Cobalt (Co)

chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27

Atomic Number	27
Atomic Weight	58.933194
mass number	59

Group	9
Period	4
Block	d

proton	27 p⁺
neutron	32 n⁰
electron	27 e^-

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Atomic Radius	135 pm 233 pm
molar volume	6.7 cm³/mol
covalent radius	111 pm 103 pm 96 pm 137 pm 138 pm
Metallic Radius	116 pm 125 pm
ionic radius	58 pm 67 pm 65 pm 74.5 pm 90 pm 54.5 pm 61 pm 40 pm 53 pm
Crystal Radius	72 pm 81 pm 79 pm 88.5 pm 104 pm 68.5 pm 75 pm 54 pm 67 pm
Van der Waals radius	200 pm 200 pm 223 pm 287.2 pm
density	8.86 g/cm³ 7,750 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energy

proton affinity	742.7 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0.66225646 eV/particle
ionization energy	7.88101 eV/particle 17.0844 eV/particle 33.5 eV/particle 51.27 eV/particle 79.5 eV/particle 102 eV/particle 129 eV/particle 157.8 eV/particle 186.14 eV/particle 275.4 eV/particle 305.32 eV/particle 336.15 eV/particle 378.55 eV/particle 410 eV/particle 441.1 eV/particle 511.96 eV/particle 546.588 eV/particle 1,397.2 eV/particle 1,504.5 eV/particle 1,606 eV/particle 1,724 eV/particle 1,844 eV/particle 1,960.83 eV/particle 2,119.4 eV/particle 2,218.876 eV/particle 9,544.183 eV/particle 10,012.122 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	389.1 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	15.48 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	426.7 kJ/mol
electron

electron shell	2, 8, 15, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁷ 4s²

oxidation number	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
electronegativity	10.86 eV/particle 0.1432363 1.88
Electrophilicity Index	1.2638504937543713 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,200.15 K
Melting Point	1,768.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
color	Black #ff1493 #f090a0 #f090a0
appearance	hard lustrous gray metal
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	100 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.000013 1/K
molar heat capacity	24.81 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.421 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	17 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000006000000000002 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature	1,394 K
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	2.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	700 MPa 5 MPa 1,043 MPa
bulk modulus	180 GPa
shear modulus	75 GPa
Young's modulus	209 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.31
speed of sound	4,720 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	70
Mendeleev Number	63
Pettifor Number	64
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	719.8 kJ/mol
polarizability	55 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	408 a₀ 461 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	37.2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.021
quantum number	4F9/2
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Cobalt

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	1

⁴⁷Co

mass number	47
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	47.011401 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁴⁸Co

mass number	48
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	48.001857 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁴⁹Co

mass number	49
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	48.989501 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁰Co

mass number	50
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	49.981117 ± 0.000135 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	38.8 ± 0.2 ms
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	70.5%
2p (2-proton emission)

⁵¹Co

mass number	51
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	50.970647 ± 0.000052 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	68.8 ± 1.9 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.8%

⁵²Co

mass number	52
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	51.963130224 ± 0.000005669 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	111.7 ± 2.1 ms
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵³Co

mass number	53
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	52.954203278 ± 0.000001854 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	244.6 ± 2.8 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1970
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁴Co

mass number	54
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	53.948459075 ± 0.00000038 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	193.27 ± 0.06 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁵Co

mass number	55
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	54.941996416 ± 0.000000434 Da
g-factor	1.3777142857143 ± 0.00085714285714286
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	17.53 ± 0.03 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Co

mass number	56
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	55.939838032 ± 0.00000051 Da
g-factor	0.9625 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	77.236 ± 0.026 d
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.25 ± 0.09
time of discovery or invention	1941
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Co

mass number	57
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	56.936289819 ± 0.000000553 Da
g-factor	1.3485714285714 ± 0.0028571428571429
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	271.811 ± 0.032 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.54 ± 0.1
time of discovery or invention	1941
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁵⁸Co

mass number	58
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	57.935751292 ± 0.000001237 Da
g-factor	2.022 ± 0.004
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	70.844 ± 0.02 d
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.23 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention	1941
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	14.79%
ϵ (electron capture)	85.21%

