Thorium (Th)

Thorium is the 90th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Th and atomic number of 90. It has an atomic weight of (232.0377) and a mass number of 232. Thorium has ninety protons and one hundred forty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and ninety electrons in seven shells. It is located in group Actinides, period seven and block f of the periodic table. Grey radioactive metallic element. Belongs to actinoids. Found in monazite sand in Brazil, India and the US. Thorium-232 has a half-life of 1.39x10^10 years. Can be used as a nuclear fuel for breeder reactors. Thorium-232 captures slow Neutrons and breeds uranium-233. Discovered by Jons J. Berzelius in 1829.

Atomic Number	90
Atomic Weight	232.0377
Mass Number	232

Group
Period	7
Block	f

Protons	90 p⁺
Neutrons	142 n⁰
Electrons	90 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	180 pm 288 pm
Molar Volume	19.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	175 pm 143 pm 136 pm 206 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	94 pm 105 pm 109 pm 113 pm 118 pm 121 pm 120.9 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 119 pm 123 pm 127 pm 132 pm 135 pm 134.9 pm
Van der Waals Radius	240 pm 245 pm 274 pm 339.6 pm
Density	11.7 g/cm³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	6.3067 eV/particle 11.9 eV/particle 18.32 eV/particle 28.648 eV/particle 58 eV/particle 69.1 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 133 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 181 eV/particle 262 eV/particle 285 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 336 eV/particle 362 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 424 eV/particle 451 eV/particle 480 eV/particle 508 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 830 eV/particle 900 eV/particle 970 eV/particle 1,010 eV/particle 1,090 eV/particle 1,160 eV/particle 1,240 eV/particle 1,310 eV/particle 1,380 eV/particle 1,460 eV/particle 1,530 eV/particle 1,600 eV/particle 1,680 eV/particle 1,760 eV/particle 1,830 eV/particle 1,910 eV/particle 2,000 eV/particle 2,060 eV/particle 2,390 eV/particle 2,455 eV/particle 2,524 eV/particle 2,598 eV/particle 2,669 eV/particle 2,737 eV/particle 2,860 eV/particle 2,935 eV/particle 3,013 eV/particle 3,086 eV/particle 3,375 eV/particle 3,445 eV/particle 3,522 eV/particle 3,593 eV/particle 3,943 eV/particle 4,025 eV/particle 4,230 eV/particle 4,313 eV/particle 6,972 eV/particle 7,130 eV/particle 7,299 eV/particle 7,480 eV/particle 7,650 eV/particle 7,820 eV/particle 8,180 eV/particle 8,350 eV/particle 8,550 eV/particle 8,720 eV/particle 9,220 eV/particle 9,370 eV/particle 9,540 eV/particle 9,690 eV/particle 10,790 eV/particle 10,970 eV/particle 11,340 eV/particle 11,510 eV/particle 24,060 eV/particle 24,480 eV/particle 24,940 eV/particle 25,360 eV/particle 29,410 eV/particle 29,970 eV/particle 30,680 eV/particle 31,122.8 eV/particle 123,086.4 eV/particle 125,253.4 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	513.7 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	16.11 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	602 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Rn] 6d² 7s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 6d² 7s²

