Skandium (Sc)

chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21

Atomic Number	21
Atomic Weight	44.955908
Massagetal	45

Group	3
Period	4
Block	d

proton	21 p⁺
neutron	24 n⁰
elektron	21 e^-

Physical Property

Atoomradius	160 pm 263 pm
molar volume	15 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	148 pm 116 pm 114 pm 170 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 162 pm
Ioonradius	74,5 pm 87 pm
Crystal Radius	88,5 pm 101 pm
Van der Waals radius	230 pm 215 pm 261 pm 329,5 pm
density	2,99 g/cm³ 2 800 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energie

proton affinity	914 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0,188 eV/particle
ionization energy	6,56149 eV/particle 12,79977 eV/particle 24,756838 eV/particle 73,4894 eV/particle 91,949 eV/particle 110,68 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 158,1 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 225,18 eV/particle 249,798 eV/particle 687,36 eV/particle 757,7 eV/particle 833 eV/particle 926,48 eV/particle 1 008,62 eV/particle 1 093,48 eV/particle 1 213,1 eV/particle 1 287,956 eV/particle 5 674,9034 eV/particle 6 033,754 eV/particle

Verdampingswarmte	332,7 kJ/mol
smeltingswarmte	15,8 kJ/mol
Vormingsentalpie	377,8 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskil	2, 8, 9, 2

Valenselektrone	2 ⓘ

elektronkonfigurasie	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²

Oksidasietoestand	0, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegatiwiteit	7,042 eV/particle 0.1193833 1.36
Electrophilicity Index	0,8934589851890408 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 109,15 K
Melting Point	1 814,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
kleur	Black #ff1493 #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6
appearance	silvery white
Brekingsindeks
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	15,8 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000102 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,52 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,568 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Geleidingsvermoë	1,8 MS/m
Elektriese resistiwiteit	0,00000055 Ω*m
superconductivity	0,05 K
Magnetisme
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,000000088 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000003956 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,0002627
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,31 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	750 MPa
Massamodulus	57 GPa
Skuifmodulus	29 GPa
Young se modulus	74 GPa
Poisson se verhouding	0,28
Spoed van klank
classification
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	48
Mendeleev Number	11
Pettifor Number	20
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	892 kJ/mol
polarizability	97 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1 383 a₀ 1 570 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	27,2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,025
quantum number	2D3/2
Ruimtegroep	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Scandium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	28
Natural Isotopes	1

³⁵Sc

Massagetal	35
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	35,029093 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁶Sc

Massagetal	36
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	36,017338 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum
parity

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁷Sc

Massagetal	37
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	37,004058 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁸Sc

Massagetal	38
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995438 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

³⁹Sc

Massagetal	39
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	38,984784953 ± 0,000025765 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1988
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)	100%

⁴⁰Sc

Massagetal	40
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	39,977967275 ± 0,000003036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	182,3 ± 0,7 ms
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1955
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.44%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.017%

⁴¹Sc

Massagetal	41
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	40,969251163 ± 0,000000083 Da
g-factor	1,5509428571429 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	596,3 ± 1,7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,145 ± 0,003
ontdekkingsdatum	1941
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴²Sc

Massagetal	42
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	41,965516686 ± 0,000000165 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	680,72 ± 0,26 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1955
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴³Sc

Massagetal	43
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	42,961150425 ± 0,000001999 Da
g-factor	1,2931428571429 ± 0,0028571428571429
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	3,891 ± 0,012 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,27 ± 0,05
ontdekkingsdatum	1935
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁴Sc

Massagetal	44
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	43,959402818 ± 0,000001884 Da
g-factor	1,249 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	4,0421 ± 0,0025 h
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,1 ± 0,05
ontdekkingsdatum	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁵Sc

Massagetal	45
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	44,955907051 ± 0,000000712 Da
g-factor	1,3582857142857 ± 0,000022857142857143
natural abundance	100
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,22 ± 0,002
ontdekkingsdatum	1923
parity	-

⁴⁶Sc

Massagetal	46
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	45,955167034 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	0,76 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	83,757 ± 0,014 d
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,119 ± 0,006
ontdekkingsdatum	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷Sc

Massagetal	47
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	46,952402444 ± 0,000002072 Da
g-factor	1,5257142857143 ± 0,0057142857142857
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	3,3492 ± 0,0006 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,22 ± 0,03
ontdekkingsdatum	1945
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸Sc

Massagetal	48
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	47,952222903 ± 0,000005313 Da
g-factor	0,62283333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	43,67 ± 0,09 h
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁹Sc

Massagetal	49
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	48,950013159 ± 0,000002434 Da
g-factor	1,6028571428571 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	57,18 ± 0,13 m
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1940
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁰Sc

Massagetal	50
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	49,952187437 ± 0,0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	102,5 ± 0,5 s
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1959
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵¹Sc

Massagetal	51
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	50,953568838 ± 0,0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	12,4 ± 0,1 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1966
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵²Sc

Massagetal	52
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	51,95649617 ± 0,0000033 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	8,2 ± 0,2 s
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1980
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵³Sc

Massagetal	53
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	52,958379173 ± 0,000019 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	2,4 ± 0,6 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1980
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵⁴Sc

Massagetal	54
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	53,963029359 ± 0,000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	526 ± 15 ms
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1990
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%

⁵⁵Sc

Massagetal	55
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	54,966889637 ± 0,000067 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	96 ± 2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1990
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶Sc

Massagetal	56
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	55,972607611 ± 0,000278761 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	26 ± 6 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷Sc

Massagetal	57
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	56,977048 ± 0,000193 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	22 ± 2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸Sc

Massagetal	58
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	57,983382 ± 0,000204 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	12 ± 5 ms
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹Sc

Massagetal	59
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	58,988374 ± 0,000268 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	2009
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁰Sc

Massagetal	60
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	59,995115 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	2009
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶¹Sc

Massagetal	61
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	61,000537 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	2009
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶²Sc

Massagetal	62
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	62,007848 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	2018
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶³Sc

Massagetal	63
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	63,014031 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

geskiedenis

Ontdek deur	Lars Nilson
ligging van ontdekking	Sweden
ontdekkingsdatum	1879
etimologie	Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
uitspraak	SKAN-di-em (Engels)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	22 mg/kg
natural abundance (oseaan)	0,0000006 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (Meteoroïde)	0,00064 %
natural abundance (Son)	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5434
2	p	3.9454
2	s	6.4264
3	d	13.8801
3	p	11.5938
3	s	10.6602
4	s	16.3676

Skandium on ChemicalAid

Skandium (Sc)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Scandium

35Sc

36Sc

37Sc

38Sc

39Sc

40Sc

41Sc

42Sc

43Sc

44Sc

45Sc

46Sc

47Sc

48Sc

49Sc

50Sc

51Sc

52Sc

53Sc

54Sc

55Sc

56Sc

57Sc

58Sc

59Sc

60Sc

61Sc

62Sc

63Sc

geskiedenis

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

³⁵Sc

³⁶Sc

³⁷Sc

³⁸Sc

³⁹Sc

⁴⁰Sc

⁴¹Sc

⁴²Sc

⁴³Sc

⁴⁴Sc

⁴⁵Sc

⁴⁶Sc

⁴⁷Sc

⁴⁸Sc

⁴⁹Sc

⁵⁰Sc

⁵¹Sc

⁵²Sc

⁵³Sc

⁵⁴Sc

⁵⁵Sc

⁵⁶Sc

⁵⁷Sc

⁵⁸Sc

⁵⁹Sc

⁶⁰Sc

⁶¹Sc

⁶²Sc

⁶³Sc