Karbon (C)

chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6; common element of all known life

Atomic Number	6
Atomic Weight	12.011
Nombor jisim	12

Group	14
Period	2
Block	p

proton	6 p⁺
neutron	6 n⁰
Elektron	6 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	70 pm 190 pm
molar volume	5.3 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	75 pm 67 pm 60 pm 77 pm 73 pm
Metallic Radius	86 pm
ionic radius	-8 pm 15 pm 16 pm
Crystal Radius	6 pm 29 pm 30 pm
Jejari van der Waals	170 pm 170 pm 389.83 pm 170 pm 204 pm 177 pm 385.1 pm
ketumpatan	2.2 g/cm³

Sifat Kimia

tenaga

proton affinity
Pertalian elektron	1.262119 eV/particle
ionization energy	11.260296 eV/particle 24.3845 eV/particle 47.88778 eV/particle 64.49358 eV/particle 392.0905 eV/particle 489.993177 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan
entalpi pelakuran
standard enthalpy of formation	716.87 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 4

Elektron valens	4 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[He] 2s² 2p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p²

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Keelektronegatifan	15.05 eV/particle 0.224776 2.55
Electrophilicity Index	1.960493365843406 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4,098.15 K
Melting Point	4,762.15 K 4,713.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point	4,762.15 K 10,300 kPa
rupa
warna	Black #c8c8c8 #909090 #555555
rupa
indeks biasan	2.417
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	1.59 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity	8.517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	0.1 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00001 m Ω
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.000014
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (DIA)
lattice constant	3.57 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	0.5 MPa
Modulus pukal	33 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	18,350 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Other nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	87
Mendeleev Number	87
Pettifor Number	95
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	11.3 ± 0.2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	46.6 a₀ 47.9 a₀
allotrope	Graphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section	0.0035
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.000015
Nombor kuantum	3P0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	14
Natural Isotopes	2

⁸C

Nombor jisim	8
nombor neutron	2
jisim atom relatif	8.037643039 ± 0.000019584 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.5 ± 1.4 zs
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1974
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

⁹C

Nombor jisim	9
nombor neutron	3
jisim atom relatif	9.031037202 ± 0.000002293 Da
g-factor	0.9276 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	126.5 ± 0.9 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1964
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.5%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	38.4%

¹⁰C

Nombor jisim	10
nombor neutron	4
jisim atom relatif	10.016853217 ± 0.000000075 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	19.3011 ± 0.0015 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1949
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹C

Nombor jisim	11
nombor neutron	5
jisim atom relatif	11.011432597 ± 0.000000064 Da
g-factor	-0.64266666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	20.3402 ± 0.0053 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.0333 ± 0.0002
tarikh penemuan	1934
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²C

Nombor jisim	12
nombor neutron	6
jisim atom relatif	12 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	98.94 ± 0.06
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1919
parity	+

¹³C

Nombor jisim	13
nombor neutron	7
jisim atom relatif	13.00335483534 ± 0.00000000025 Da
g-factor	1.404738 ± 0.000008
natural abundance	1.06 ± 0.06
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1929
parity	-

¹⁴C

Nombor jisim	14
nombor neutron	8
jisim atom relatif	14.00324198862 ± 0.00000000403 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	5.7 ± 0.03 ky
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1936
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵C

Nombor jisim	15
nombor neutron	9
jisim atom relatif	15.010599256 ± 0.000000858 Da
g-factor	3.44 ± 0.018
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.449 ± 0.005 s
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1950
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶C

Nombor jisim	16
nombor neutron	10
jisim atom relatif	16.014701255 ± 0.00000384 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	750 ± 6 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1961
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	99%

¹⁷C

Nombor jisim	17
nombor neutron	11
jisim atom relatif	17.02257865 ± 0.000018641 Da
g-factor	0.50533333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	193 ± 6 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1968
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁸C

