Scaindiam (Sc)

chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21

Atomic Number	21
Atomic Weight	44.955908
mass number	45

Group	3
Period	4
Block	d

proton	21 p⁺
neutron	24 n⁰
electron	21 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	160 pm 263 pm
molar volume	15 cm³/mol
covalent radius	148 pm 116 pm 114 pm 170 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 162 pm
ionic radius	74.5 pm 87 pm
Crystal Radius	88.5 pm 101 pm
Van der Waals radius	230 pm 215 pm 261 pm 329.5 pm
density	2.99 g/cm³ 2,800 kg/m³

Chemical Property

lùth

proton affinity	914 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0.188 eV/particle
ionization energy	6.56149 eV/particle 12.79977 eV/particle 24.756838 eV/particle 73.4894 eV/particle 91.949 eV/particle 110.68 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 158.1 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 225.18 eV/particle 249.798 eV/particle 687.36 eV/particle 757.7 eV/particle 833 eV/particle 926.48 eV/particle 1,008.62 eV/particle 1,093.48 eV/particle 1,213.1 eV/particle 1,287.956 eV/particle 5,674.9034 eV/particle 6,033.754 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	332.7 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	15.8 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	377.8 kJ/mol
electron

electron shell	2, 8, 9, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²

oxidation number	0, 1, 2, 3
electronegativity	7.042 eV/particle 0.1193833 1.36
Electrophilicity Index	0.8934589851890408 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,109.15 K
Melting Point	1,814.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
dath	Silver #ff1493 #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6
appearance	silvery white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	15.8 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000102 1/K
molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.568 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	1.8 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000055 Ω*m
superconductivity	0.05 K
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.000000088 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000003956 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.0002627
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	3.31 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	750 MPa
bulk modulus	57 GPa
shear modulus	29 GPa
Young's modulus	74 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.28
speed of sound
classification
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	48
Mendeleev Number	11
Pettifor Number	20
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	892 kJ/mol
polarizability	97 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1,383 a₀ 1,570 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	27.2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.025
quantum number	2D3/2
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Scandium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	28
Natural Isotopes	1

³⁵Sc

mass number	35
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	35.029093 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁶Sc

mass number	36
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	36.017338 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁷Sc

mass number	37
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	37.004058 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁸Sc

mass number	38
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	37.995438 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁹Sc

mass number	39
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	38.984784953 ± 0.000025765 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1988
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)	100%

⁴⁰Sc

mass number	40
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	39.977967275 ± 0.000003036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	182.3 ± 0.7 ms
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.44%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.017%

⁴¹Sc

mass number	41
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	40.969251163 ± 0.000000083 Da
g-factor	1.5509428571429 ± 0.0004
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	596.3 ± 1.7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.145 ± 0.003
time of discovery or invention	1941
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴²Sc

mass number	42
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	41.965516686 ± 0.000000165 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	680.72 ± 0.26 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴³Sc

mass number	43
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	42.961150425 ± 0.000001999 Da
g-factor	1.2931428571429 ± 0.0028571428571429
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.891 ± 0.012 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.27 ± 0.05
time of discovery or invention	1935
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁴Sc

mass number	44
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	43.959402818 ± 0.000001884 Da
g-factor	1.249 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.0421 ± 0.0025 h
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.1 ± 0.05
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁵Sc

mass number	45
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	44.955907051 ± 0.000000712 Da
g-factor	1.3582857142857 ± 0.000022857142857143
natural abundance	100
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.22 ± 0.002
time of discovery or invention	1923
parity	-

⁴⁶Sc

mass number	46
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	45.955167034 ± 0.00000072 Da
g-factor	0.76 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	83.757 ± 0.014 d
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.119 ± 0.006
time of discovery or invention	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷Sc

mass number	47
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	46.952402444 ± 0.000002072 Da
g-factor	1.5257142857143 ± 0.0057142857142857
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.3492 ± 0.0006 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.22 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention	1945
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸Sc

mass number	48
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	47.952222903 ± 0.000005313 Da
g-factor	0.62283333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	43.67 ± 0.09 h
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁹Sc

mass number	49
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	48.950013159 ± 0.000002434 Da
g-factor	1.6028571428571 ± 0.0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	57.18 ± 0.13 m
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1940
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁰Sc

mass number	50
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	49.952187437 ± 0.0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	102.5 ± 0.5 s
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1959
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵¹Sc

mass number	51
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	50.953568838 ± 0.0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	12.4 ± 0.1 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1966
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵²Sc

mass number	52
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	51.95649617 ± 0.0000033 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8.2 ± 0.2 s
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1980
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵³Sc

mass number	53
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	52.958379173 ± 0.000019 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.4 ± 0.6 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1980
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵⁴Sc

mass number	54
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	53.963029359 ± 0.000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	526 ± 15 ms
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1990
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%

⁵⁵Sc

mass number	55
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	54.966889637 ± 0.000067 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	96 ± 2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1990
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶Sc

mass number	56
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	55.972607611 ± 0.000278761 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	26 ± 6 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷Sc

mass number	57
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	56.977048 ± 0.000193 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	22 ± 2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸Sc

mass number	58
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	57.983382 ± 0.000204 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	12 ± 5 ms
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹Sc

mass number	59
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	58.988374 ± 0.000268 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2009
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁰Sc

mass number	60
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	59.995115 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2009
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶¹Sc

mass number	61
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	61.000537 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2009
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶²Sc

mass number	62
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	62.007848 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2018
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶³Sc

mass number	63
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	63.014031 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

eachdraidh

discoverer or inventor	Lars Nilson
location of discovery	Sweden
time of discovery or invention	1879
Facal-fhreumachd	Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
pronunciation	SKAN-di-em (Beurla)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	22 mg/kg
natural abundance (cuan)	0.0000006 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (Dreag)	0.00064 %
natural abundance (Grian)	0.000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5434
2	p	3.9454
2	s	6.4264
3	d	13.8801
3	p	11.5938
3	s	10.6602
4	s	16.3676

Scaindiam on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300386739
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3572
BNCF Thesaurus ID	38291
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12201543p
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	scandium
CAB ID	264931
CAS Registry Number	7440-20-2
ChEBI ID	33330
ChemSpider ID	22392
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14723000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID1047653
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064689
Den Store Danske ID	scandium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.299
Elhuyar ZTH ID	023493
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/scandium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	scandium
Freebase ID	/m/025sf87
French Vikidia ID	Scandium
GND ID	4051871-1
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0104320
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3667562
InChI	InChI=1S/Sc
InChIKey	SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Scandium
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	138972
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85117977
MeSH descriptor ID	D012538
NDL Authority ID	00571660
NE.se ID	skandium
NKCR AUT ID	ph543051
Namuwiki ID	스칸듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558467005171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	357984
OpenAlex ID	C551831248
PSH ID	5756
PubChem CID	23952
Quora topic ID	Scandium
RxNorm ID	1311273
Spanish Vikidia ID	Escandio
Store norske leksikon ID	scandium
Treccani ID	scandio
UNII	YUJ4U1EW7R
USGS Thesaurus ID	1569
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14678010-n
YSO ID	38599
ZVG number	7210

Scaindiam (Sc)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Scandium

35Sc

36Sc

37Sc

38Sc

39Sc

40Sc

41Sc

42Sc

43Sc

44Sc

45Sc

46Sc

47Sc

48Sc

49Sc

50Sc

51Sc

52Sc

53Sc

54Sc

55Sc

56Sc

57Sc

58Sc

59Sc

60Sc

61Sc

62Sc

63Sc

eachdraidh

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

³⁵Sc

³⁶Sc

³⁷Sc

³⁸Sc

³⁹Sc

⁴⁰Sc

⁴¹Sc

⁴²Sc

⁴³Sc

⁴⁴Sc

⁴⁵Sc

⁴⁶Sc

⁴⁷Sc

⁴⁸Sc

⁴⁹Sc

⁵⁰Sc

⁵¹Sc

⁵²Sc

⁵³Sc

⁵⁴Sc

⁵⁵Sc

⁵⁶Sc

⁵⁷Sc

⁵⁸Sc

⁵⁹Sc

⁶⁰Sc

⁶¹Sc

⁶²Sc

⁶³Sc