Atomic Number | 6 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 12.011 |
Mass Number | 12 |
Group | 14 |
---|---|
Period | 2 |
Block | p |
Protons | 6 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 6 n0 |
Electrons | 6 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals Radius | |
Density |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | |
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 4 |
Valence Electrons | 4 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p2 |
Oxidation States | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity | 2.55
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Carbon is a Black. C has a CPK of #c8c8c8, Jmol of #909090, and MOLCAS GV of #555555. The Refractive Index of Element 6 is 2.417. | |
Color | Black
|
Appearance | |
Refractive Index | 2.417
|
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000062 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.0000000000745 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.000014
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Carbon is DIA. The lattice constant of C is 3.57 Å. The lattice angles of Element 6 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (DIA) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Carbon has a Mohs hardness of 0.5 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of C is 33 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Element 6 is 18350 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Carbon is IVB. The IUPAC Group of C is IVA. The Glawe Number of Element 6 is 87. The Mendeleev Number of Carbon (C) is 87. The Pettifor Number of Carbon is 95. The Geochemical Class of C is semi-volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 6 is atmophile. | |
Category | Other nonmetals, Nonmetals |
CAS Group | IVB |
IUPAC Group | IVA |
Glawe Number | 87 |
Mendeleev Number | 87 |
Pettifor Number | 95 |
Geochemical Class | semi-volatile |
Goldschmidt Class | atmophile |
The Dipole Polarizability of Carbon is 11.3 plus or minus 0.2 a₀. C has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 46.6 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 47.9 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 6 are Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene. The Neutron Cross Section of Carbon (C) is 0.0035. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Carbon is 1.5E-5. The Quantum Numbers of C is 3P0. The Space Group of Element 6 is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.0035
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.000015
|
Quantum Numbers | 3P0 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 14 |
Natural Isotopes | 2 |
Mass Number | 8 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 2 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.5 ± 1.4 zs
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2p (2-proton emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 9 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 3 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.9276 ± 0.00033333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 126.5 ± 0.9 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 7.5% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 38.4% |
Mass Number | 10 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 4 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 19.3011 ± 0.0015 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 11 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 5 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.64266666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 20.3402 ± 0.0053 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.0333 ± 0.0002
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 12 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 6 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 98.94 ± 0.06
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1919 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 13 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 7 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.404738 ± 0.000008
|
Abundance | 1.06 ± 0.06
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1929 |
Parity | - |
Mass Number | 14 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 8 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.7 ± 0.03 ky
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1936 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 15 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 9 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 3.44 ± 0.018
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.449 ± 0.005 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 16 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 10 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 750 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 99% |
Mass Number | 17 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 11 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.50533333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 193 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 28.4% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 18 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 12 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 92 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 31.5% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 19 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 13 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 46.2 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 47% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 7% |
Mass Number | 20 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 14 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 16 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 70% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 18.6% |
Mass Number | 21 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 15 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 22 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 16 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6.2 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 61% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 37% |
Mass Number | 23 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 17 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) |
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations. In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water. In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon. From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Discoverers | Known to the ancients |
---|---|
Discovery Location | |
Discovery Year | |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: carbo, (charcoal). |
Pronunciation | KAR-ben (English) |
1 | s | 0.3273 |
2 | p | 2.8642 |
2 | s | 2.7834 |