Atomic Number | 88 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 226 |
Mass Number | 201 |
Group | 2 |
---|---|
Period | 7 |
Block | s |
Protons | 88 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 113 n0 |
Electrons | 88 e- |
Atomic Radius | 215 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 45 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 201 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 148 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 162 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
283 pm
|
Density | 5 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.1 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.278424 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 113 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 9.6 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 159 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Rn] 7s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 |
Oxidation States | 2 |
Electronegativity |
0.9
|
Electrophilicity Index | 0.6982685447294388 eV/particle
|
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | 969.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Radium is a Silver. Ra has a CPK of #ffffff, Jmol of #007d00, and MOLCAS GV of #007d00. The Appearance of Element 88 is silvery white metallic. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.000001 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The lattice angles of Radium are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic () |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Radium is IIA. The IUPAC Group of Ra is IIA. The Glawe Number of Element 88 is 13. The Mendeleev Number of Radium (Ra) is 10. The Pettifor Number of Radium is 13. The Geochemical Class of Ra is U/Th decay series. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 88 is litophile. | |
Category | Alkaline earth metals, Alkaline earth metals |
CAS Group | IIA |
IUPAC Group | IIA |
Glawe Number | 13 |
Mendeleev Number | 10 |
Pettifor Number | 13 |
Geochemical Class | U/Th decay series |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
The Dipole Polarizability of Radium is 246 plus or minus 4 a₀. The Allotropes of Ra is . The Neutron Cross Section of Element 88 is 13. The Quantum Numbers of Radium (Ra) is 1S0. The Space Group of Radium is 229 (Im_3m).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 13
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | |
Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 0 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 35 |
Natural Isotopes | 0 |
Mass Number | 201 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 113 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 20 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 202 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 114 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4.1 ± 1.1 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 203 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 115 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 36 ± 13 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 204 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 116 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 60 ± 9 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 205 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 117 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 220 ± 50 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 206 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 118 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 240 ± 20 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 207 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 119 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.38 ± 0.18 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 86% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 208 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 120 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.11 ± 0.045 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 87% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 209 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 121 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.3444 ± 0.0052
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4.71 ± 0.08 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.39 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 210 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 122 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 211 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 123 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.3496 ± 0.0016
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 12.6 ± 1.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.46 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 212 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 124 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 13 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 213 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 125 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.22 ± 0.004
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.73 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 87% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 13% |
Mass Number | 214 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 126 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.437 ± 0.016 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 99.941% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.059% |
Mass Number | 215 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 127 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.669 ± 0.009 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 216 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 128 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 172 ± 7 ns
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 1% |
Mass Number | 217 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 129 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.95 ± 0.12 us
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 218 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 130 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 25.91 ± 0.14 us
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 219 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 131 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 9 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 220 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 132 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 18.1 ± 1.2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 221 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 133 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.0716 ± 0.00068
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 25 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.92 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 1.2% |
Mass Number | 222 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 134 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 33.6 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 3% |
Mass Number | 223 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 135 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.17946666666667 ± 0.00053333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 11.4352 ± 0.001 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.22 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1905 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 8.9% |
Mass Number | 224 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 136 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.6316 ± 0.0014 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1902 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 4% |
Mass Number | 225 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 137 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -1.46 ± 0.004
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 14.82 ± 0.19 d
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 226 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 138 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.6 ± 0.007 ky
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1898 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 2.6% |
2β− (double β− decay) |
Mass Number | 227 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 139 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.26733333333333 ± 0.00073333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 42.2 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.53 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 228 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 140 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.75 ± 0.03 y
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1907 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 229 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 141 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.19968 ± 0.00056
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.99 ± 0.12
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 230 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 142 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 93 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 231 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 143 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.14216 ± 0.00044
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 104 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 232 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 144 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 233 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 145 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 30 ± 5 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 234 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 146 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 30 ± 10 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− SF (β−-delayed fission) |
Radium was discovered by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898. They extracted the radium compound from a uraninite sample. Radium was isolated in its metallic state by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne in 1910 through the electrolysis of radium chloride by using a mercury cathode and distilling in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. From the Latin word radius meaning ray
Discoverers | Pierre and Marie Curie |
---|---|
Discovery Location | France |
Discovery Year | 1898 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: radius (ray). |
Pronunciation | RAY-di-em (English) |