Scandium, Skandium (Sc)

grundstof med atomnummer 21

Atomnummer	21
Atommasse	44.955908
mass number	45

Gruppe	3
Periode	4
Blok	d

proton	21 p⁺
neutron	24 n⁰
elektron	21 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of Sc (Scandium, Skandium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	160 pm 263 pm
molar volume	15 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	148 pm 116 pm 114 pm 170 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 162 pm
Ionisk radius	74,5 pm 87 pm
Crystal Radius	88,5 pm 101 pm
Van der Waals-radius	230 pm 215 pm 261 pm 329,5 pm
massefylde	2,99 g/cm³ 2.800 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

energi

proton affinity	914 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0,188 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	6,56149 eV/particle 12,79977 eV/particle 24,756838 eV/particle 73,4894 eV/particle 91,949 eV/particle 110,68 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 158,1 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 225,18 eV/particle 249,798 eV/particle 687,36 eV/particle 757,7 eV/particle 833 eV/particle 926,48 eV/particle 1.008,62 eV/particle 1.093,48 eV/particle 1.213,1 eV/particle 1.287,956 eV/particle 5.674,9034 eV/particle 6.033,754 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	332,7 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	15,8 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	377,8 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 9, 2

Valenselektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²

Oxidationstrin	0, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegativitet	7,042 eV/particle 0.1193833 1.36
Electrophilicity Index	0,8934589851890408 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase	Fast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	3.109,15 K
Smeltepunkt	1.814,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Silver #ff1493 #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6
appearance	silvery white
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	15,8 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000102 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,52 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,568 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	1,8 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000055 Ω*m
superledning	0,05 K
Magnetisme
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,000000088 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000003956 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,0002627
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	Simpel Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	3,31 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed	750 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	57 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	29 GPa
E-modul	74 GPa
Poissons forhold	0,28
speed of sound
klassificering
Kategori	Overgangsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	48
Mendeleev Number	11
Pettifor Number	20
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity	892 kJ/mol
polarizability	97 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1.383 a₀ 1.570 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	27,2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,025
quantum number	2D3/2
rumgruppe	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Scandium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	28
Natural Isotopes	1

³⁵Sc

mass number	35
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	35,029093 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁶Sc

mass number	36
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	36,017338 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁷Sc

mass number	37
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	37,004058 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁸Sc

mass number	38
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995438 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁹Sc

mass number	39
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	38,984784953 ± 0,000025765 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1988
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)	100%

⁴⁰Sc

mass number	40
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	39,977967275 ± 0,000003036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	182,3 ± 0,7 ms
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1955
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.44%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.017%

⁴¹Sc

mass number	41
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	40,969251163 ± 0,000000083 Da
g-factor	1,5509428571429 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	596,3 ± 1,7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,145 ± 0,003
opdagelsesdato	1941
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴²Sc

mass number	42
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	41,965516686 ± 0,000000165 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	680,72 ± 0,26 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1955
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴³Sc

mass number	43
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	42,961150425 ± 0,000001999 Da
g-factor	1,2931428571429 ± 0,0028571428571429
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,891 ± 0,012 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,27 ± 0,05
opdagelsesdato	1935
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁴Sc

mass number	44
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	43,959402818 ± 0,000001884 Da
g-factor	1,249 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,0421 ± 0,0025 h
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,1 ± 0,05
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁵Sc

mass number	45
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	44,955907051 ± 0,000000712 Da
g-factor	1,3582857142857 ± 0,000022857142857143
natural abundance	100
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,22 ± 0,002
opdagelsesdato	1923
Paritet	-

