Kobalt (Co)

chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27

Atomic Number	27
Atomic Weight	58.933194
Nombor jisim	59

Group	9
Period	4
Block	d

proton	27 p⁺
neutron	32 n⁰
Elektron	27 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	135 pm 233 pm
molar volume	6.7 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	111 pm 103 pm 96 pm 137 pm 138 pm
Metallic Radius	116 pm 125 pm
ionic radius	58 pm 67 pm 65 pm 74.5 pm 90 pm 54.5 pm 61 pm 40 pm 53 pm
Crystal Radius	72 pm 81 pm 79 pm 88.5 pm 104 pm 68.5 pm 75 pm 54 pm 67 pm
Jejari van der Waals	200 pm 200 pm 223 pm 287.2 pm
ketumpatan	8.86 g/cm³ 7,750 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

tenaga

proton affinity	742.7 kJ/mol
Pertalian elektron	0.66225646 eV/particle
ionization energy	7.88101 eV/particle 17.0844 eV/particle 33.5 eV/particle 51.27 eV/particle 79.5 eV/particle 102 eV/particle 129 eV/particle 157.8 eV/particle 186.14 eV/particle 275.4 eV/particle 305.32 eV/particle 336.15 eV/particle 378.55 eV/particle 410 eV/particle 441.1 eV/particle 511.96 eV/particle 546.588 eV/particle 1,397.2 eV/particle 1,504.5 eV/particle 1,606 eV/particle 1,724 eV/particle 1,844 eV/particle 1,960.83 eV/particle 2,119.4 eV/particle 2,218.876 eV/particle 9,544.183 eV/particle 10,012.122 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	389.1 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	15.48 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	426.7 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 15, 2

Elektron valens	2 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁷ 4s²

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Keelektronegatifan	10.86 eV/particle 0.1432363 1.88
Electrophilicity Index	1.2638504937543713 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,200.15 K
Melting Point	1,768.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna	Gray #ff1493 #f090a0 #f090a0
rupa	hard lustrous gray metal
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	100 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.000013 1/K
molar heat capacity	24.81 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.421 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	17 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000006000000000002 m Ω
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie	1,394 K
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	2.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	700 MPa 5 MPa 1,043 MPa
Modulus pukal	180 GPa
shear modulus	75 GPa
Young's modulus	209 GPa
Nisbah Poisson	0.31
Kelajuan bunyi	4,720 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	70
Mendeleev Number	63
Pettifor Number	64
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	719.8 kJ/mol
polarizability	55 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	408 a₀ 461 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	37.2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.021
Nombor kuantum	4F9/2
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Cobalt

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	1

⁴⁷Co

Nombor jisim	47
nombor neutron	20
jisim atom relatif	47.011401 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁴⁸Co

Nombor jisim	48
nombor neutron	21
jisim atom relatif	48.001857 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁴⁹Co

Nombor jisim	49
nombor neutron	22
jisim atom relatif	48.989501 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁵⁰Co

Nombor jisim	50
nombor neutron	23
jisim atom relatif	49.981117 ± 0.000135 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	38.8 ± 0.2 ms
Spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	70.5%
2p (2-proton emission)

⁵¹Co

Nombor jisim	51
nombor neutron	24
jisim atom relatif	50.970647 ± 0.000052 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	68.8 ± 1.9 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.8%

⁵²Co

Nombor jisim	52
nombor neutron	25
jisim atom relatif	51.963130224 ± 0.000005669 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	111.7 ± 2.1 ms
Spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵³Co

Nombor jisim	53
nombor neutron	26
jisim atom relatif	52.954203278 ± 0.000001854 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	244.6 ± 2.8 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1970
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁴Co

Nombor jisim	54
nombor neutron	27
jisim atom relatif	53.948459075 ± 0.00000038 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	193.27 ± 0.06 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1952
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁵Co

