic ID	Carbon
Römpp online ID	RD-11-01491
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1106726
Spanish Vikidia ID	Carbono
Store norske leksikon ID	karbon
Treccani ID	carbonio
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10638575
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/728
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	8964
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept4645
USGS Thesaurus ID	1420
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Element", "Carbon"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14657384-n
YSO ID	138
ZVG number	8040
nLab ID	carbon

Koolstof (C)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

geskiedenis

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C