Skandium (Sc)

chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21

Atomic Number	21
Atomic Weight	44.955908
Nombor jisim	45

Group	3
Period	4
Block	d

proton	21 p⁺
neutron	24 n⁰
Elektron	21 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	160 pm 263 pm
molar volume	15 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	148 pm 116 pm 114 pm 170 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 162 pm
ionic radius	74.5 pm 87 pm
Crystal Radius	88.5 pm 101 pm
Jejari van der Waals	230 pm 215 pm 261 pm 329.5 pm
ketumpatan	2.99 g/cm³ 2,800 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity	914 kJ/mol
Pertalian elektron	0.188 eV/particle
ionization energy	6.56149 eV/particle 12.79977 eV/particle 24.756838 eV/particle 73.4894 eV/particle 91.949 eV/particle 110.68 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 158.1 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 225.18 eV/particle 249.798 eV/particle 687.36 eV/particle 757.7 eV/particle 833 eV/particle 926.48 eV/particle 1,008.62 eV/particle 1,093.48 eV/particle 1,213.1 eV/particle 1,287.956 eV/particle 5,674.9034 eV/particle 6,033.754 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	332.7 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	15.8 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	377.8 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 9, 2

Elektron valens	2 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²

Keadaan pengoksidaan	0, 1, 2, 3
Keelektronegatifan	7.042 eV/particle 0.1193833 1.36
Electrophilicity Index	0.8934589851890408 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,109.15 K
Melting Point	1,814.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna	Black #ff1493 #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6
rupa	silvery white
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	15.8 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.0000102 1/K
molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.568 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	1.8 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000055 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian	0.05 K
kemagnetan
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.000000088 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000003956 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.0002627
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3.31 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	750 MPa
Modulus pukal	57 GPa
shear modulus	29 GPa
Young's modulus	74 GPa
Nisbah Poisson	0.28
Kelajuan bunyi
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	48
Mendeleev Number	11
Pettifor Number	20
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	892 kJ/mol
polarizability	97 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1,383 a₀ 1,570 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	27.2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.025
Nombor kuantum	2D3/2
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Scandium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	28
Natural Isotopes	1

³⁵Sc

Nombor jisim	35
nombor neutron	14
Jisim Atom Relatif	35.029093 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³⁶Sc

Nombor jisim	36
nombor neutron	15
Jisim Atom Relatif	36.017338 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³⁷Sc

Nombor jisim	37
nombor neutron	16
Jisim Atom Relatif	37.004058 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³⁸Sc

Nombor jisim	38
nombor neutron	17
Jisim Atom Relatif	37.995438 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

³⁹Sc

Nombor jisim	39
nombor neutron	18
Jisim Atom Relatif	38.984784953 ± 0.000025765 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1988
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)	100%

⁴⁰Sc

Nombor jisim	40
nombor neutron	19
Jisim Atom Relatif	39.977967275 ± 0.000003036 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	182.3 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1955
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.44%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.017%

⁴¹Sc

Nombor jisim	41
nombor neutron	20
Jisim Atom Relatif	40.969251163 ± 0.000000083 Da
g-factor	1.5509428571429 ± 0.0004
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	596.3 ± 1.7 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.145 ± 0.003
tarikh penemuan	1941
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴²Sc

Nombor jisim	42
nombor neutron	21
Jisim Atom Relatif	41.965516686 ± 0.000000165 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	680.72 ± 0.26 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1955
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴³Sc

Nombor jisim	43
nombor neutron	22
Jisim Atom Relatif	42.961150425 ± 0.000001999 Da
g-factor	1.2931428571429 ± 0.0028571428571429
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.891 ± 0.012 h
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.27 ± 0.05
tarikh penemuan	1935
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁴Sc

Nombor jisim	44
nombor neutron	23
Jisim Atom Relatif	43.959402818 ± 0.000001884 Da
g-factor	1.249 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	4.0421 ± 0.0025 h
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.1 ± 0.05
tarikh penemuan	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁵Sc

Nombor jisim	45
nombor neutron	24
Jisim Atom Relatif	44.955907051 ± 0.000000712 Da
g-factor	1.3582857142857 ± 0.000022857142857143
natural abundance	100
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.22 ± 0.002
tarikh penemuan	1923
parity	-

⁴⁶Sc

Nombor jisim	46
nombor neutron	25
Jisim Atom Relatif	45.955167034 ± 0.00000072 Da
g-factor	0.76 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	83.757 ± 0.014 d
Spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.119 ± 0.006
tarikh penemuan	1936
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷Sc

