Ogleklis (C)

ķīmiskais elements

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
Masas skaitlis	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

protons	6 p⁺
neitrons	6 n⁰
elektrons	6 e^-

Animated Bora atoma struktūras modelis of C (Ogleklis)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Atoma Rādiuss	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5,3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
ionic radius	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm 170 pm 389,83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385,1 pm
blīvums	2,2 g/cm³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

enerģija

proton affinity
Elektrontieksme	1,262119 eV/particle
jonizācijas potenciāls	11,260296 eV/particle 24,3845 eV/particle 47,88778 eV/particle 64,49358 eV/particle 392,0905 eV/particle 489,993177 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation	716,87 kJ/mol
elektrons

electron shell	2, 4

vērtības elektrons	4 ⓘ

elektronu konfigurācija	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Oksidēšanas pakāpe	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitāte	15,05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1,960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamentālais agregātstāvoklis

agregātstāvoklis
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4 098,15 K
Melting Point	4 762,15 K 4 713,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trīskāršais punkts	4 762,15 K 10 300 kPa
appearance
krāsa	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
appearance
Laušanas koeficients	2,417
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	1,59 W/(m K)
Termiskā izplešanās	0,0000071 1/K
Molārā siltumietilpība	8,517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	0,1 MS/m
īpatnējā pretestība	0,00001 Ω*m
Supravadītspēja
Magnētisms
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,000014
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
struktūra
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
Cietība	0,5 MPa
tilpuma elastības modulis	33 GPa
shear modulus
Junga modulis
Poisson's ratio
skaņas ātrums	18 350 m/s
klasifikācija
Category	Actinides, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11,3 ± 0,2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46,6 a₀ 47,9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0,0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,000015
quantum number	3P0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

Masas skaitlis	8
neutron number	2
Relative Atomic Mass	8,037643039 ± 0,000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	3,5 ± 1,4 zs
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

Masas skaitlis	9
neutron number	3
Relative Atomic Mass	9,031037202 ± 0,000002293 Da
g-factor	0,9276 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	126,5 ± 0,9 ms
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1964
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

Masas skaitlis	10
neutron number	4
Relative Atomic Mass	10,016853217 ± 0,000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	19,3011 ± 0,0015 s
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

Masas skaitlis	11
neutron number	5
Relative Atomic Mass	11,011432597 ± 0,000000064 Da
g-factor	-0,64266666666667 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	20,3402 ± 0,0053 m
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,0333 ± 0,0002
atklāšanas datums	1934
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

Masas skaitlis	12
neutron number	6
Relative Atomic Mass	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98,94 ± 0,06
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1919
parity	+

¹³C

Masas skaitlis	13
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	13,00335483534 ± 0,00000000025 Da
g-factor	1,404738 ± 0,000008
natural abundance	1,06 ± 0,06
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1929
parity	-

¹⁴C

Masas skaitlis	14
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	14,00324198862 ± 0,00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	5,7 ± 0,03 ky
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

Masas skaitlis	15
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	15,010599256 ± 0,000000858 Da
g-factor	3,44 ± 0,018
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,449 ± 0,005 s
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

Masas skaitlis	16
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	16,014701255 ± 0,00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	750 ± 6 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

Masas skaitlis	17
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	17,02257865 ± 0,000018641 Da
g-factor	0,50533333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	193 ± 6 ms
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

Masas skaitlis	18
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	18,02675193 ± 0,000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	92 ± 2 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

Masas skaitlis	19
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	19,034797594 ± 0,000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	46,2 ± 2,3 ms
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

Masas skaitlis	20
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	20,040261732 ± 0,000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	16 ± 3 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

Masas skaitlis	21
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	21,049 ± 0,00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

²²C

Masas skaitlis	22
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	22,05755399 ± 0,000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	6,2 ± 1,3 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

Masas skaitlis	23
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	23,06889 ± 0,00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)

vēsture

atklājējs vai izgudrotājs	Known to the ancients
atraduma atrašanās vieta
atklāšanas datums
Etimoloģija	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
izruna	KAR-ben (angļu)

avots

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (okeāns)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (cilvēka ķermenis)	23 %
natural abundance (meteoroīds)	1,5 %
natural abundance (Saule)	0,3 %
Abundance in Universe	0,5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Ogleklis on ChemicalAid

Ogleklis (C)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

vēsture

avots

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C