Atomic Number | 91 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 231.03588 |
Mass Number | 231 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 7 |
Block | f |
Protons | 91 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 140 n0 |
Electrons | 91 e- |
Atomic Radius | 180 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 15 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 169 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 104 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 118 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
243 pm
|
Density | 15.4 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | 5.89 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 481.2 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 16.7 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 563 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 5f2 6d1 7s2 |
Oxidation States | 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity |
1.5
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | 1,845.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Protactinium is a Silver. Pa has a CPK of #ffffff, Jmol of #00a1ff, and MOLCAS GV of #00a1ff. The Appearance of Element 91 is bright, silvery metallic luster. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | bright, silvery metallic luster |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 5.6 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000018 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 1.41 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000325 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000007509 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0004995
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Protactinium is TET. The lattice constant of Pa is 3.92 Å. The lattice angles of Element 91 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Centered Tetragonal (TET) |
Lattice Constant | 3.92 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The Glawe Number of Protactinium is 35. The Mendeleev Number of Pa is 18. The Pettifor Number of Element 91 is 46. The Geochemical Class of Protactinium (Pa) is U/Th decay series. The Goldschmidt Class of Protactinium is litophile. | |
Category | Actinides, Actinides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 35 |
Mendeleev Number | 18 |
Pettifor Number | 46 |
Geochemical Class | U/Th decay series |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
The Dipole Polarizability of Protactinium is 154 plus or minus 20 a₀. The Allotropes of Pa is . The Neutron Cross Section of Element 91 is 200. The Quantum Numbers of Protactinium (Pa) is 4K11/2. The Space Group of Protactinium is 139 (I4/mmm).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 200
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | |
Quantum Numbers | 4K11/2 |
Space Group | 139 (I4/mmm) |
Stable Isotopes | 0 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 31 |
Natural Isotopes | 1 |
Mass Number | 211 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 120 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2006 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 212 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 121 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.8 ± 1.9 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 213 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 122 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 7.4 ± 2.4 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 214 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 123 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 17 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 215 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 124 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 14 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 216 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 125 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 105 ± 12 ms
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 217 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 126 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.8 ± 0.2 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) |
Mass Number | 218 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 127 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 108 ± 5 us
|
Spin | 8 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 219 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 128 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 56 ± 9 ns
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 220 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 129 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 0.85 ± 0.06 us
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 221 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 130 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.9 ± 1.7 us
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 222 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 131 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.8 ± 0.2 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 223 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 132 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.3 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 224 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 133 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 844 ± 19 ms
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 225 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 134 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.71 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 226 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 135 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.8 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 74% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 26% |
Mass Number | 227 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 136 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 38.3 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 85% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 15% |
Mass Number | 228 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 137 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.1666666666667 ± 0.16666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22 ± 1 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 98.15% |
α (α emission) | 1.85% |
Mass Number | 229 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 138 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.55 ± 0.04 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 99.51% |
α (α emission) | 0.49% |
Mass Number | 230 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 139 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1 ± 0.1
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 17.4 ± 0.5 d
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 92.2% |
β− (β− decay) | 7.8% |
α (α emission) | 0.0032% |
Mass Number | 231 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 140 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.3266666666667 ± 0.013333333333333
|
Abundance | 100
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 32.65 ± 0.2 ky
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.72 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1918 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
SF (spontaneous fission) | 3% |
24Ne (heavy cluster emission) | 13.4% |
23F | 9.9% |
Mass Number | 232 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 141 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.32 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) |
Mass Number | 233 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 142 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 2.6666666666667 ± 0.46666666666667
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 26.975 ± 0.013 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -3 ± 0.4
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 234 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 143 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6.7 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1913 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 235 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 144 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 24.4 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 236 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 145 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 9.1 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− SF (β−-delayed fission) | 6% |
Mass Number | 237 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 146 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 238 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 147 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.28 ± 0.09 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− SF (β−-delayed fission) | 2.6% |
Mass Number | 239 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 148 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.8 ± 0.5 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 240 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 149 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) |
In 1900, William Crookes isolated protactinium as an intensely radioactive material from uranium Protactinium was first identified in 1913 by Kasimir Fajans and Oswald Helmuth Göhring in Germany. A more stable isotope of protactinium was discovered in 1917 by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin. From the Greek protos meaning first
Discoverers | Fredrich Soddy, John Cranston, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner |
---|---|
Discovery Location | England/France |
Discovery Year | 1917 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: proto and actinium (parent of actinium); it forms actinium when it radioactively decays. |
Pronunciation | PRO-tak-tin-eh-em (English) |