Германи

Германи (Ge)

chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32
Atomic Number32
Atomic Weight72.63
mass number74
Group14
Period4
Blockp
Протон32 p+
Нейтрон42 n0
Электрон32 e-
Animated Атăмăн Бор моделĕ of Ge (Германи)

Физикăлла Палăрăм

Атом Радиусĕ
molar volume
Ковалентла радиус
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals radius
density
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Германи0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220pmАтом РадиусĕКовалентла РадиусMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

Энерги
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
ionization energy of Ge (Германи)
Пăсланнин тата конденсациленнин пайлавла ăшши
Шăраннин пайлавла ăшши
standard enthalpy of formation
Электрон
electron shell2, 8, 18, 4
Атăмăн Бор моделĕ: Ge (Германи)
valence electron4
Lewis structure: Ge (Германи)
electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2
Enhanced Атăмăн Бор моделĕ of Ge (Германи)
Orbital Diagram of Ge (Германи)
Оксидлав капашĕ-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Электронегативлăх
2.01
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
Melting Point
critical pressure
critical temperature
Виççĕлле пăнчă
appearance
Тӗс
Gray
appearancegrayish-white
Хуçăлу кăтартăшĕ
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeSemiconductor
electrical conductivity
Пайлавла электро хирĕçтăру
superconductivity
Магнетизм
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0,0000000015 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0,000000000109 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0,00000798
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal StructureFace Centered Cubic (DIA)
Решетке константти
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Юнг модулĕ
Poisson's ratio
Сасă хăвăртлăхĕ
classification
CategoryMetalloids, Metalloids
CAS GroupIVB
IUPAC GroupIVA
Glawe Number84
Mendeleev Number89
Pettifor Number84
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classificationchalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
Поляризациленеслĕх
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
2,2
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0011
quantum number3P0
space group225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Germanium

Stable Isotopes4
Unstable Isotopes29
Natural Isotopes5
Isotopic Composition7436.52%7436.52%7227.45%7227.45%7020.52%7020.52%737.76%737.76%767.75%767.75%

58Ge

mass number58
neutron number26
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
2p (2-proton emission)

59Ge

mass number59
neutron number27
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
13,3 ± 1,7 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2015
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)93%
2p (2-proton emission)0.2%

60Ge

mass number60
neutron number28
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
21 ± 6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2005
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)100%
2p (2-proton emission)14%

61Ge

mass number61
neutron number29
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
40,7 ± 0,4 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1987
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)87%

62Ge

mass number62
neutron number30
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
82,5 ± 1,4 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1991
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

63Ge

mass number63
neutron number31
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
153,6 ± 1,1 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1991
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

64Ge

mass number64
neutron number32
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
63,7 ± 2,5 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

65Ge

mass number65
neutron number33
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
30,9 ± 0,5 s
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.011%

66Ge

mass number66
neutron number34
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
2,26 ± 0,05 h
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1950
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

67Ge

mass number67
neutron number35
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
18,9 ± 0,3 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1950
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

68Ge

mass number68
neutron number36
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
271,05 ± 0,08 d
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1948
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

69Ge

mass number69
neutron number37
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,294 ± 0,0028
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
39,05 ± 0,1 h
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,114 ± 0,007
time of discovery or invention1938
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

70Ge

mass number70
neutron number38
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
20,52 ± 0,19
Радиоактивлă аркануstable isotope
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1923
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

71Ge

mass number71
neutron number39
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
11,43 ± 0,03 d
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1941
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

72Ge

mass number72
neutron number40
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
27,45 ± 0,15
Радиоактивлă аркануstable isotope
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1923
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

73Ge

mass number73
neutron number41
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0,19516444444444 ± 0,000011111111111111
natural abundance
7,76 ± 0,08
Радиоактивлă аркануstable isotope
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕNot Radioactive ☢️
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0,196 ± 0,001
time of discovery or invention1933
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

74Ge

mass number74
neutron number42
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
36,52 ± 0,12
Радиоактивлă аркануstable isotope
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1923
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

75Ge

mass number75
neutron number43
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
1,018 ± 0,01
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
82,78 ± 0,04 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1939
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

76Ge

mass number76
neutron number44
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
7,75 ± 0,12
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
1,88 ± 0,08 Zy
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
(double β decay)100%

77Ge

mass number77
neutron number45
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
11,211 ± 0,003 h
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1939
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

78Ge

mass number78
neutron number46
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
88 ± 1 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1953
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

79Ge

mass number79
neutron number47
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
18,98 ± 0,03 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1970
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

80Ge

mass number80
neutron number48
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
29,5 ± 0,4 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

81Ge

mass number81
neutron number49
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
9 ± 2 s
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

82Ge

mass number82
neutron number50
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
4,31 ± 0,19 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

83Ge

mass number83
neutron number51
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
1,85 ± 0,06 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

84Ge

mass number84
neutron number52
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
951 ± 9 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1972
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)10.6%

85Ge

mass number85
neutron number53
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
495 ± 5 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1991
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)17.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

86Ge

mass number86
neutron number54
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
221,6 ± 11 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1994
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)45%

87Ge

mass number87
neutron number55
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
103 ± 4 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1997
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

88Ge

mass number88
neutron number56
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
61 ± 6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1997
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

89Ge

mass number89
neutron number57
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1997
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

90Ge

mass number90
neutron number58
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивлă аркану☢️ radioactive element
Çурма аркану тапхăрĕ
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2010
Ыт-тĕкел (физика)+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
Germanium element

истори

discoverer or inventorClemens Winkler
location of discoveryGermany
time of discovery or invention1886
etymologyLatin: Germania (Germany).
pronunciationjer-MAY-ni-em (акӑлчан)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (океан)
natural abundance (Этем ӳт-пĕвĕ)
natural abundance (meteoroid)
0,0021 %
natural abundance (Хĕвел)
0,00002 %
Abundance in Universe
0,00002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.7063
2p3.9178
2s8.6352
3d15.7487
3p14.9864
3s14.2103
4p25.2196
4s23.9564