Atomic Number | 87 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 223 |
Mass Number | 197 |
Group | 1 |
---|---|
Period | 7 |
Block | s |
Protons | 87 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 110 n0 |
Electrons | 87 e- |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.486 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 4.0727409 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | 15 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Rn] 7s1ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1 |
Oxidation States | 1 |
Electronegativity |
0.7
|
Electrophilicity Index | 0.7242688826969913 eV/particle
|
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | 294.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Francium is a Silver. Fr has a CPK of #ffffff, Jmol of #420066, and MOLCAS GV of #420066. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Francium is BCC. The lattice angles of Fr is . | |
Crystal Structure | (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Francium is IA. The IUPAC Group of Fr is IA. The Glawe Number of Element 87 is 7. The Mendeleev Number of Francium (Fr) is 6. The Pettifor Number of Francium is 7. The Geochemical Class of Fr is U/Th decay series. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 87 is synthetic. | |
Category | Alkali metals, Alkali metals |
CAS Group | IA |
IUPAC Group | IA |
Glawe Number | 7 |
Mendeleev Number | 6 |
Pettifor Number | 7 |
Geochemical Class | U/Th decay series |
Goldschmidt Class | synthetic |
The Dipole Polarizability of Francium is 317.8 plus or minus 2.4 a₀. The Allotropes of Fr is . The Quantum Numbers of Element 87 is 2S1/2. The Space Group of Francium (Fr) is ().
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | |
Neutron Mass Absorption | |
Quantum Numbers | 2S1/2 |
Space Group | () |
Stable Isotopes | 0 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 37 |
Natural Isotopes | 0 |
Mass Number | 197 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 110 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.3 ± 1.9 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 198 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 111 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 15 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 199 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 112 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6.6 ± 2.2 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 200 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 113 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 47.5 ± 2.8 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) |
Mass Number | 201 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 114 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 62.8 ± 1.9 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 202 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 115 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.3 ± 0.016666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 372 ± 12 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 203 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 116 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.83111111111111 ± 0.0088888888888889
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 550 ± 10 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.47 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 204 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 117 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.33 ± 0.01
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.75 ± 0.26 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.141 ± 0.009
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 96% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 205 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 118 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.84444444444444 ± 0.0066666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.9 ± 0.07 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.305 ± 0.018
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 98.5% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 1.5% |
Mass Number | 206 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 119 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.3233333333333 ± 0.016666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.354 ± 0.009
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 88.4% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 11.6% |
Mass Number | 207 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 120 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.86 ± 0.0088888888888889
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 14.8 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.24 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 95% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 208 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 121 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.67285714285714 ± 0.0057142857142857
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 59.1 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.052 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 89% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 11% |
Mass Number | 209 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 122 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.87333333333333 ± 0.011111111111111
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 50.5 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.26 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 89% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 11% |
Mass Number | 210 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 123 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.73 ± 0.0083333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.18 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.21 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 71% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 211 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 124 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.88222222222222 ± 0.011111111111111
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.1 ± 0.02 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.21 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 87% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 13% |
Mass Number | 212 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 125 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.918 ± 0.01
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 20 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.1 ± 0.002
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 57% |
α (α emission) | 43% |
Mass Number | 213 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 126 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.88666666666667 ± 0.0022222222222222
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 34.14 ± 0.06 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.138 ± 0.003
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 99.44% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.56% |
Mass Number | 214 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 127 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.241 ± 0.016
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.51 ± 0.13 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 215 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 128 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 90 ± 4 ns
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 216 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 129 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 700 ± 20 ns
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 217 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 130 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22 ± 5 us
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 218 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 131 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.4 ± 0.5 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 219 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 132 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22.5 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.19 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 220 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 133 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.66 ± 0.01
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 27.4 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.487 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | 0.35% |
Mass Number | 221 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 134 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.628 ± 0.008
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4.801 ± 0.005 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.02 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | 0.0048% |
14C | 8.8% |
Mass Number | 222 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 135 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.315 ± 0.005
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 14.2 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.51 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 223 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 136 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.77333333333333 ± 0.0066666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.18 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.006% |
Mass Number | 224 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 137 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.4 ± 0.01
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.33 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.523 ± 0.009
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 225 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 138 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.70666666666667 ± 0.0066666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.95 ± 0.14 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.33 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 226 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 139 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.0712 ± 0.0014
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 48.5 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.37 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 227 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 140 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.98 ± 0.04
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.47 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 228 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 141 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.38 ± 0.005
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 38 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.41 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 229 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 142 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 50.2 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 230 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 143 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 19.1 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 231 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 144 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 17.6 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 232 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 145 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.5 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− SF (β−-delayed fission) |
Mass Number | 233 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 146 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 900 ± 100 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, France. It was discovered when she was researching the radioactive decay of actinium-227. Marguerite Perey discovered that francium-223 is made naturally when actinium-227 emits an alpha-particle. Francium was named after France
Discoverers | Marguerite Derey |
---|---|
Discovery Location | France |
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Named for France, the nation of its discovery. |
Pronunciation | FRAN-si-em (English) |
Formed by decay of actinium. Chemical properties similar to cesium. Decays to radium or astatine.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0 %
|
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | |
Natural Abundance (Sun) | |
Abundance in Universe | 0 %
|