Oxidation States	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	0.10277 1.3
Electrophilicity Index
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	5,058.15 K
Melting Point	2,023.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Thorium is a Silver. Th has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #00baff, and MOLCAS GV of #00baff. The Appearance of Element 90 is silvery, often with black tarnish.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #00baff #00baff
Appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion	0.000011 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.32 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.118 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	6.7 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000015 m Ω
Superconducting Point	1.38 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000072 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.0000000017 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.000084
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Thorium is FCC. The lattice constant of Th is 5.08 Å. The lattice angles of Element 90 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	5.08 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Thorium has a Brinell of 400 MPa, Mohs hardness of 3 MPa, and Vickers of 350 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Th is 54 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 90 is 31 GPa. The Young Modulus of Thorium (Th) is 79 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Thorium is 0.27. The Speed of Sound of Th is 2490 m/s.
Hardness	400 MPa 3 MPa 350 MPa
Bulk Modulus	54 GPa
Shear Modulus	31 GPa
Young's Modulus	79 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.27
Speed of Sound	2,490 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Thorium is 34. The Mendeleev Number of Th is 16. The Pettifor Number of Element 90 is 47. The Geochemical Class of Thorium (Th) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Thorium is litophile.
Category	Actinides, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	34
Mendeleev Number	16
Pettifor Number	47
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Thorium is 217 plus or minus 54 a₀. The Allotropes of Th is . The Neutron Cross Section of Element 90 is 7.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Thorium (Th) is 0.001. The Quantum Numbers of Thorium is 3F2. The Space Group of Th is 225 (Fm_3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	217 ± 54 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	7.4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.001
Quantum Numbers	3F2
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Thorium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	32
Natural Isotopes	2

²⁰⁸Th

Mass Number	208
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	208.017915348 ± 0.000034208 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.4 ± 1.2 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²⁰⁹Th

Mass Number	209
Neutron Number	119
Relative Atomic Mass	209.017601 ± 0.000111 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁰Th

Mass Number	210
Neutron Number	120
Relative Atomic Mass	210.015093515 ± 0.000020299 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	16 ± 3.6 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1995
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹¹Th

Mass Number	211
Neutron Number	121
Relative Atomic Mass	211.014896923 ± 0.000092399 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	48 ± 20 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹²Th

Mass Number	212
Neutron Number	122
Relative Atomic Mass	212.01300157 ± 0.000010852 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	31.7 ± 1.3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹³Th

Mass Number	213
Neutron Number	123
Relative Atomic Mass	213.01301147 ± 0.000009895 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	144 ± 21 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁴Th

Mass Number	214
Neutron Number	124
Relative Atomic Mass	214.01148148 ± 0.000011445 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	87 ± 10 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁵Th

Mass Number	215
Neutron Number	125
Relative Atomic Mass	215.01172464 ± 0.0000068 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.35 ± 0.14 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁶Th

Mass Number	216
Neutron Number	126
Relative Atomic Mass	216.011055933 ± 0.00001192 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	26.28 ± 0.16 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁷Th

Mass Number	217
Neutron Number	127
Relative Atomic Mass	217.013103443 ± 0.000011394 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	248 ± 4 us
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁸Th

Mass Number	218
Neutron Number	128
Relative Atomic Mass	218.013276248 ± 0.000011289 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	122 ± 5 ns
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁹Th

Mass Number	219
Neutron Number	129
Relative Atomic Mass	219.015526432 ± 0.000060611 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.023 ± 0.018 us
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²²⁰Th

Mass Number	220
Neutron Number	130
Relative Atomic Mass	220.015769866 ± 0.000014693 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.2 ± 0.3 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²¹Th

Mass Number	221
Neutron Number	131
Relative Atomic Mass	221.018185757 ± 0.000008582 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.75 ± 0.02 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²²Th

Mass Number	222
Neutron Number	132
Relative Atomic Mass	222.01846822 ± 0.000010966 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.24 ± 0.03 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²³Th

Mass Number	223
Neutron Number	133
Relative Atomic Mass	223.020811083 ± 0.000008527 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	600 ± 20 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1952
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁴Th

Mass Number	224
Neutron Number	134
Relative Atomic Mass	224.021466137 ± 0.00001031 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.04 ± 0.02 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

²²⁵Th

Mass Number	225
Neutron Number	135
Relative Atomic Mass	225.023950975 ± 0.000005467 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.75 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	90%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²⁶Th

Mass Number	226
Neutron Number	136
Relative Atomic Mass	226.024903699 ± 0.00000481 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30.7 ± 0.03 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
18O	3.2%

²²⁷Th

Mass Number	227
Neutron Number	137
Relative Atomic Mass	227.027702546 ± 0.000002241 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.693 ± 0.004 d
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1906
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁸Th

