Berilium

Berilium (Be)

chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4
Atomic Number4
Atomic Weight9.0121831
Nombor jisim9
Group2
Period2
Blocks
proton4 p+
neutron5 n0
Elektron4 e-
Animated Model Bohr of Be (Berilium)

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom
105 pm
molar volume
Jejari kovalen
102 pm
Metallic Radius
89 pm
ionic radius
16 pm
Crystal Radius
30 pm
Jejari van der Waals
153 pm
ketumpatan
1.85 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Berilium0102030405060708090100110120130140150160pmJejari AtomJejari KovalenMetallic RadiusJejari van der Waals

Sifat Kimia

tenaga
proton affinity
Pertalian elektron
ionization energy
9.322699 eV/particle
ionization energy of Be (Berilium)
Entalpi pengewapan
309 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran
12.21 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation
324 kJ/mol
Elektron
Petala elektron2, 2
Model Bohr: Be (Berilium)
Elektron valens2
Teori ion Lewis: Be (Berilium)
tatarajah elektron[He] 2s2
1s2 2s2
Enhanced Model Bohr of Be (Berilium)
Orbital Diagram of Be (Berilium)
Keadaan pengoksidaan0, 1, 2
Keelektronegatifan
1.57
Electrophilicity Index
0.5110145863657444 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas
fasa jirimSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
2,741.15 K
Melting Point
1,560.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
5,205.15 K
triple point
rupa
warna
Slate Gray
rupawhite-gray metallic
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity
Pengembangan terma
0.0000113 1/K
molar heat capacity
16.443 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
1.825 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
Kekonduksian elektrik
25 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik
0.00000003999999999998 m Ω
Kesuperkonduksian
0.026 K
kemagnetan
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0.0000000126 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0.0000000001136 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0.00002328
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant
2.29 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness
5.5 MPa
Modulus pukal
130 GPa
shear modulus
132 GPa
Young's modulus
287 GPa
Nisbah Poisson
0.032
Kelajuan bunyi
13,000 m/s
pengelasan
CategoryAlkaline earth metals, Alkaline earth metals
CAS GroupIIA
IUPAC GroupIIA
Glawe Number77
Mendeleev Number75
Pettifor Number77
Geochemical Classalkaline earth metal
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
37.74 ± 0.03 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
227 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section
0.0092
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.00003
Nombor kuantum1S0
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Beryllium

Stable Isotopes1
Unstable Isotopes11
Natural Isotopes1

5Be

Nombor jisim5
nombor neutron1
jisim atom relatif
5.03987 ± 0.00215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

6Be

Nombor jisim6
nombor neutron2
jisim atom relatif
6.019726409 ± 0.000005848 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
5 ± 0.3 zs
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1958
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
2p (2-proton emission)100%

7Be

Nombor jisim7
nombor neutron3
jisim atom relatif
7.016928714 ± 0.000000076 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
53.22 ± 0.06 d
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1938
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)100%

8Be

Nombor jisim8
nombor neutron4
jisim atom relatif
8.005305102 ± 0.000000037 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
81.9 ± 3.7 as
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1932
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
α (α emission)100%

9Be

Nombor jisim9
nombor neutron5
jisim atom relatif
9.012183062 ± 0.000000082 Da
g-factor
-0.78495333333333 ± 0.0000033333333333333
natural abundance
100
Reputan radioaktifIsotop stabil
setengah hayatNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.0529 ± 0.0004
tarikh penemuan1921
parity-

10Be

Nombor jisim10
nombor neutron6
jisim atom relatif
10.013534692 ± 0.000000086 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.387 ± 0.012 My
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1935
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

11Be

Nombor jisim11
nombor neutron7
jisim atom relatif
11.02166108 ± 0.000000255 Da
g-factor
-3.3632 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
13.76 ± 0.07 s
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1958
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
βα (β-delayed α emission)3.3%
B-p0.0013%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

12Be

Nombor jisim12
nombor neutron8
jisim atom relatif
12.026922082 ± 0.000002048 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
21.46 ± 0.05 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1966
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.5%

13Be

Nombor jisim13
nombor neutron9
jisim atom relatif
13.036134506 ± 0.000010929 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1 ± 0.7 zs
Spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1983
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)

14Be

Nombor jisim14
nombor neutron10
jisim atom relatif
14.04289292 ± 0.00014197 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
4.53 ± 0.27 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1973
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)86%
2n (2-neutron emission)5%
β t (β-delayed triton emission)0.02%
βα (β-delayed α emission)0.004%

15Be

Nombor jisim15
nombor neutron11
jisim atom relatif
15.053490215 ± 0.00017799 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
790 ± 270 ys
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2013
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)100%

16Be

Nombor jisim16
nombor neutron12
jisim atom relatif
16.061672036 ± 0.00017799 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
650 ± 130 ys
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan2012
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
2n (2-neutron emission)100%
Beryllium nuggets 2
Electron shell de 004 Beryllium

sejarah

penemu atau perekaFredrich Wöhler, A.A.Bussy
tempat penemuanGermany/France
tarikh penemuan1798
EtimologiGreek: beryllos, "beryl" (a mineral).
sebutanbeh-RIL-i-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
2.8 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)
0.0000056 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
0.00000004 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
0.0000029 %
natural abundance (Matahari)
0.00000001 %
Abundance in Universe
0.0000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.3152
2s2.088