Atomic Number | 99 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 252 |
Mass Number | 239 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 7 |
Block | f |
Protons | 99 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 140 n0 |
Electrons | 99 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | |
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | 165 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 111.6 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 125.6 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
245 pm
|
Density | 8.84 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | 6.3676 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | 133 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Rn] 5f11 7s2 |
Oxidation States | 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity | |
Electrophilicity | |
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | 1,133.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Einsteinium is a Colorless. Es has a CPK of #ffffff, Jmol of #b31fd4, and MOLCAS GV of #b31fd4. The Appearance of Element 99 is silver-colored. | |
Color | Colorless
|
Appearance | silver-colored |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The lattice angles of Einsteinium is . | |
Crystal Structure | () |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The Glawe Number of Einsteinium is 43. The Mendeleev Number of Es is 34. The Pettifor Number of Element 99 is 38. The Goldschmidt Class of Einsteinium (Es) is synthetic. | |
Category | Actinides, Actinides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 43 |
Mendeleev Number | 34 |
Pettifor Number | 38 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | synthetic |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Einsteinium is 118 plus or minus 20 a₀. The Allotropes of Es is . The Neutron Cross Section of Element 99 is 160. The Quantum Numbers of Einsteinium (Es) is 5I15/2. The Space Group of Einsteinium is (). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 160
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | |
Quantum Numbers | 5I15/2 |
Space Group | () |
Stable Isotopes | 0 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 20 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 20 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 239 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
SF (spontaneous fission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 240 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6 ± 1.7 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 70% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 30% |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 0.16% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 241 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.8 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 242 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 17.8 ± 1.6 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 57% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 43% |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 0.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 243 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 22.1 ± 1.4 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 61% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
SF (spontaneous fission) | 1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 244 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 37 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 95% |
α (α emission) | 5% |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 0.011% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 245 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.11 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 51% |
α (α emission) | 49% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 246 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.5 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 90.1% |
α (α emission) | 9.9% |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 0.003% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 247 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.55 ± 0.26 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 93% |
α (α emission) | 7% |
SF (spontaneous fission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 248 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24 ± 3 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.25% |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 3.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 249 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 102.2 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.57% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 250 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.6 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 251 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 33 ± 1 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 99.5% |
α (α emission) | 0.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 252 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 471.7 ± 1.9 d
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 78% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 22% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 253 |
G-Factor | 1.1714285714286 ± 0.02
|
Half Life | 20.47 ± 0.03 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 6.7 ± 0.8
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
SF (spontaneous fission) | 8.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 254 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 275.7 ± 0.5 d
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | % |
β− (β− decay) | 1.74% |
SF (spontaneous fission) | 3% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 255 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 39.8 ± 1.2 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 92% |
α (α emission) | 8% |
SF (spontaneous fission) | 0.0041% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 256 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.6 h
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− SF (β−-delayed fission) | 0.002% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 257 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.7 ± 0.2 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 258 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952. It was identified by Albert Ghiorso and co-workers at the University of California, Berkeley in collaboration with the Argonne and Los Alamos National Laboratories, in the fallout from the Ivy Mike nuclear test. The new element was produced by the nuclear explosion in miniscule amounts by the addition of 15 neutrons to uranium-238. Named after Albert Einstein
Discoverers | Argonne, Los Alamos, U of Calif |
---|---|
Discovery Location | United States |
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Named in honor of the scientist Albert Einstein. |
Pronunciation | ine-STINE-i-em (English) |
Made by bombarding uranium with neutrons.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Abundance in Oceans | |
Abundance in Human Body | 0 %
|
Abundance in Meteor | 0 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0 %
|