Nombor jisim	18
nombor neutron	12
jisim atom relatif	18.02675193 ± 0.000032206 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	92 ± 2 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1969
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁹C

Nombor jisim	19
nombor neutron	13
jisim atom relatif	19.034797594 ± 0.000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	46.2 ± 2.3 ms
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1974
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	47%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7%

²⁰C

Nombor jisim	20
nombor neutron	14
jisim atom relatif	20.040261732 ± 0.000247585 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	16 ± 3 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1981
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	70%
2n (2-neutron emission)	18.6%

²¹C

Nombor jisim	21
nombor neutron	15
jisim atom relatif	21.049 ± 0.00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)

²²C

Nombor jisim	22
nombor neutron	16
jisim atom relatif	22.05755399 ± 0.000248515 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	6.2 ± 1.3 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1986
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	61%
2n (2-neutron emission)	37%

²³C

Nombor jisim	23
nombor neutron	17
jisim atom relatif	23.06889 ± 0.00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Known to the ancients
tempat penemuan
tarikh penemuan
Etimologi	Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
sebutan	KAR-ben (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	200 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	28 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	23 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	1.5 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.3 %
Abundance in Universe	0.5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3273
2	p	2.8642
2	s	2.7834

Karbon on ChemicalAid

ChEBI ID	33415
ChemSpider ID	4575370
CosIng number	95647
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID407391
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.321
English Vikidia ID	Carbon
ICSC ID	0702
ID Biblioteca Nacional de España	XX526055
ID BnF	11976417k
ID Den Store Danske	carbon
ID Encyclopædia Universalis	carbone
ID Ensiklopedia Besar Rusia dalam talian	4214872
ID Ensiklopedia Britannica Dalam Talian	science/carbon-chemical-element
ID EuroVoc	5261
ID Freebase	/m/025tfgm
ID GND	4164538-8
ID Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana	0088553
ID J9U Perpustakaan Negara Israel	987007283488605171
ID KBpedia	Carbon
ID Kamus Budaya Belanda	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/koolstof
ID NE.se	kol
ID NKCR AUT	ph158523
ID Namuwiki	탄소
ID PSH	5796
ID Perbendaharaan Kata Pendidikan Australia	scot/3180
ID Store norske leksikon	karbon
ID Tesaurus BNCF	18855
ID Treccani	carbonio
ID Vikidia Perancis	Carbone
ID WordNet 3.1 Synset	14657384-n
ID YSO	138
ID bahan DSSTox	DTXSID9027651
ID dalam talian Brockhaus Enzyklopädie	kohlenstoff
ID kewibawaan Perpustakaan Kongres	sh85020090
ID nLab	carbon
ID pemerihal MeSH	D002244
ID rencana Klexikon	Kohlenstoff
ID tesaurus Parlimen UK	8964
ID tesaurus UNESCO	concept4645
ID topik Quora	Carbon-element-1
ID topik Quora	Carbon
IUPAC Gold Book ID	C00821
InChI	InChI=1S/C
InChIKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Carbonio
KEGG ID	C06265
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/UGLEROD.html
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	113504
Maksud Tertakrif OmegaWiki	484
OpenAlex ID	C2993252241
Pengenal Pasti Arkib Negara A.S.	10638575
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143905
PubChem CID	5462310
Römpp online ID	RD-11-01491
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1106726
Spanish Vikidia ID	Carbono
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/728
USGS Thesaurus ID	1420
ZVG number	8040
kod entiti Bahasa Wolfram	Entity["Element", "Carbon"]
nombor pendaftaran CAS	7440-44-0
pengecam AAT	300264720
pengecam NDL	00572686

Karbon (C)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Carbon

8C

9C

10C

11C

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

19C

20C

21C

22C

23C

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸C

⁹C

¹⁰C

¹¹C

¹²C

¹³C

¹⁴C

¹⁵C

¹⁶C

¹⁷C

¹⁸C

¹⁹C

²⁰C

²¹C

²²C

²³C