Mass Number	228
Neutron Number	138
Relative Atomic Mass	228.028739741 ± 0.000001938 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.9125 ± 0.0007 y
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
20O	1.13%

²²⁹Th

Mass Number	229
Neutron Number	139
Relative Atomic Mass	229.031761357 ± 0.000002581 Da
G-Factor	0.184 ± 0.016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.916 ± 0.017 ky
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.11 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²³⁰Th

Mass Number	230
Neutron Number	140
Relative Atomic Mass	230.033132267 ± 0.000001297 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.02 ± 0.02
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	75.4 ± 0.3 ky
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1907
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)	5.8%

²³¹Th

Mass Number	231
Neutron Number	141
Relative Atomic Mass	231.036302764 ± 0.000001306 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	25.52 ± 0.01 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1911
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³²Th

Mass Number	232
Neutron Number	142
Relative Atomic Mass	232.038053606 ± 0.000001525 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	99.98 ± 0.02
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	14 ± 0.1 Gy
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1898
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.1%
26Ne	2.78%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

²³³Th

Mass Number	233
Neutron Number	143
Relative Atomic Mass	233.041580126 ± 0.000001528 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	21.83 ± 0.04 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁴Th

Mass Number	234
Neutron Number	144
Relative Atomic Mass	234.043599801 ± 0.000002779 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	24.107 ± 0.024 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1900
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)

²³⁵Th

Mass Number	235
Neutron Number	145
Relative Atomic Mass	235.047255 ± 0.000014 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.2 ± 0.1 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁶Th

Mass Number	236
Neutron Number	146
Relative Atomic Mass	236.049657 ± 0.000015 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	37.3 ± 1.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁷Th

Mass Number	237
Neutron Number	147
Relative Atomic Mass	237.053629 ± 0.000017 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.8 ± 0.5 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁸Th

Mass Number	238
Neutron Number	148
Relative Atomic Mass	238.056388 ± 0.000304 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.4 ± 2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁹Th

Mass Number	239
Neutron Number	149
Relative Atomic Mass	239.060655 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

History

Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden. Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt. The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium. Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war

Discoverers	Jöns Berzelius
Discovery Location	Sweden
Discovery Year	1828
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
Pronunciation	THOR-i-em (English)

Thorium is highly radioactive

Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India

Uses

Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs. It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability. Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines. Used in making strong alloys. Also in ultraviolet photoelectric cells. It is a common ingredient in high-quality lenses. Bombarded with neutrons make uranium-233, a nuclear fuel.

Sources

Found in various minerals like monazite and thorite.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	9.6 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.000001 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)	0 %
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.0000039 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.00000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Also Known As

