Skandium (Sc)

grundämne

Atomnummer	21
Atommassa	44.955908
masstal	45

Grupp	3
Period	4
Block	d

Protoner	21 p⁺
Neutroner	24 n⁰
Electrons	21 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodell of Sc (Skandium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie	160 pm 263 pm
molvolym	15 cm³/mol
kovalent radie	148 pm 116 pm 114 pm 170 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 162 pm
ionic radius	74,5 pm 87 pm
Crystal Radius	88,5 pm 101 pm
Van der Waalsradie	230 pm 215 pm 261 pm 329,5 pm
densitet	2,99 g/cm³ 2 800 kg/m³
energi
proton affinity	914 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet	0,188 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi	6,56149 eV/particle 12,79977 eV/particle 24,756838 eV/particle 73,4894 eV/particle 91,949 eV/particle 110,68 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 158,1 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 225,18 eV/particle 249,798 eV/particle 687,36 eV/particle 757,7 eV/particle 833 eV/particle 926,48 eV/particle 1 008,62 eV/particle 1 093,48 eV/particle 1 213,1 eV/particle 1 287,956 eV/particle 5 674,9034 eV/particle 6 033,754 eV/particle

ångbildningsvärme	332,7 kJ/mol
smältvärme	15,8 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi	377,8 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell	2, 8, 9, 2

valenselektron	2
elektronkonfiguration	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

oxidationstal	0, 1, 2, 3
elektronegativitet	7,042 eV/particle 0.1193833 1.36
Electrophilicity	0,8934589851890408 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillstånd	Fast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt	3 109,15 K
Smältpunkt	1 814,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg	Silver #ff1493 #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6
appearance	silvery white
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga	15,8 W/(m K)
termisk expansion	0,0000102 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,52 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet	0,568 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
elektrisk konduktivitet	1,8 MS/m
resistivitet	0,00000055 m Ω
supraledare	0,05 K
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)	0,000000088 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)	0,000000003956 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)	0,0002627
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
Kristallstruktur	Enkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant	3,31 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet	750 MPa
Kompressibilitet	57 GPa
skjuvmodul	29 GPa
Young's modulus	74 GPa
Poissons konstant	0,28
ljudhastighet
klassificering
Kategori	Övergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	48
Mendeleev Number	11
Pettifor Number	20
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity	892 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	97 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1 383 a₀ 1 570 a₀
Allotropes
Träffyta	27,2
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,025
kvanttal	2D3/2
rymdgrupp	194 (P63/mmc)

Skandiumisotoper

Stabila isotoper	1
Instabila isotoper	28
Radioactive Isotopes	23

³⁵Sc

natural abundance
relative atomic mass	35,029093 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal	35
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet	-

³⁵Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)	%

³⁶Sc

natural abundance
relative atomic mass	36,017338 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal	36
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet

³⁶Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)	%

³⁷Sc

natural abundance
relative atomic mass	37,004058 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal	37
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet	-

³⁷Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)	%

³⁸Sc

natural abundance
relative atomic mass	37,995438 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal	38
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet	-

³⁸Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)	%

³⁹Sc

natural abundance
relative atomic mass	38,984784953 ± 0,000025765 Da
masstal	39
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1988
Paritet	-

³⁹Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)	100%

⁴⁰Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	39,977967275 ± 0,000003036 Da
masstal	40
g-factor
Halveringstid	182,3 ± 0,7 ms
Spinn	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1955
Paritet	-

⁴⁰Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.44%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.017%

⁴¹Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	40,969251163 ± 0,000000083 Da
masstal	41
g-factor	1,5509428571429 ± 0,0004
Halveringstid	596,3 ± 1,7 ms
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,145 ± 0,003
upptäcktsdatum	1941
Paritet	-

⁴¹Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴²Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	41,965516686 ± 0,000000165 Da
masstal	42
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	680,72 ± 0,26 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1955
Paritet	+

⁴²Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴³Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	42,961150425 ± 0,000001999 Da
masstal	43
g-factor	1,2931428571429 ± 0,0028571428571429
Halveringstid	3,891 ± 0,012 h
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,27 ± 0,05
upptäcktsdatum	1935
Paritet	-

