Atomnummer | 32 |
---|---|
Atommassa | 72.63 |
masstal | 74 |
Grupp | 14 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | p |
Protoner | 32 p+ |
---|---|
Neutroner | 42 n0 |
Electrons | 32 e- |
atomradie | 125 pm
|
---|---|
molvolym | 13,6 cm³/mol
|
kovalent radie | 121 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 124 pm
|
ionic radius | 73 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 87 pm
|
Van der Waalsradie | 211 pm
|
densitet | 5,3234 g/cm³
|
energi | |
proton affinity | |
Elektronaffinitet | 1,232712 eV/particle
|
joniseringsenergi | 7,899435 eV/particle
|
ångbildningsvärme | 328 kJ/mol
|
smältvärme | 36,8 kJ/mol
|
Bildningsentalpi | 372 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
electron shell | 2, 8, 18, 4 |
valenselektron | 4 |
elektronkonfiguration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
oxidationstal | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
elektronegativitet | 2.01
|
Electrophilicity | 1,5636638275958255 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
aggregationstillstånd | Fast |
Gas Phase | |
Kokpunkt | 3 106,15 K
|
Smältpunkt | 1 211,4 K
|
critical pressure | |
critical temperature | 9 802,15 K
|
trippelpunkt | |
Visual | |
färg | Grå
|
appearance | grayish-white |
Brytningsindex | |
materialegenskap | |
Värmeledningsförmåga | 60,2 W/(m K)
|
termisk expansion | 0,000006 1/K
|
molar heat capacity | 23,222 J/(mol K)
|
Specifik värmekapacitet | 0,32 J/(g⋅K)
|
heat capacity ratio | |
electrical properties | |
type | Semiconductor |
elektrisk konduktivitet | 0,002 MS/m
|
resistivitet | 0,0005 m Ω
|
supraledare | |
magnetism | |
type | diamagnetic |
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass) | −0,0000000015 m³/Kg
|
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar) | −0,000000000109 m³/mol
|
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume) | −0,00000798
|
magnetic ordering | |
Curiepunkten | |
Néel temperature | |
Structure | |
Kristallstruktur | Ytcentrerat kubiskt (DIA) |
Gitterkonstant | 5,66 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
mekanisk materialegenskap | |
hårdhet |
6 MPa
|
Kompressibilitet | |
skjuvmodul | |
Young's modulus | |
Poissons konstant | |
ljudhastighet | 5 400 m/s
|
klassificering | |
Kategori | Metalloid, Metalloids |
CAS Group | IVB |
IUPAC Group | IVA |
Glawe Number | 84 |
Mendeleev Number | 89 |
Pettifor Number | 84 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt classification | chalcophile |
övrigt | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 354 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Träffyta | 2,2
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0,0011
|
kvanttal | 3P0 |
rymdgrupp | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Stabila isotoper | 5 |
---|---|
Instabila isotoper | 28 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 28 |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 58 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
2p (2-proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 59 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 13,3 ± 1,7 ms
|
Spinn | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 2015 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 93% |
2p (2-proton emission) | 0.2% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 60 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 21 ± 6 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 2005 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 100% |
2p (2-proton emission) | 14% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 61 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 40,7 ± 0,4 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1987 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 87% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 62 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 82,5 ± 1,4 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1991 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 63 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 153,6 ± 1,1 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1991 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 64 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 63,7 ± 2,5 s
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 65 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 30,9 ± 0,5 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.011% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 66 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 2,26 ± 0,05 h
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1950 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 67 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 18,9 ± 0,3 m
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1950 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 68 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 271,05 ± 0,08 d
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1948 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 69 |
g-factor | 0,294 ± 0,0028
|
Halveringstid | 39,05 ± 0,1 h
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,114 ± 0,007
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1938 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | 20,52 ± 0,19
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 70 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1923 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 71 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 11,43 ± 0,03 d
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1941 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
natural abundance | 27,45 ± 0,15
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 72 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1923 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | 7,76 ± 0,08
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 73 |
g-factor | −0,19516444444444 ± 0,000011111111111111
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 9/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | −0,196 ± 0,001
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1933 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | 36,52 ± 0,12
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 74 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1923 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 75 |
g-factor | 1,018 ± 0,01
|
Halveringstid | 82,78 ± 0,04 m
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1939 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 7,75 ± 0,12
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 76 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 1,88 ± 0,08 Zy
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1933 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 77 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 11,211 ± 0,003 h
|
Spinn | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1939 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 78 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 88 ± 1 m
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1953 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 79 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 18,98 ± 0,03 s
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1970 |
Paritet |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 80 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 29,5 ± 0,4 s
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 81 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 9 ± 2 s
|
Spinn | 9/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 82 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 4,31 ± 0,19 s
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 83 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 1,85 ± 0,06 s
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 84 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 951 ± 9 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 10.6% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 85 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 495 ± 5 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1991 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 17.2% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 86 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 221,6 ± 11 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1994 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 45% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 87 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 103 ± 4 ms
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1997 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 88 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 61 ± 6 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1997 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 89 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1997 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 90 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 2010 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
upptäckare eller uppfinnare | Clemens Winkler |
---|---|
fyndplats | Germany |
upptäcktsdatum | 1886 |
etymologi | Latin: Germania (Germany). |
uttal | jer-MAY-ni-em (engelska) |
1 | s | 0.7063 |
2 | p | 3.9178 |
2 | s | 8.6352 |
3 | d | 15.7487 |
3 | p | 14.9864 |
3 | s | 14.2103 |
4 | p | 25.2196 |
4 | s | 23.9564 |