Th
element 90
90Th

Translations

Frenchthorium
Russianторий
Spanishtorio
GermanThorium
Italiantorio
Dutchthorium
Amharicቶሪየም
Arabicثوريوم
AzerbaijaniTorium
BelarusianТорый
Bulgarianторий
Banglaথোরিয়াম
Bosniantorij
Catalantori
CorsicanToriu
Czechthorium
ChuvashТори
WelshThoriwm
Danishthorium
Greekθόριο
Esperantotorio
Estoniantoorium
Basquetorio
Persianتوریم
Finnishtorium
FriulianTori
IrishTóiriam
GalicianTorio
ManxThorium
Hakka Chinesethorium
Hebrewתוריום
Hindiथोरियम
Fiji HindiThorium
Croatiantorij
Haitian CreoleToryòm
Hungariantórium
Armenianթորիում
Interlinguathorium
Indonesiantorium
Idotorio
Japaneseトリウム
Lojbanlidycevjinme
KazakhТорий
Korean토륨
KomiТорий
Latinthorium
LuxembourgishThorium
LigurianTorio
Lithuaniantoris
Latviantorijs
Malayalamതോറിയം
Mongolianтори
Marathiथोरियम
Western MariТорий
MalayTorium
Burmeseသိုရီယမ်
Low GermanThorium
Nepaliथोरियम
Newariथोरियम
Norwegian Nynorskthorium
Polishtor
Western Panjabiتھوریم
Portuguesetório
QuechuaThoryu
Romaniantoriu
YakutТориум
Siciliantoriu
Serbo-CroatianTorijum
Slovaktórium
Sloveniantorij
Serbianторијум
Saterland FrisianThorium
Swedishtorium
Tamilதோரியம்
Thaiทอเรียม
Turkishtoryum
Uyghurتورىي
Ukrainianторій
Urduthorium
VepsTorii
Vietnamesethori
WarayToryo
KalmykТориум
YorubaTóríọ̀m
Chinese钍
German (Switzerland)Thorium
English (Canada)Thorium
English (United Kingdom)thorium
Portuguese (Brazil)tório
Cantonese釷
CebuanoToryo
Central Kurdishتۆریۆم
Macedonianториум
Norwegian Bokmålthorium
Georgianთორიუმი
Icelandicþórín
BretonToriom
Odiaଥୋରିଅମ
Gujaratiથોરીયમ
Occitanthorium
Tatarторий
PiedmonteseTòrio
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Тор
AlbanianToriumi
Chinese (China)钍
Chinese (Simplified)钍
Chinese (Traditional)釷
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)釷
Chinese (Taiwan)釷
AromanianToriu
UzbekToriy
KyrgyzТорий
LimburgishThorium
FaroeseThorium
Sanskritथोरियम
Chinese (Macao SAR China)釷
Chinese (Malaysia)钍
Chinese (Singapore)钍
Maltesetorju
LombardTorio
Scottish GaelicTorium
Paliथोरियम
Teluguథోరియం
cdoThorium
Min Nan ChineseThorium
AsturianTorio
AfrikaansTorium
Bhojpuriथोरियम
Tibetanཐོ་རིམ།
Literary Chinese釷
Sinhalaතෝරියම්
TagalogToryo
kbpTɔrɩyɔm
Lingua Franca Novatorio
Wu Chinese钍
oloTorii
Northern FrisianToorium
TajikТорий
Kannadaಥೋರಿಯಮ್
SardinianTòriu
SwahiliThori
Moroccan Arabicطوريوم
Egyptian Arabicثوريوم
Pashtoتوريوم
CornishThoriom
BalineseThorium
BikolToryo

Thorium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300379770
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3585
BNCF Thesaurus ID	37628
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11977429t
CAB ID	7540
CAS Registry Number	7440-29-1
ChEBI ID	33385
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6029759
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID6049800
Den Store Danske ID	thorium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.308
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/thorium
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	topic/helium-uranium-thorium-dating
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	thorium
Freebase ID	/m/025sk62
GND ID	4185331-3
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0239406
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0146927
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4198022
HSDB ID	864
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0029215
ICSC ID	0337
InChI	InChI=1S/Th
InChIKey	ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Thorium
KEGG ID	C19157
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/TORI.html
LEM ID	LEM201013005
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85134957
MeSH descriptor ID	D013910
NDL Authority ID	00573342
NKCR AUT ID	ph543054
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007534013905171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	365213
OpenAlex ID	C527038400
PSH ID	5764
PubChem CID	23960
Quora topic ID	Thorium
RxNorm ID	1534769
Römpp online ID	RD-20-01588
Store medisinske leksikon ID	thorium
Store norske leksikon ID	thorium
Treccani ID	torio
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/5019
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	430967
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept14024
UNII	60YU5MIG9W
USGS Thesaurus ID	1593
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14682288-n
YSO ID	21744

Thorium (Th)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Thorium

208Th

209Th

210Th

211Th

212Th

213Th

214Th

215Th

216Th

217Th

218Th

219Th

220Th

221Th

222Th

223Th

224Th

225Th

226Th

227Th

228Th

229Th

230Th

231Th

232Th

233Th

234Th

235Th

236Th

237Th

238Th

239Th