Nombor jisim	55
nombor neutron	28
jisim atom relatif	54.941996416 ± 0.000000434 Da
g-factor	1.3777142857143 ± 0.00085714285714286
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.53 ± 0.03 h
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1938
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Co

Nombor jisim	56
nombor neutron	29
jisim atom relatif	55.939838032 ± 0.00000051 Da
g-factor	0.9625 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	77.236 ± 0.026 d
Spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.25 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan	1941
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Co

Nombor jisim	57
nombor neutron	30
jisim atom relatif	56.936289819 ± 0.000000553 Da
g-factor	1.3485714285714 ± 0.0028571428571429
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	271.811 ± 0.032 d
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.54 ± 0.1
tarikh penemuan	1941
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁵⁸Co

Nombor jisim	58
nombor neutron	31
jisim atom relatif	57.935751292 ± 0.000001237 Da
g-factor	2.022 ± 0.004
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	70.844 ± 0.02 d
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.23 ± 0.03
tarikh penemuan	1941
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	14.79%
ϵ (electron capture)	85.21%

⁵⁹Co

Nombor jisim	59
nombor neutron	32
jisim atom relatif	58.933193524 ± 0.000000426 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	100
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.42 ± 0.03
tarikh penemuan	1923
parity	-

⁶⁰Co

Nombor jisim	60
nombor neutron	33
jisim atom relatif	59.933815536 ± 0.000000433 Da
g-factor	0.7598 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	5.2714 ± 0.0006 y
Spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.46 ± 0.06
tarikh penemuan	1941
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶¹Co

Nombor jisim	61
nombor neutron	34
jisim atom relatif	60.932476031 ± 0.000000901 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.649 ± 0.005 h
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1947
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶²Co

Nombor jisim	62
nombor neutron	35
jisim atom relatif	61.934058198 ± 0.00001994 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.54 ± 0.1 m
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1949
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶³Co

Nombor jisim	63
nombor neutron	36
jisim atom relatif	62.93359963 ± 0.000019941 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	26.9 ± 0.4 s
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Co

Nombor jisim	64
nombor neutron	37
jisim atom relatif	63.935810176 ± 0.000021476 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	300 ± 30 ms
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1969
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁵Co

Nombor jisim	65
nombor neutron	38
jisim atom relatif	64.936462071 ± 0.000002235 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.16 ± 0.03 s
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1978
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Co

Nombor jisim	66
nombor neutron	39
jisim atom relatif	65.939442943 ± 0.000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	194 ± 17 ms
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1985
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁷Co

Nombor jisim	67
nombor neutron	40
jisim atom relatif	66.940609625 ± 0.000006917 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	329 ± 28 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1985
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁸Co

Nombor jisim	68
nombor neutron	41
jisim atom relatif	67.944559401 ± 0.000004142 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	200 ± 20 ms
Spin	7
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1985
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁹Co

Nombor jisim	69
nombor neutron	42
jisim atom relatif	68.945909 ± 0.000092 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	180 ± 20 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1985
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁰Co

Nombor jisim	70
nombor neutron	43
jisim atom relatif	69.9500534 ± 0.0000118 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	508 ± 7 ms
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1998
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷¹Co

Nombor jisim	71
nombor neutron	44
jisim atom relatif	70.952366923 ± 0.00049923 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	80 ± 3 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1992
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3%

⁷²Co

Nombor jisim	72
nombor neutron	45
jisim atom relatif	71.956736 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	51.5 ± 0.3 ms
Spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1992
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	4%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷³Co

Nombor jisim	73
nombor neutron	46
jisim atom relatif	72.959238 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	42 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁴Co

Nombor jisim	74
nombor neutron	47
jisim atom relatif	73.963993 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	31.3 ± 1.3 ms
Spin	7
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	18%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁵Co

Nombor jisim	75
nombor neutron	48
jisim atom relatif	74.967192 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	26.5 ± 1.2 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁶Co

Nombor jisim	76
nombor neutron	49
jisim atom relatif	75.972453 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	23 ± 6 ms
Spin	8
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2010
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁷Co