⁴⁶Sc

mass number	46
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	45,955167034 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	0,76 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	83,757 ± 0,014 d
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,119 ± 0,006
opdagelsesdato	1936
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷Sc

mass number	47
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	46,952402444 ± 0,000002072 Da
g-factor	1,5257142857143 ± 0,0057142857142857
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,3492 ± 0,0006 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,22 ± 0,03
opdagelsesdato	1945
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸Sc

mass number	48
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	47,952222903 ± 0,000005313 Da
g-factor	0,62283333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	43,67 ± 0,09 h
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁹Sc

mass number	49
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	48,950013159 ± 0,000002434 Da
g-factor	1,6028571428571 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	57,18 ± 0,13 m
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1940
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁰Sc

mass number	50
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	49,952187437 ± 0,0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	102,5 ± 0,5 s
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1959
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵¹Sc

mass number	51
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	50,953568838 ± 0,0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	12,4 ± 0,1 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1966
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵²Sc

mass number	52
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	51,95649617 ± 0,0000033 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	8,2 ± 0,2 s
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1980
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵³Sc

mass number	53
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	52,958379173 ± 0,000019 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,4 ± 0,6 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1980
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵⁴Sc

mass number	54
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	53,963029359 ± 0,000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	526 ± 15 ms
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1990
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%

⁵⁵Sc

mass number	55
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	54,966889637 ± 0,000067 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	96 ± 2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1990
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶Sc

mass number	56
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	55,972607611 ± 0,000278761 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	26 ± 6 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷Sc

mass number	57
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	56,977048 ± 0,000193 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	22 ± 2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸Sc

mass number	58
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	57,983382 ± 0,000204 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	12 ± 5 ms
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹Sc

mass number	59
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	58,988374 ± 0,000268 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁰Sc

mass number	60
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	59,995115 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶¹Sc

mass number	61
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	61,000537 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶²Sc

mass number	62
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	62,007848 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2018
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶³Sc

mass number	63
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	63,014031 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Lars Nilson
fundsted	Sweden
opdagelsesdato	1879
etymologi	Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
udtale	SKAN-di-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	22 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	0,0000006 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0,00064 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5434
2	p	3.9454
2	s	6.4264
3	d	13.8801
3	p	11.5938
3	s	10.6602
4	s	16.3676

Scandium, Skandium on ChemicalAid

AUT NKC	ph543051
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300386739
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3572
BNCF	38291
BNF	12201543p
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	scandium
CAB ID	264931
CAS-nummer	7440-20-2
ChEBI-ID	33330
ChemSpider ID	22392
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14723000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID1047653
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064689
Den Store Danske-ID	scandium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.299
Elhuyar ZTH ID	023493
Enciclopedia Treccani	scandio
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/scandium
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	scandium
Freebase-ID	/m/025sf87
French Vikidia ID	Scandium
GND-identifikator	4051871-1
InChI	InChI=1S/Sc
InChIKey	SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Scandium
LCAuth	sh85117977
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	138972
MeSH ID	D012538
NDL-nummer	00571660
NE.se ID	skandium
Namuwiki ID	스칸듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558467005171
OmegaWiki-betydningsdefinition	357984
OpenAlex ID	C551831248
PSH-ID	5756
PubChem CID	23952
Quora emne-ID	Scandium
RxNorm ID	1311273
Spanish Vikidia ID	Escandio
Store katalanske encyklopædi-ID	0104320
Store norske leksikon-ID	scandium
Store russiske encyklopædi Online-ID	3667562
UNII	YUJ4U1EW7R
USGS Thesaurus ID	1569
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14678010-n
YSO ID	38599
ZVG-nummer	7210

Scandium, Skandium (Sc)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Scandium

35Sc

36Sc

37Sc

38Sc

39Sc

40Sc

41Sc

42Sc

43Sc

44Sc

45Sc

46Sc

47Sc

48Sc

49Sc

50Sc

51Sc

52Sc

53Sc

54Sc

55Sc

56Sc

57Sc

58Sc

59Sc

60Sc

61Sc

62Sc

63Sc

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

³⁵Sc

³⁶Sc

³⁷Sc

³⁸Sc

³⁹Sc

⁴⁰Sc

⁴¹Sc

⁴²Sc

⁴³Sc

⁴⁴Sc

⁴⁵Sc

⁴⁶Sc

⁴⁷Sc

⁴⁸Sc

⁴⁹Sc

⁵⁰Sc

⁵¹Sc

⁵²Sc

⁵³Sc

⁵⁴Sc

⁵⁵Sc

⁵⁶Sc

⁵⁷Sc

⁵⁸Sc

⁵⁹Sc

⁶⁰Sc

⁶¹Sc

⁶²Sc

⁶³Sc