⁴³Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁴Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	43,959402818 ± 0,000001884 Da
masstal	44
g-factor	1,249 ± 0,0025
Halveringstid	4,0421 ± 0,0025 h
Spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,1 ± 0,05
upptäcktsdatum	1937
Paritet	+

⁴⁴Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁵Sc

natural abundance	100
relative atomic mass	44,955907051 ± 0,000000712 Da
masstal	45
g-factor	1,3582857142857 ± 0,000022857142857143
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,22 ± 0,002
upptäcktsdatum	1923
Paritet	-

⁴⁶Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	45,955167034 ± 0,00000072 Da
masstal	46
g-factor	0,76 ± 0,002
Halveringstid	83,757 ± 0,014 d
Spinn	4
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,119 ± 0,006
upptäcktsdatum	1936
Paritet	+

⁴⁶Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁷Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	46,952402444 ± 0,000002072 Da
masstal	47
g-factor	1,5257142857143 ± 0,0057142857142857
Halveringstid	3,3492 ± 0,0006 d
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,22 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum	1945
Paritet	-

⁴⁷Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	47,952222903 ± 0,000005313 Da
masstal	48
g-factor	0,62283333333333 ± 0,002
Halveringstid	43,67 ± 0,09 h
Spinn	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1937
Paritet	+

⁴⁸Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁹Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	48,950013159 ± 0,000002434 Da
masstal	49
g-factor	1,6028571428571 ± 0,0085714285714286
Halveringstid	57,18 ± 0,13 m
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1940
Paritet	-

⁴⁹Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁰Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	49,952187437 ± 0,0000027 Da
masstal	50
g-factor
Halveringstid	102,5 ± 0,5 s
Spinn	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1959
Paritet	+

⁵⁰Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵¹Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	50,953568838 ± 0,0000027 Da
masstal	51
g-factor
Halveringstid	12,4 ± 0,1 s
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1966
Paritet

⁵¹Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

⁵²Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	51,95649617 ± 0,0000033 Da
masstal	52
g-factor
Halveringstid	8,2 ± 0,2 s
Spinn	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1980
Paritet

⁵²Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

⁵³Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	52,958379173 ± 0,000019 Da
masstal	53
g-factor
Halveringstid	2,4 ± 0,6 s
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1980
Paritet	-

⁵³Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

⁵⁴Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	53,963029359 ± 0,000015 Da
masstal	54
g-factor
Halveringstid	526 ± 15 ms
Spinn	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1990
Paritet

⁵⁴Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	16%

⁵⁵Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	54,966889637 ± 0,000067 Da
masstal	55
g-factor
Halveringstid	96 ± 2 ms
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1990
Paritet

⁵⁵Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁵⁶Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	55,972607611 ± 0,000278761 Da
masstal	56
g-factor
Halveringstid	26 ± 6 ms
Spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1997
Paritet	+

⁵⁶Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁵⁷Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	56,977048 ± 0,000193 Da
masstal	57
g-factor
Halveringstid	22 ± 2 ms
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1997
Paritet	-

⁵⁷Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁵⁸Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	57,983382 ± 0,000204 Da
masstal	58
g-factor
Halveringstid	12 ± 5 ms
Spinn	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1997
Paritet	+

⁵⁸Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁵⁹Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	58,988374 ± 0,000268 Da
masstal	59
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	2009
Paritet	-

⁵⁹Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁶⁰Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	59,995115 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal	60
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	2009
Paritet	+

⁶⁰Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁶¹Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	61,000537 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal	61
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	2009
Paritet	-

⁶¹Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁶²Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	62,007848 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal	62
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	2018
Paritet

⁶²Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁶³Sc

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	63,014031 ± 0,000751 Da
masstal	63
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet	-

⁶³Sc Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnare	Lars Nilson
fyndplats	Sweden
upptäcktsdatum	1879
etymologi	Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
uttal	SKAN-di-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	22 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0,0000006 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0,00064 %
Abundance in Sun	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5434
2	p	3.9454
2	s	6.4264
3	d	13.8801
3	p	11.5938
3	s	10.6602
4	s	16.3676