⁵⁹Co

mass number	59
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	58.933193524 ± 0.000000426 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	100
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.42 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention	1923
parity	-

⁶⁰Co

mass number	60
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	59.933815536 ± 0.000000433 Da
g-factor	0.7598 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	5.2714 ± 0.0006 y
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.46 ± 0.06
time of discovery or invention	1941
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶¹Co

mass number	61
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	60.932476031 ± 0.000000901 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.649 ± 0.005 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1947
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶²Co

mass number	62
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	61.934058198 ± 0.00001994 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.54 ± 0.1 m
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1949
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶³Co

mass number	63
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	62.93359963 ± 0.000019941 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	26.9 ± 0.4 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1960
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Co

mass number	64
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	63.935810176 ± 0.000021476 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	300 ± 30 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁵Co

mass number	65
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	64.936462071 ± 0.000002235 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.16 ± 0.03 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1978
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Co

mass number	66
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	65.939442943 ± 0.000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	194 ± 17 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1985
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁷Co

mass number	67
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	66.940609625 ± 0.000006917 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	329 ± 28 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1985
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁸Co

mass number	68
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	67.944559401 ± 0.000004142 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	200 ± 20 ms
spin	7
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1985
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁹Co

mass number	69
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	68.945909 ± 0.000092 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	180 ± 20 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1985
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁰Co

mass number	70
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	69.9500534 ± 0.0000118 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	508 ± 7 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1998
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷¹Co

mass number	71
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	70.952366923 ± 0.00049923 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	80 ± 3 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1992
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3%

⁷²Co

mass number	72
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	71.956736 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	51.5 ± 0.3 ms
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1992
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷³Co

mass number	73
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	72.959238 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	42 ± 0.8 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁴Co

mass number	74
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	73.963993 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	31.3 ± 1.3 ms
spin	7
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	18%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁵Co

mass number	75
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	74.967192 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	26.5 ± 1.2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁶Co

mass number	76
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	75.972453 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23 ± 6 ms
spin	8
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁷Co

mass number	77
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	76.976479 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	15 ± 6 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2014
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
3n (3-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Co

mass number	78
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	77.983553 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2017
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

kōrero nehe

discoverer or inventor	George Brandt
location of discovery	Sweden
time of discovery or invention	1739
etymology	German: kobold (goblin).
pronunciation	KO-bolt (Ingarihi)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	25 mg/kg
natural abundance (Moana nui)	0.00002 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	0.000002 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0.059 %
natural abundance (Te Rā)	0.0004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6332
2	p	3.9076
2	s	7.595
3	d	15.1446
3	p	13.5654
3	s	12.6777
4	s	21.4236

Cobalt on ChemicalAid

cobalt

Cobalt (Co)

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Cobalt

47Co

48Co

49Co

50Co

51Co

52Co

53Co

54Co

55Co

56Co

57Co

58Co

59Co

60Co

61Co

62Co

63Co

64Co

65Co

66Co

67Co

68Co

69Co

70Co

71Co

72Co

73Co

74Co

75Co

76Co

77Co

78Co

kōrero nehe

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁷Co

⁴⁸Co

⁴⁹Co

⁵⁰Co

⁵¹Co

⁵²Co

⁵³Co

⁵⁴Co

⁵⁵Co

⁵⁶Co

⁵⁷Co

⁵⁸Co

⁵⁹Co

⁶⁰Co

⁶¹Co

⁶²Co

⁶³Co

⁶⁴Co

⁶⁵Co

⁶⁶Co

⁶⁷Co

⁶⁸Co

⁶⁹Co

⁷⁰Co

⁷¹Co

⁷²Co

⁷³Co

⁷⁴Co

⁷⁵Co

⁷⁶Co

⁷⁷Co

⁷⁸Co