Nombor jisim	77
nombor neutron	50
jisim atom relatif	76.976479 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	15 ± 6 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2014
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
3n (3-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Co

Nombor jisim	78
nombor neutron	51
jisim atom relatif	77.983553 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2017
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	George Brandt
tempat penemuan	Sweden
tarikh penemuan	1739
Etimologi	German: kobold (goblin).
sebutan	KO-bolt (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	25 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	0.00002 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.000002 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0.059 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.0004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6332
2	p	3.9076
2	s	7.595
3	d	15.1446
3	p	13.5654
3	s	12.6777
4	s	21.4236

Kobalt on ChemicalAid

CA PROP 65 ID	cobalt-metal-powder
CPV Supplementary	AA16
ChEBI ID	27638
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14733000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID9011040
DrugBank ID	14574
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.325
GEMET ID	1532
Golden ID	Cobalt-RGEZNX
Grove Art Online ID	T2071458
HCIS ID	1033
HSDB ID	519
ICSC ID	0782
ID AGROVOC	c_1702
ID BnF	119794179
ID CAB	105528
ID Encyclopædia Universalis	cobalt
ID Ensiklopedia Besar Rusia dalam talian	2075823
ID Ensiklopedia Britannica Dalam Talian	science/cobalt-chemical-element
ID EuroVoc	6018
ID Freebase	/m/025tkrf
ID GND	4070047-1
ID J9U Perpustakaan Negara Israel	987007284052205171
ID KBpedia	Cobalt
ID NKCR AUT	ph543047
ID PSH	5779
ID Perbendaharaan Kata Pendidikan Australia	scot/3511
ID Store norske leksikon	kobolt
ID Tesaurus BNCF	22939
ID Treccani	cobalto
ID Vikidia Perancis	Cobalt
ID WordNet 3.1 Synset	14659468-n
ID YSO	15221
ID bahan DSSTox	DTXSID1031040
ID dalam talian Brockhaus Enzyklopädie	kobalt
ID kewibawaan Perpustakaan Kongres	sh85027513
ID pemerihal MeSH	D003035
ID rencana Ensiklopedia Kanada	cobalt
ID tesaurus Parlimen UK	285732
IEDB Epitope ID	114073
InChIKey	GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	112080
Maksud Tertakrif OmegaWiki	645
NALT ID	27388
NDF-RT ID	N0000022936
OpenAlex ID	C515602321
Probes And Drugs ID	PD094484
RxNorm ID	1310300
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1010032
Spanish Vikidia ID	Cobalto
UNII	3G0H8C9362
USGS Thesaurus ID	1433
WikiSkripta ID	30617
Yle topic ID	18-14370
ZVG number	7270
nombor pendaftaran CAS	7440-48-4
pengecam AAT	300221155
pengecam NDL	00566072

Kobalt (Co)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Cobalt

47Co

48Co

49Co

50Co

51Co

52Co

53Co

54Co

55Co

56Co

57Co

58Co

59Co

60Co

61Co

62Co

63Co

64Co

65Co

66Co

67Co

68Co

69Co

70Co

71Co

72Co

73Co

74Co

75Co

76Co

77Co

78Co

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁷Co

⁴⁸Co

⁴⁹Co

⁵⁰Co

⁵¹Co

⁵²Co

⁵³Co

⁵⁴Co

⁵⁵Co

⁵⁶Co

⁵⁷Co

⁵⁸Co

⁵⁹Co

⁶⁰Co

⁶¹Co

⁶²Co

⁶³Co

⁶⁴Co

⁶⁵Co

⁶⁶Co

⁶⁷Co

⁶⁸Co

⁶⁹Co

⁷⁰Co

⁷¹Co

⁷²Co

⁷³Co

⁷⁴Co

⁷⁵Co

⁷⁶Co

⁷⁷Co

⁷⁸Co