Carboni (C)

elfen gemegol gyda'r rhif atomig 6

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
Rhif màs	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

Proton	6 p⁺
Niwtron	6 n⁰
Electron	6 e^-

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Atomic Radius	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5.3 cm³/mol
covalent radius	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
ionic radius	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm 170 pm 389.83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385.1 pm
density	2.2 g/cm³

Nodwedd Gemegol

egni

proton affinity
electron affinity	1.262119 eV/particle
ionization energy	11.260296 eV/particle 24.3845 eV/particle 47.88778 eV/particle 64.49358 eV/particle 392.0905 eV/particle 489.993177 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation	716.87 kJ/mol
Electron

plisgyn yr electron	2, 4

valence electron	4 ⓘ

trefn yr electronnau	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Cyflwr ocsidiad	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegatifedd	15.05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1.960493365843406 eV/particle
cyflwr sylfaenol mater

cyflwr mater	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4,098.15 K
Melting Point	4,762.15 K 4,713.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point	4,762.15 K 10,300 kPa
appearance
lliw	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
Mynegrif plygiant	2.417
nodwedd ffisegol gwrthrych
Thermal Conductivity	1.59 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8.517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
dargludedd trydanol	0.1 MS/m
Gwrthedd	0.00001 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.000014
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
strwythur
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (DIA)
lattice constant	3.57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
nodwedd mecanyddol deunyddiau
hardness	0.5 MPa
bulk modulus	33 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	18,350 m/s
classification
Category	Other nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11.3 ± 0.2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46.6 a₀ 47.9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0.0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.000015
quantum number	3P0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

Rhif màs	8
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8.037643039 ± 0.000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	3.5 ± 1.4 zs
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

Rhif màs	9
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9.031037202 ± 0.000002293 Da
g-factor	0.9276 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	126.5 ± 0.9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1964
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

Rhif màs	10
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10.016853217 ± 0.000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	19.3011 ± 0.0015 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

Rhif màs	11
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11.011432597 ± 0.000000064 Da
g-factor	-0.64266666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	20.3402 ± 0.0053 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0333 ± 0.0002
dyddiad darganfod	1934
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

Rhif màs	12
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98.94 ± 0.06
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1919
parity	+

¹³C

Rhif màs	13
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13.00335483534 ± 0.00000000025 Da
g-factor	1.404738 ± 0.000008
natural abundance	1.06 ± 0.06
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1929
parity	-

¹⁴C

Rhif màs	14
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14.00324198862 ± 0.00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	5.7 ± 0.03 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

Rhif màs	15
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15.010599256 ± 0.000000858 Da
g-factor	3.44 ± 0.018
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	2.449 ± 0.005 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

Rhif màs	16
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16.014701255 ± 0.00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	750 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

Rhif màs	17
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17.02257865 ± 0.000018641 Da
g-factor	0.50533333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	193 ± 6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

Rhif màs	18
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18.02675193 ± 0.000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	92 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

Rhif màs	19
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19.034797594 ± 0.000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	46.2 ± 2.3 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

Rhif màs	20
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20.040261732 ± 0.000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	16 ± 3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

Rhif màs	21
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21.049 ± 0.00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

²²C

Rhif màs	22
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22.05755399 ± 0.000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	6.2 ± 1.3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

Rhif màs	23
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23.06889 ± 0.00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

hanes

darganfyddwr neu ddyfeisiwr	Known to the ancients
man darganfod
dyddiad darganfod
geirdarddiad	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
ynganiad	KAR-ben (Saesneg)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (cefnfor)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (corff dynol)	23 %
natural abundance (Awyrfaen)	1.5 %
natural abundance (Haul)	0.3 %
Abundance in Universe	0.5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Carboni on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3180
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	kohlenstoff
ChEBI ID	33415
ChemSpider ID	4575370
CosIng number	95647
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID407391
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9027651
Den Store Danske ID	carbon
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.321
English Vikidia ID	Carbon
EuroVoc ID	5261
French Vikidia ID	Carbone
GND	4164538-8
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4214872
IUPAC Gold Book ID	C00821
InChI	InChI=1S/C
InChIKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Carbonio
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/UGLEROD.html
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	113504
Namuwiki ID	탄소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007283488605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	484
OpenAlex ID	C2993252241
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143905
PubChem CID	5462310
Rhif Cofrestru CAS	7440-44-0
Römpp online ID	RD-11-01491
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1106726
Spanish Vikidia ID	Carbono
Store norske leksikon ID	karbon
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/728
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept4645
USGS Thesaurus ID	1420
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14657384-n
ZVG number	8040
dynodwr AAT	300264720
dynodwr Archifau Cenedlaethol yr Unol Daleithiau	10638575
dynodwr BNE	XX526055
dynodwr BnF	11976417k
dynodwr Cultureel Woordenboek	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/koolstof
dynodwr Encyclopædia Britannica Online	science/carbon-chemical-element
dynodwr Encyclopædia Universalis	carbone
dynodwr Freebase	/m/025tfgm
dynodwr Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana	0088553
dynodwr ICSC	0702
dynodwr KBpedia	Carbon
dynodwr KEGG	C06265
dynodwr Klexikon (erthygl)	Kohlenstoff
dynodwr LCAuth	sh85020090
dynodwr MeSH	D002244
dynodwr NDL	00572686
dynodwr NE.se	kol
dynodwr NKC	ph158523
dynodwr PSH	5796
dynodwr Quora	Carbon-element-1
dynodwr Quora	Carbon
dynodwr Treccani	carbonio
dynodwr Wolfram Language (endid)	Entity["Element", "Carbon"]
dynodwr YSO	138
dynodwr thesawrws Senedd y DU	8964
dynodwr yn thesawrws y BNCF	18855
nLab ID	carbon

Carboni (C)

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Nodwedd Gemegol

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

hanes

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C