Beryllium (Be)

grundstof med atomnummer 4

Atomnummer	4
Atommasse	9.0121831
mass number	9

Gruppe	2
Periode	2
Blok	s

proton	4 p⁺
neutron	5 n⁰
elektron	4 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of Be (Beryllium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	105 pm 219 pm
molar volume	5 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	102 pm 90 pm 85 pm 115 pm 96 pm
Metallic Radius	89 pm 112 pm
Ionisk radius	16 pm 27 pm 45 pm
Crystal Radius	30 pm 41 pm 59 pm
Van der Waals-radius	190 pm 153 pm 223 pm 153 pm 274,5 pm
massefylde	1,85 g/cm³ 1.690 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

{ERROR}

energi

proton affinity
electron affinity	-2,4 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	9,322699 eV/particle 18,211153 eV/particle 153,896198 eV/particle 217,7185766 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	309 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	12,21 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	324 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 2

Valenselektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[He] 2s²ⓘ 1s² 2s²

Oxidationstrin	0, 1, 2
Elektronegativitet	9,323 eV/particle 0.144986 1.57
Electrophilicity Index	0,5110145863657444 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	2.741,15 K
Smeltepunkt	1.560,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature	5.205,15 K
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Sort #ff1493 #c2ff00 #c2ff00
appearance	white-gray metallic
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	201 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000113 1/K
molar heat capacity	16,443 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	1,825 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	25 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000003999999999998 Ω*m
superledning	0,026 K
Magnetisme
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000126 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000001136 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,00002328
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	{ERROR}
lattice constant	2,29 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed	600 MPa 5,5 MPa 1.670 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	130 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	132 GPa
E-modul	287 GPa
Poissons forhold	0,032
speed of sound	13.000 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Actinider, Alkaline earth metals
CAS Group	IIA
IUPAC Group	IIA
Glawe Number	77
Mendeleev Number	75
Pettifor Number	77
Geochemical Class	alkaline earth metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability	37,74 ± 0,03 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	227 a₀ 214 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,0092
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,00003
quantum number	1S0
rumgruppe	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Beryllium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	11
Natural Isotopes	1

⁵Be

mass number	5
neutron number	1
Relative Atomic Mass	5,03987 ± 0,00215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁶Be

mass number	6
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	6,019726409 ± 0,000005848 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	5 ± 0,3 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1958
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁷Be

mass number	7
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	7,016928714 ± 0,000000076 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	53,22 ± 0,06 d
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1938
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁸Be

mass number	8
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	8,005305102 ± 0,000000037 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	81,9 ± 3,7 as
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1932
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

⁹Be

mass number	9
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	9,012183062 ± 0,000000082 Da
g-factor	-0,78495333333333 ± 0,0000033333333333333
natural abundance	100
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0529 ± 0,0004
opdagelsesdato	1921
Paritet	-

¹⁰Be

mass number	10
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	10,013534692 ± 0,000000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,387 ± 0,012 My
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1935
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹Be

mass number	11
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	11,02166108 ± 0,000000255 Da
g-factor	-3,3632 ± 0,0016
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	13,76 ± 0,07 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1958
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	3.3%
B-p	0.0013%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²Be

mass number	12
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	12,026922082 ± 0,000002048 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	21,46 ± 0,05 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1966
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.5%

¹³Be

mass number	13
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	13,036134506 ± 0,000010929 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1 ± 0,7 zs
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
n (neutron emission)

¹⁴Be

mass number	14
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	14,04289292 ± 0,00014197 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,53 ± 0,27 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1973
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	86%
2n (2-neutron emission)	5%
β⁻ t (β⁻-delayed triton emission)	0.02%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	0.004%

¹⁵Be

mass number	15
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	15,053490215 ± 0,00017799 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	790 ± 270 ys
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2013
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
n (neutron emission)	100%

¹⁶Be

mass number	16
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	16,061672036 ± 0,00017799 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	650 ± 130 ys
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2012
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2n (2-neutron emission)	100%

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Fredrich Wöhler, A.A.Bussy
fundsted	Germany/France
opdagelsesdato	1798
etymologi	Greek: beryllos, "beryl" (a mineral).
udtale	beh-RIL-i-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	2,8 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	0,0000056 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)	0,00000004 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0,0000029 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,00000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0,0000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3152
2	s	2.088

Beryllium on ChemicalAid

Beryllium (Be)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Beryllium

5Be

6Be

7Be

8Be

9Be

10Be

11Be

12Be

13Be

14Be

15Be

16Be

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵Be

⁶Be

⁷Be

⁸Be

⁹Be

¹⁰Be

¹¹Be

¹²Be

¹³Be

¹⁴Be

¹⁵Be

¹⁶Be