Kobolt

Kobolt (Co)

metalliskt grundämne
Atomnummer27
Atommassa58.933194
masstal59
Grupp9
Period4
Blockd
Protoner27 p+
Neutroner32 n0
Electrons27 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Co (Kobolt)

Egenskaper

atomradie
135 pm
molvolym
6,7 cm³/mol
kovalent radie
111 pm
Metallic Radius
116 pm
ionic radius
58 pm
Crystal Radius
72 pm
Van der Waalsradie
200 pm
densitet
8,86 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
742,7 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
0,66225646 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi
7,88101 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Co (Kobolt)
ångbildningsvärme
389,1 kJ/mol
smältvärme
15,48 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
426,7 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 15, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Co (Kobolt)
valenselektron2
elektronkonfiguration[Ar] 3d7 4s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Co (Kobolt)
Orbital Diagram of Co (Kobolt)
oxidationstal-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
elektronegativitet
1.88
Electrophilicity
1,2638504937543713 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
3 200,15 K
Smältpunkt
1 768,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Grå
appearancehard lustrous gray metal
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
100 W/(m K)
termisk expansion
0,000013 1/K
molar heat capacity
24,81 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,421 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
17 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000006000000000002 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
typeferromagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
1 394 K
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant
2,51 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
5 MPa
Kompressibilitet
180 GPa
skjuvmodul
75 GPa
Young's modulus
209 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,31
ljudhastighet
4 720 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupVIIIA
IUPAC GroupVIII
Glawe Number70
Mendeleev Number63
Pettifor Number64
Geochemical Classfirst series transition metal
Goldschmidt classificationsiderophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
719,8 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
55 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
408 a₀
Allotropes
Träffyta
37,2
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,021
kvanttal4F9/2
rymdgrupp194 (P63/mmc)

Koboltisotoper

Stabila isotoper1
Instabila isotoper31
Radioactive Isotopes28

47Co

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
47,011401 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal47
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet-
47Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)%

48Co

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
48,001857 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal48
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet+
48Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)%

49Co

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
48,989501 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal49
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet-
49Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)%

50Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
49,981117 ± 0,000135 Da
masstal50
g-factor
Halveringstid
38,8 ± 0,2 ms
Spinn6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+
50Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)70.5%
2p (2-proton emission)%

51Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
50,970647 ± 0,000052 Da
masstal51
g-factor
Halveringstid
68,8 ± 1,9 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet-
51Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)3.8%

52Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
51,963130224 ± 0,000005669 Da
masstal52
g-factor
Halveringstid
111,7 ± 2,1 ms
Spinn6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+
52Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

53Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
52,954203278 ± 0,000001854 Da
masstal53
g-factor
Halveringstid
244,6 ± 2,8 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet-
53Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

54Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
53,948459075 ± 0,00000038 Da
masstal54
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
193,27 ± 0,06 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet+
54Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

55Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
54,941996416 ± 0,000000434 Da
masstal55
g-factor
1,3777142857143 ± 0,00085714285714286
Halveringstid
17,53 ± 0,03 h
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1938
Paritet-
55Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

56Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
55,939838032 ± 0,00000051 Da
masstal56
g-factor
0,9625 ± 0,0025
Halveringstid
77,236 ± 0,026 d
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,25 ± 0,09
upptäcktsdatum1941
Paritet+
56Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

57Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
56,936289819 ± 0,000000553 Da
masstal57
g-factor
1,3485714285714 ± 0,0028571428571429
Halveringstid
271,811 ± 0,032 d
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,54 ± 0,1
upptäcktsdatum1941
Paritet-
57Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

58Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
57,935751292 ± 0,000001237 Da
masstal58
g-factor
2,022 ± 0,004
Halveringstid
70,844 ± 0,02 d
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,23 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1941
Paritet+
58Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
e+ (positron emission)14.79%
ϵ (electron capture)85.21%

59Co

natural abundance
100
relative atomic mass
58,933193524 ± 0,000000426 Da
masstal59
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,42 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1923
Paritet-

60Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
59,933815536 ± 0,000000433 Da
masstal60
g-factor
0,7598 ± 0,0016
Halveringstid
5,2714 ± 0,0006 y
Spinn5
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,46 ± 0,06
upptäcktsdatum1941
Paritet+
60Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

61Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
60,932476031 ± 0,000000901 Da
masstal61
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,649 ± 0,005 h
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet-
61Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

62Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
61,934058198 ± 0,00001994 Da
masstal62
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,54 ± 0,1 m
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet
62Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

63Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
62,93359963 ± 0,000019941 Da
masstal63
g-factor
Halveringstid
26,9 ± 0,4 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet-
63Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

64Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
63,935810176 ± 0,000021476 Da
masstal64
g-factor
Halveringstid
300 ± 30 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet+
64Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

65Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
64,936462071 ± 0,000002235 Da
masstal65
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,16 ± 0,03 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1978
Paritet
65Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

66Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
65,939442943 ± 0,000015 Da
masstal66
g-factor
Halveringstid
194 ± 17 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1985
Paritet+
66Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%

67Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
66,940609625 ± 0,000006917 Da
masstal67
g-factor
Halveringstid
329 ± 28 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1985
Paritet-
67Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%

68Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
67,944559401 ± 0,000004142 Da
masstal68
g-factor
Halveringstid
200 ± 20 ms
Spinn7
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1985
Paritet-
68Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%

69Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
68,945909 ± 0,000092 Da
masstal69
g-factor
Halveringstid
180 ± 20 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1985
Paritet-
69Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%

70Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
69,9500534 ± 0,0000118 Da
masstal70
g-factor
Halveringstid
508 ± 7 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet+
70Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

71Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
70,952366923 ± 0,00049923 Da
masstal71
g-factor
Halveringstid
80 ± 3 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet-
71Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)3%

72Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
71,956736 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal72
g-factor
Halveringstid
51,5 ± 0,3 ms
Spinn6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet-
72Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)4%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

73Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
72,959238 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal73
g-factor
Halveringstid
42 ± 0,8 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet-
73Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)6%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

74Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
73,963993 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal74
g-factor
Halveringstid
31,3 ± 1,3 ms
Spinn7
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet-
74Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)18%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

75Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
74,967192 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal75
g-factor
Halveringstid
26,5 ± 1,2 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet-
75Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)16%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

76Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
75,972453 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal76
g-factor
Halveringstid
23 ± 6 ms
Spinn8
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet-
76Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

77Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
76,976479 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal77
g-factor
Halveringstid
15 ± 6 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2014
Paritet-
77Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%
3n (3-neutron emission)%

78Co

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
77,983553 ± 0,000751 Da
masstal78
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2017
Paritet
78Co Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
Kobalt electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareGeorge Brandt
fyndplatsSweden
upptäcktsdatum1739
etymologiGerman: kobold (goblin).
uttalKO-bolt (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
25 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,00002 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0,000002 %
Abundance in Meteor
0,059 %
Abundance in Sun
0,0004 %
Abundance in Universe
0,0003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.6332
2p3.9076
2s7.595
3d15.1446
3p13.5654
3s12.6777
4s21.4236
Kobolt on ChemicalAid