Nombor jisim	47
nombor neutron	26
Jisim Atom Relatif	46.952402444 ± 0.000002072 Da
g-factor	1.5257142857143 ± 0.0057142857142857
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.3492 ± 0.0006 d
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.22 ± 0.03
tarikh penemuan	1945
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸Sc

Nombor jisim	48
nombor neutron	27
Jisim Atom Relatif	47.952222903 ± 0.000005313 Da
g-factor	0.62283333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	43.67 ± 0.09 h
Spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁹Sc

Nombor jisim	49
nombor neutron	28
Jisim Atom Relatif	48.950013159 ± 0.000002434 Da
g-factor	1.6028571428571 ± 0.0085714285714286
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	57.18 ± 0.13 m
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1940
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁰Sc

Nombor jisim	50
nombor neutron	29
Jisim Atom Relatif	49.952187437 ± 0.0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	102.5 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1959
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵¹Sc

Nombor jisim	51
nombor neutron	30
Jisim Atom Relatif	50.953568838 ± 0.0000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	12.4 ± 0.1 s
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1966
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵²Sc

Nombor jisim	52
nombor neutron	31
Jisim Atom Relatif	51.95649617 ± 0.0000033 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	8.2 ± 0.2 s
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1980
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵³Sc

Nombor jisim	53
nombor neutron	32
Jisim Atom Relatif	52.958379173 ± 0.000019 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.4 ± 0.6 s
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1980
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵⁴Sc

Nombor jisim	54
nombor neutron	33
Jisim Atom Relatif	53.963029359 ± 0.000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	526 ± 15 ms
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1990
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%

⁵⁵Sc

Nombor jisim	55
nombor neutron	34
Jisim Atom Relatif	54.966889637 ± 0.000067 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	96 ± 2 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1990
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶Sc

Nombor jisim	56
nombor neutron	35
Jisim Atom Relatif	55.972607611 ± 0.000278761 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	26 ± 6 ms
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷Sc

Nombor jisim	57
nombor neutron	36
Jisim Atom Relatif	56.977048 ± 0.000193 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	22 ± 2 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸Sc

Nombor jisim	58
nombor neutron	37
Jisim Atom Relatif	57.983382 ± 0.000204 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	12 ± 5 ms
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹Sc

Nombor jisim	59
nombor neutron	38
Jisim Atom Relatif	58.988374 ± 0.000268 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2009
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁰Sc

Nombor jisim	60
nombor neutron	39
Jisim Atom Relatif	59.995115 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2009
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶¹Sc

Nombor jisim	61
nombor neutron	40
Jisim Atom Relatif	61.000537 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2009
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶²Sc

Nombor jisim	62
nombor neutron	41
Jisim Atom Relatif	62.007848 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2018
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶³Sc

Nombor jisim	63
nombor neutron	42
Jisim Atom Relatif	63.014031 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Lars Nilson
tempat penemuan	Sweden
tarikh penemuan	1879
Etimologi	Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
sebutan	SKAN-di-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	22 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	0.0000006 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0.00064 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5434
2	p	3.9454
2	s	6.4264
3	d	13.8801
3	p	11.5938
3	s	10.6602
4	s	16.3676

Skandium on ChemicalAid

Skandium (Sc)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Scandium

35Sc

36Sc

37Sc

38Sc

39Sc

40Sc

41Sc

42Sc

43Sc

44Sc

45Sc

46Sc

47Sc

48Sc

49Sc

50Sc

51Sc

52Sc

53Sc

54Sc

55Sc

56Sc

57Sc

58Sc

59Sc

60Sc

61Sc

62Sc

63Sc

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

³⁵Sc

³⁶Sc

³⁷Sc

³⁸Sc

³⁹Sc

⁴⁰Sc

⁴¹Sc

⁴²Sc

⁴³Sc

⁴⁴Sc

⁴⁵Sc

⁴⁶Sc

⁴⁷Sc

⁴⁸Sc

⁴⁹Sc

⁵⁰Sc

⁵¹Sc

⁵²Sc

⁵³Sc

⁵⁴Sc

⁵⁵Sc

⁵⁶Sc

⁵⁷Sc

⁵⁸Sc

⁵⁹Sc

⁶⁰Sc

⁶¹Sc

⁶²Sc

⁶³Sc