Atomic Number | 22 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 47.867 |
Mass Number | 48 |
Group | 4 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | d |
Protons | 22 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 26 n0 |
Electrons | 22 e- |
Atomic Radius | 140 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 10.6 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 136 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 132 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 86 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 100 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 211 pm
|
Density | 4.506 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | 876 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | 0.079 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 6.82812 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 422.6 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 18.8 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 473 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 10, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2 |
Oxidation States | -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity | 1.54
|
Electrophilicity Index | 0.8836023565738941 eV/particle
|
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,560.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,943.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Titanium is a Silver. Ti has a CPK of #808090, Jmol of #bfc2c7, and MOLCAS GV of #bfc2c7. The Appearance of Element 22 is silvery grey-white metallic. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery grey-white metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 21.9 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000086 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.06 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.523 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 2.5 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000004 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 0.4 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000401 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001919 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0001807
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Titanium is HEX. The lattice constant of Ti is 2.95 Å. The lattice angles of Element 22 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 2.95 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Titanium has a Brinell of 716 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6 MPa, and Vickers of 970 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ti is 110 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 22 is 44 GPa. The Young Modulus of Titanium (Ti) is 116 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Titanium is 0.32. The Speed of Sound of Ti is 4140 m/s. | |
Hardness | 6 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 110 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 44 GPa
|
Young's Modulus | 116 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.32
|
Speed of Sound | 4,140 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Titanium is IVA. The IUPAC Group of Ti is IVB. The Glawe Number of Element 22 is 51. The Mendeleev Number of Titanium (Ti) is 43. The Pettifor Number of Titanium is 51. The Geochemical Class of Ti is first series transition metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 22 is litophile. | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | IVA |
IUPAC Group | IVB |
Glawe Number | 51 |
Mendeleev Number | 43 |
Pettifor Number | 51 |
Geochemical Class | first series transition metal |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
The Gas Basicity of Titanium is 853.7 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Ti is 100 plus or minus 10 a₀. Element 22 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 1044 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 1200 a₀. The Allotropes of Titanium (Ti) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Titanium is 6.1. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Ti is 0.0044. The Quantum Numbers of Element 22 is 3F2. The Space Group of Titanium (Ti) is 194 (P63/mmc).
Stable Isotopes | 5 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 24 |
Natural Isotopes | 5 |
Mass Number | 37 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 15 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 38 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 16 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2p (2-proton emission) |
Mass Number | 39 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 17 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 28.5 ± 0.9 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 93.7% |
2p (2-proton emission) |
Mass Number | 40 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 18 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 52.4 ± 0.3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 95.8% |
Mass Number | 41 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 19 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 81.9 ± 0.5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 91.1% |
Mass Number | 42 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 20 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 208.3 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 43 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 21 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.24285714285714 ± 0.0057142857142857
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 509 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 44 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 22 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 59.1 ± 0.3 y
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Mass Number | 45 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 23 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.027142857142857 ± 0.00057142857142857
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 184.8 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.015 ± 0.015
|
Discovery Year | 1941 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 46 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 24 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 8.25 ± 0.03
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 47 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 25 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 7.44 ± 0.02
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.302 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | - |
Mass Number | 48 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 26 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 73.72 ± 0.03
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1923 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 49 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 27 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 5.41 ± 0.02
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.247 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | - |
Mass Number | 50 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 28 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 5.18 ± 0.02
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 51 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 29 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.76 ± 0.01 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 52 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 30 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.7 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 53 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 31 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 32.7 ± 0.9 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 54 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 32 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.1 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 55 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 33 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.3 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 56 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 34 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 200 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 57 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 35 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 95 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 58 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 36 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 55 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 59 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 37 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 28.5 ± 1.9 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 60 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 38 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22.2 ± 1.6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 61 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 39 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 15 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 62 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 40 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 63 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 41 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 64 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 42 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 65 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 43 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
William Gregor found the oxide of titanium in ilmenite in 1791. Martin Heinrich Klaproth independently discovered the element in rutile in 1795 and named it. The pure metallic form was only obtained in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter. In 1936, the Kroll Process made the commercial production of titanium possible. From the Latin titans, the first sons of the Earth, Greek mythology
Discoverers | William Gregor |
---|---|
Discovery Location | England |
Discovery Year | 1791 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: titanos (Titans). |
Pronunciation | tie-TAY-ni-em (English) |
Usually occurs in the minerals ilmenite (FeTiO3) or rutile (TiO2). Also in Titaniferous magnetite, titanite (CaTiSiO5), and iron ores. Pure metal produced by heating TiO2 with C and Cl2 to produce TiCl4 then heated with Mg gas in Ar atmosphere.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 5,650 mg/kg
|
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | 0.001 mg/L
|
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | |
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.054 %
|
Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.0004 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0003 %
|
1 | s | 0.5591 |
2 | p | 3.9352 |
2 | s | 6.6234 |
3 | d | 13.8586 |
3 | p | 11.8963 |
3 | s | 10.9669 |
4 | s | 17.1832 |