Skandium on ChemicalAid

ALLFO-ID	38599
Art & Architecture Thesaurus-ID	300386739
Australian Educational Vocabulary-ID	scot/3572
BNCF	38291
BNF-ID	12201543p
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie-ID	scandium
CAB ID	264931
CAS-nummer	7440-20-2
ChEBI-ID	33330
ChemSpider-ID	22392
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14723000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID1047653
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064689
Den Store Danske-ID	scandium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.299
Elhuyar ZTH ID	023493
Enciclopedia Treccani	scandio
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/scandium
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	scandium
Freebase-ID	/m/025sf87
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana-ID	0104320
InChI	InChI=1S/Sc
InChIKey	SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
J9U-ID	987007558467005171
KBpedia-ID	Scandium
Lettiska nationalencyklopedin online-ID	138972
MeSH-ID	D012538
NDL-ID	00571660
NKC-ID	ph543051
Namuwiki-ID	스칸듐
Nationalencyklopedin-ID	skandium
OmegaWiki Definierad Betydelse	357984
OpenAlex-ID	C551831248
PSH-ID	5756
PubChem-ID (CID)	23952
RxNorm-ID	1311273
Stora ryska encyklopedin-ID	3667562
Store norske leksikon-ID	scandium
UNII	YUJ4U1EW7R
Vikidia-ID (franska)	Scandium
Vikidia-ID (spanska)	Escandio
ZVG-nummer	7210
id-nummer i Deutsche Nationalbibliotheks katalog	4051871-1
id-nummer i USA:s kongressbiblioteks katalog	sh85117977
synset-ID på WordNet 3.1	14678010-n
ämnes-ID på Quora	Scandium

Skandium (Sc)

Egenskaper

Skandiumisotoper

35Sc

35Sc Decay Modes

36Sc

36Sc Decay Modes

37Sc

37Sc Decay Modes

38Sc

38Sc Decay Modes

39Sc

39Sc Decay Modes

40Sc

40Sc Decay Modes

41Sc

41Sc Decay Modes

42Sc

42Sc Decay Modes

43Sc

43Sc Decay Modes

44Sc

44Sc Decay Modes

45Sc

46Sc

46Sc Decay Modes

47Sc

47Sc Decay Modes

48Sc

48Sc Decay Modes

49Sc

49Sc Decay Modes

50Sc

50Sc Decay Modes

51Sc

51Sc Decay Modes

52Sc

52Sc Decay Modes

53Sc

53Sc Decay Modes

54Sc

54Sc Decay Modes

55Sc

55Sc Decay Modes

56Sc

56Sc Decay Modes

57Sc

57Sc Decay Modes

58Sc

58Sc Decay Modes

59Sc

59Sc Decay Modes

60Sc

60Sc Decay Modes

61Sc

61Sc Decay Modes

62Sc

62Sc Decay Modes

63Sc

63Sc Decay Modes

historia

Sources

Nuclear Screening Constants

³⁵Sc

³⁵Sc Decay Modes

³⁶Sc

³⁶Sc Decay Modes

³⁷Sc

³⁷Sc Decay Modes

³⁸Sc

³⁸Sc Decay Modes

³⁹Sc

³⁹Sc Decay Modes

⁴⁰Sc

⁴⁰Sc Decay Modes

⁴¹Sc

⁴¹Sc Decay Modes

⁴²Sc

⁴²Sc Decay Modes

⁴³Sc

⁴³Sc Decay Modes

⁴⁴Sc

⁴⁴Sc Decay Modes

⁴⁵Sc

⁴⁶Sc

⁴⁶Sc Decay Modes

⁴⁷Sc

⁴⁷Sc Decay Modes

⁴⁸Sc

⁴⁸Sc Decay Modes

⁴⁹Sc

⁴⁹Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁰Sc

⁵⁰Sc Decay Modes

⁵¹Sc

⁵¹Sc Decay Modes

⁵²Sc

⁵²Sc Decay Modes

⁵³Sc

⁵³Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁴Sc

⁵⁴Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁵Sc

⁵⁵Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁶Sc

⁵⁶Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁷Sc

⁵⁷Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁸Sc

⁵⁸Sc Decay Modes

⁵⁹Sc

⁵⁹Sc Decay Modes

⁶⁰Sc

⁶⁰Sc Decay Modes

⁶¹Sc

⁶¹Sc Decay Modes

⁶²Sc

⁶²Sc Decay Modes

⁶³Sc

⁶³Sc Decay Modes