Kaboni

Kaboni (C)

chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6; common element of all known life
Atomic Number6
Atomic Weight12.011
mass number12
Group14
Period2
Blockp
protoni6 p+
nyutroni6 n0
elektroni6 e-
Animated Bohr model of C (Kaboni)

Physical Property

Atomic Radius
70 pm
molar volume
Covalent Radius
75 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
-8 pm
Crystal Radius
6 pm
Van der Waals radius
170 pm
msongamano
2.2 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Kaboni0153045607590105120135150165180pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

nishati
proton affinity
electron affinity
1.262119 eV/particle
ionization energy
11.260296 eV/particle
ionization energy of C (Kaboni)
enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
716.87 kJ/mol
elektroni
Mzingo elektroni2, 4
Bohr model: C (Kaboni)
valence electron4
Lewis structure: C (Kaboni)
electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p2
1s2 2s2 2p2
Enhanced Bohr model of C (Kaboni)
Orbital Diagram of C (Kaboni)
oxidation number-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity
2.55
Electrophilicity Index
1.960493365843406 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
4,098.15 K
Melting Point
4,762.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Kiwango utatu
4,762.15 K
10,300 kPa
appearance
Rangi
Black
appearance
refractive index
2.417
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
1.59 W/(m K)
thermal expansion
0.0000071 1/K
molar heat capacity
8.517 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
0.709 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
0.1 MS/m
electrical resistivity
0.00001 m Ω
superconductivity
Uga sumaku
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0.0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0.0000000000745 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0.000014
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (DIA)
lattice constant
3.57 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness
0.5 MPa
bulk modulus
33 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound
18,350 m/s
classification
CategoryOther nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS GroupIVB
IUPAC GroupIVA
Glawe Number87
Mendeleev Number87
Pettifor Number95
Geochemical Classsemi-volatile
Goldschmidt classificationatmophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
11.3 ± 0.2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
46.6 a₀
allotropeGraphite, Diamond, Amorphous Carbon, Lonsdaleite, Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene
Neutron cross section
0.0035
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.000015
quantum number3P0
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Carbon

Stable Isotopes2
Unstable Isotopes14
Natural Isotopes2
Isotopic Composition1298.94%1298.94%131.06%131.06%

8C

mass number8
neutron number2
relative atomic mass
8.037643039 ± 0.000019584 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
3.5 ± 1.4 zs
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1974
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
2p (2-proton emission)100%

9C

mass number9
neutron number3
relative atomic mass
9.031037202 ± 0.000002293 Da
g-factor
0.9276 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
126.5 ± 0.9 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1964
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)7.5%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)38.4%

10C

mass number10
neutron number4
relative atomic mass
10.016853217 ± 0.000000075 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
19.3011 ± 0.0015 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1949
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

11C

mass number11
neutron number5
relative atomic mass
11.011432597 ± 0.000000064 Da
g-factor
-0.64266666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
20.3402 ± 0.0053 m
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.0333 ± 0.0002
Uvumbuzi1934
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

12C

mass number12
neutron number6
relative atomic mass
12 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
98.94 ± 0.06
Unururifustable isotope
NusumaishaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1919
parity+

13C

mass number13
neutron number7
relative atomic mass
13.00335483534 ± 0.00000000025 Da
g-factor
1.404738 ± 0.000008
natural abundance
1.06 ± 0.06
Unururifustable isotope
NusumaishaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1929
parity-

14C

mass number14
neutron number8
relative atomic mass
14.00324198862 ± 0.00000000403 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
5.7 ± 0.03 ky
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1936
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

15C

mass number15
neutron number9
relative atomic mass
15.010599256 ± 0.000000858 Da
g-factor
3.44 ± 0.018
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
2.449 ± 0.005 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1950
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

16C

mass number16
neutron number10
relative atomic mass
16.014701255 ± 0.00000384 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
750 ± 6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1961
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)99%

17C

mass number17
neutron number11
relative atomic mass
17.02257865 ± 0.000018641 Da
g-factor
0.50533333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
193 ± 6 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1968
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)28.4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

18C

mass number18
neutron number12
relative atomic mass
18.02675193 ± 0.000032206 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
92 ± 2 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1969
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)31.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

19C

mass number19
neutron number13
relative atomic mass
19.034797594 ± 0.000105625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
46.2 ± 2.3 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1974
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)47%
2n (2-neutron emission)7%

20C

mass number20
neutron number14
relative atomic mass
20.040261732 ± 0.000247585 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
16 ± 3 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1981
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)70%
2n (2-neutron emission)18.6%

21C

mass number21
neutron number15
relative atomic mass
21.049 ± 0.00064 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
n (neutron emission)

22C

mass number22
neutron number16
relative atomic mass
22.05755399 ± 0.000248515 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
6.2 ± 1.3 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1986
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)61%
2n (2-neutron emission)37%

23C

mass number23
neutron number17
relative atomic mass
23.06889 ± 0.00107 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
n (neutron emission)
Coal anthracite
Electron shell 006 Carbon

historia

mgunduzi au mvumbuziKnown to the ancients
location of discovery
Uvumbuzi
EtimolojiaLatin: carbo, (charcoal).
pronunciationKAR-ben (Kiingereza)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
200 mg/kg
natural abundance (Bahari)
28 mg/L
natural abundance (Mwili)
23 %
natural abundance (Kimondo)
1.5 %
natural abundance (Jua)
0.3 %
Abundance in Universe
0.5 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.3273
2p2.8642
2s2.7834